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This study aims to investigate the effects of gamification features on brand engagement dimensions in online travel agents (OTAs), specifically brand awareness and loyalty.

The proposed model is empirically evaluated through an online survey of 406 Indonesian OTA users. Partial least squares structural equation modeling analysis was used to assess the model.

The findings reveal that gamification boosts emotional and social brand engagement, while achievement improves cognitive brand engagement. Cognitive brand engagement only affects brand loyalty, excluding brand awareness; however, emotional and social brand engagement substantially impact brand awareness and loyalty.

This study addresses the gap in the limited empirical studies on gamification in the tourism and hospitality industries, with a particular focus on OTAs.

本研究旨在调查游戏化特性对在线旅行社（OTAs）品牌参与维度, 特别是品牌认知度和忠诚度的影响。

通过对406名印度尼西亚OTA用户的在线调查对所提出的模型进行了实证评估。采用偏最小二乘结构方程模型分析来评估模型。

研究结果表明, 游戏化能够提升情感和社交品牌参与度, 而成就感则提升了认知品牌参与度。认知品牌参与度仅影响品牌忠诚度, 而不影响品牌认知度; 然而, 情感和社交品牌参与度对品牌认知度和忠诚度都有显著影响。

本研究填补了旅游和酒店行业中关于游戏化的实证研究的空白, 特别是针对OTAs的研究。

The purpose of this study is to examine the appropriate components and sub-components of Muslim-friendly hospital practices that comply with Islamic medical ethics and Sharia requirements.

A systematic literature review procedure based on the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses publication standards was used to analyse and identify the precise components and sub-components of Muslim-friendly hospital practices from 239 shortlisted papers.

The study revealed that Sharia compliance prescription, Islamic infrastructure, Islamic medical practices, compassion and support, competencies of Islamic medical services, conducive Islamic surroundings, reasonable and convenience services and Islamic work culture are important elements that need to be in practice by Muslim-friendly hospital providers.

This study focuses on studies conducted between January 2010 to August 2022 from the Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar databases. This study contributes to the literature through the identification of eight main components and 53 sub-components that were found to be the core and essential determinants in the establishment of the Muslim-friendly hospital practices framework.

The proposed Muslim-friendly hospital practices framework are envisaged to motivate policymakers in Malaysia and Indonesia as well as other Muslim countries to implement the proposed framework through a greater number of supportive legislative measures as well as practical promotion and education policies to further enhance the market.

The number of health-care providers contemplating the integration of Islamic or Muslim-friendly practices into their strategic plans and daily operations is continuously increasing. However, the dearth of studies that provide conclusive evidence of the correct determinants of Muslim-friendly hospital practices that ensure strict Islamic medical ethics and Sharia-compliant service delivery standards had created an impediment that needs to be addressed urgently.

This study explores tourist loyalty as a key for marketing Muslim destinations by integrating experience quality, innovation, smart technology and environmental concerns as determinants.

A quantitative research approach was applied by gathering data from 442 inbound Muslim tourists who visited various tourist destinations in Indonesia. PLS-SEM was utilized to examine the hypothesized association between the construct variables.

The data analysis reveals that the inclusion of smart technology and environmental concerns strengthens the innovation-quality-loyalty model. Specifically, this study highlights that smart tourism technology, and environmental concerns are essential to drive the quality of destination innovation and tourist holistic experience, which subsequently impact tourist loyalty.

This study provides hints to the marketing managers of Muslim tourist destinations to make their destination sustainable by creating loyalty among their Muslim visitors. In order to achieve this target, Muslim destinations are suggested to utilize smart technology and create environmentally friendly destinations to push innovation.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first examination of the amalgamating innovation-quality-loyalty model with smart tourism technology and environmental concerns in the context of halal tourism.