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Article
Publication date: 13 March 2019

Hsiu-Hua Chang, Scott J. Vitell and Long-Chuan Lu

Since East Asian Confucian societies are relational societies that view harmonious relationships with others as important, the issue of consumer ethics has received considerable…

616

Abstract

Purpose

Since East Asian Confucian societies are relational societies that view harmonious relationships with others as important, the issue of consumer ethics has received considerable attention in the quest to improve the effectiveness of business transactions. This is especially true of China, a large developing country with many business investment opportunities. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationships between consumer ethical beliefs and the personality traits of consumer relationship proneness, religiousness, attitude toward business and love of money, which are seldom explored in the literature.

Design/methodology/approach

The sample is collected by systematic sampling in China and a sample of 434 individuals is surveyed. This study performs confirmatory factor analysis to examine the reliability and validity and then uses the evaluation of the structural equation model exhibited a good fit between the model and the observed data to test the hypotheses via LISREL 8.7.

Findings

Findings show that individuals with stronger relationship proneness and high religiousness tend to more strongly consider many questionable consumer practices as unacceptable. Attitude toward business and love of money partially impact consumer unethical beliefs.

Originality/value

While there cultural differences between East Asian and western societies, consumer relationship proneness and the three other constructs featuring Chinese characteristics should be considered a vital personality in Chinese society. The results of this study offer findings which are not fully consistent with the findings of studies conducted in other countries and can improve friendly relationship marketing practices with Chinese consumers. More research is necessary to understand consumer ethical behavior in the varied cultures of Asia.

Details

Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, vol. 31 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1355-5855

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Article
Publication date: 1 June 2001

Casey L. Donoho, Michael J. Polonsky, Scott Roberts and David A. Cohen

Confirms the empirical test of Hunt and Vitell’s general theory of marketing ethics by Mayo and Marks across four cultures. Uses path analysis to show the core relationships of…

1794

Abstract

Confirms the empirical test of Hunt and Vitell’s general theory of marketing ethics by Mayo and Marks across four cultures. Uses path analysis to show the core relationships of the general theory of marketing ethics were successfully replicated using over 1,500 students from seven universities in the USA, Canada, the Netherlands, and Australia. States that tomorrow’s managers appeared to use a more deontological approach to making ethical judgements about personal selling. Extends its original research by confirming the positive relationship between the probability and the desirability of consequences. Concludes that, although the model was originally intended to explain management ethical decision making, the study shows that it may be possible to generalize as to how individuals make ethical life decisions.

Details

Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, vol. 13 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1355-5855

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Article
Publication date: 1 April 2001

Scott J. Vitell, Anusorn Singhapakdi and James Thomas

Analyzes how consumers make decisions involving ethical issues. In particular, investigates the extent to which consumers rely on ethical norms (deontology) versus the perceived

10349

Abstract

Analyzes how consumers make decisions involving ethical issues. In particular, investigates the extent to which consumers rely on ethical norms (deontology) versus the perceived consequences of behaviors (teleology) in forming their ethical judgments and in determining behavioral intentions in situations involving ethical issues. The results based upon three studies, including a national sample of adult consumers, reveal that consumers tend to rely primarily on ethical norms and less on perceived consequences in forming ethical judgments. Results also indicate that consumers, to a large degree, rely primarily on ethical norms in determining their behavioral intentions in situations involving ethical issues. Finally, a number of personal characteristics were tested as moderating variables, but results were generally inconclusive, despite some evidence that education and religiosity may be moderators.

Details

Journal of Consumer Marketing, vol. 18 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0736-3761

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Article
Publication date: 19 October 2018

Foo Nin Ho, Hui-Ming Deanna Wang, Nga Ho-Dac and Scott J. Vitell

Firm size has been identified as one of the most important correlates with corporate social performance (CSP). Both conceptual and empirical research has been done to try to…

753

Abstract

Purpose

Firm size has been identified as one of the most important correlates with corporate social performance (CSP). Both conceptual and empirical research has been done to try to explicate and determine this relationship; however, the results from both theoretical and empirical research have indicated a mixed and sometimes inconsistent relationship because of endogeneity between firm size and CSP. This paper aims to add to the body of knowledge by identifying and addressing some of the limitations in determining the relationship between firm size and CSP.

Design/methodology/approach

Using the Arellano–Bond method to control for the endogeneity, this study tests the relationship between CSP and firm size using a panel of 380 public companies of various sizes; in various industry types; and across 19 countries in North America, Europe and Asia over a six-year period.

Findings

The results of the study show that firm size positively influences CSP and its subcomponents when endogeneity has been controlled for.

Research limitations/implications

This study lends support for the theory of the firm framework that CSP attributes are embedded in the production process that leads to higher economies of scale, and the resource-based view of firms where firms that possess valuable and inimitable resources in CSR can lead to a sustainable competitive advantage over competitors. This suggests that as firms grow in size, they can leverage their resources to achieve greater economies of scale that will lead to better CSP over time.

Originality/value

This study addresses the potential endogeneity problem between firm size and CSP and offers a broader testing context.

Details

Social Responsibility Journal, vol. 15 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1747-1117

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Article
Publication date: 1 December 2005

Charles W. Ford, Sarath A. Nonis and Gail I. Hudson

Given the in creasing globalisation of economies, a growing number of marketing firms are expecting more of their profits to be derived from international sales. However, failure…

3432

Abstract

Given the in creasing globalisation of economies, a growing number of marketing firms are expecting more of their profits to be derived from international sales. However, failure to account for or understand the effects of differences in consumers' cultural values on decision‐making will hinder a marketer's efforts to expand internationally. Using samples of Middle‐eastern and US consumers, the study found cultural values and consumer ethical beliefs to be significantly different between the two groups. In addition, these cultural values explained a significant part of the variation in consumer ethical beliefs in both cultures.

Details

Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, vol. 12 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1352-7606

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Article
Publication date: 1 August 1995

Anusorn Singhapakdi, Kumar C. Rallapalli, C.P. Rao and Scott J. Vitell

Cultural differences in moral judgements are generally recognizedby marketing ethicists. Attempts to investigate the issue ofcross‐cultural ethical differences by comparing US…

3254

Abstract

Cultural differences in moral judgements are generally recognized by marketing ethicists. Attempts to investigate the issue of cross‐cultural ethical differences by comparing US marketers and Thai marketers with respect to their professional and personal values. A self‐administered questionnaire was used as the data collection technique. Results indicate that US marketers are significantly different from Thai marketers based on the combination of professional and personal values.

Details

International Marketing Review, vol. 12 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0265-1335

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Article
Publication date: 1 December 1997

Jamal A. Al‐Khatib, Scott J. Vitell and Mohammed Y.A. Rawwas

In recent years, business ethics has drawn increased interest from business and marketing practitioners as well as from academicians. Despite the repeated call in the literature…

7742

Abstract

In recent years, business ethics has drawn increased interest from business and marketing practitioners as well as from academicians. Despite the repeated call in the literature for cross‐cultural research in this age of globalization, virtually no studies have examined the ethical beliefs and ideologies of foreign consumers and compared them to those of US consumers. Investigates the ethical beliefs, preferred ethical ideology and degree of Machiavellianism of US versus Egyptian consumers. Concludes that while US consumers appear generally less likely to accept various questionable consumer practices than Egyptian consumers, they are more likely to reject moral absolutes.

Details

European Journal of Marketing, vol. 31 no. 11/12
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0309-0566

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Publication date: 1 January 2005

Shelby D. Hunt and Robert M. Morgan

Abstract

Details

Review of Marketing Research
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-0-85724-723-0

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Article
Publication date: 1 December 1994

Anusorn Singhapakdi, Scott J. Vitell and Orose Leelakulthanit

Moral philosophers and marketing ethicists generally agree thatvariations in moral judgements exist between different cultures.Compares American marketers with Thai marketers with…

3423

Abstract

Moral philosophers and marketing ethicists generally agree that variations in moral judgements exist between different cultures. Compares American marketers with Thai marketers with respect to their moral philoso‐phies, ethical perceptions, and ethical judgements. The results based on a survey of members of the American Marketing Association and the Thai Marketing Association indicate that American marketers are both less idealistic and less relativistic than Thai marketers. In addition, the survey results reveal that American marketers differ from Thai marketers with respect to their perceptions of ethical problems, and ethical judgements.

Details

International Marketing Review, vol. 11 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0265-1335

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Article
Publication date: 7 June 2019

Shelby D. Hunt

The purpose of this paper is to provide a retrospection on the importance, origins and development of the research programs in the author’s career.

458

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to provide a retrospection on the importance, origins and development of the research programs in the author’s career.

Design/methodology/approach

The study uses an autobiographical approach.

Findings

Most of the articles, research monographs and books that constitute this research and publishing efforts can be categorized into seven distinct, but related, research programs: channels of distribution; marketing theory; marketing’s philosophy debates; macromarketing and ethics; relationship marketing; resource-advantage theory; and marketing management and strategy. The value system that has guided these research programs has been shaped by specific events that took place in the author’s formative years. This essay chronicles these events and the origins and development of the seven research programs.

Originality/value

Chronicling the importance, origins and development of the seven research programs will hopefully motivate and assist other scholars in developing their own research programs.

Details

Journal of Historical Research in Marketing, vol. 11 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1755-750X

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