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Article
Publication date: 1 February 1990

Scott Goddard

One of the practical difficulties of international capital budgeting is how to incorporate political risk into the decision process. This paper examines the nature of political…

530

Abstract

One of the practical difficulties of international capital budgeting is how to incorporate political risk into the decision process. This paper examines the nature of political risk and the use of analytical techniques in the evaluation of such risk. Questionnaire and interview findings from a survey of UK multinational companies suggest that corporate practice differs from the theoretical ‘textbook’ treatment of this type of risk.

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Managerial Finance, vol. 16 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0307-4358

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Article
Publication date: 1 July 1982

The past decade has seen the laser progress from being a sophisticated laboratory instrument to becoming a viable and versatile industrial tool. Lasers are now capable of…

39

Abstract

The past decade has seen the laser progress from being a sophisticated laboratory instrument to becoming a viable and versatile industrial tool. Lasers are now capable of performing a wide range of highly complex and exacting tasks such as cutting stainless steel, welding titanium and refixing a detached retina to the human eye.

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Industrial Management & Data Systems, vol. 82 no. 7/8
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0263-5577

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Article
Publication date: 1 January 1982

World Economy Forecast for 1982. A slight improvement in the world economy is forecast by Bank of America's World Economic Outlook 1982. Western Europe will recover slowly from…

35

Abstract

World Economy Forecast for 1982. A slight improvement in the world economy is forecast by Bank of America's World Economic Outlook 1982. Western Europe will recover slowly from recession in the second half of the year, according to the bank's economists, while economies of countries in Eastern Europe and the Middle East will be sluggish. A global economic growth rate of 2.4 per cent, compared with 2.0 per cent in 1981, is forecast. With key governments maintaining anti‐inflation, moderate growth policies, economic expansion will be relatively slow at first; however, there will be improvement in real growth after mid‐year as inflation eases. Global inflation will decline from approximately 14 per cent projected for 1981 to about 12 per cent in 1982. World trade is expected to increase by 2.5 per cent.

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Industrial Management & Data Systems, vol. 82 no. 1/2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0263-5577

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Article
Publication date: 1 February 1990

Mark Wilson

This paper presents the results of an empirical investigation into the capital budgeting practices of UK multinationals for foreign direct investment, with particular reference to…

367

Abstract

This paper presents the results of an empirical investigation into the capital budgeting practices of UK multinationals for foreign direct investment, with particular reference to the use of a conceptual framework of risk and return. Drawing upon Robock's (1965) criticisms of the lack of a conceptual framework for businessmen within which to make international financing and capital budgeting decisions, we assess briefly the developments in the theoretical framework of risk and return since Robock's address. We then review the existing empirical literature (mainly from America) and combine this with our own research involving 59 UK multinationals, to conclude that the developments in the theoretical framework of risk and return have not been translated into practice. We offer suggestions as to why this is the case.

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Managerial Finance, vol. 16 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0307-4358

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Book part
Publication date: 30 November 2020

Victoria Marshall and Chris Goddard

In this chapter, the authors focus on a range of Australian news articles selected for their relevance to key themes in the area of child abuse and examine two high profile cases…

Abstract

In this chapter, the authors focus on a range of Australian news articles selected for their relevance to key themes in the area of child abuse and examine two high profile cases of child abuse deaths that were extensively reported on by the media and led to system reform. Challenges for media reporting on child abuse in Australia including a changing media landscape, lack of available child abuse data and lack of publicly available serious case reviews are discussed. The authors argue that there is a need for attention to be paid to children's resistance and agency in the context of violence and abuse to counter the objectification of children and uphold their rights. Following Finkelhor (2008), the authors argue that media reporting on child abuse in Australia reflects a general approach to child abuse that is fragmented, with different types of abuse viewed as separate from one another, and call for a more integrated understanding of child abuse. The authors highlight the complexity of media responses to child abuse in Australia, noting that while the social problem of child abuse can be misrepresented by the media, media reporting has also triggered significant systemic reform and advocated for children in cases where other systems failed them.

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Gendered Domestic Violence and Abuse in Popular Culture
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-83867-781-7

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Book part
Publication date: 15 October 2015

Andrew Goddard and Siasa Issa Mzenzi

This paper examines accounting practices and legitimacy in Tanzanian Local Government Authorities (LGAs).

Abstract

Purpose

This paper examines accounting practices and legitimacy in Tanzanian Local Government Authorities (LGAs).

Methodology/approach

It uses data from multiple sources, including interviews, observations and documents, to provide theoretical and practical understanding on how accounting has been practiced and the conditions which sustain its undertaking. It applies a grounded theory method to develop a theory systematically from the raw data.

Findings

The principal research findings from the data concern the central phenomenon of ‘manipulating legitimacy’. This involved the purposeful and deliberate use of accounting techniques to influence and control (and sometimes even to falsify) the perceived reasonableness of the Councils’ operations. The paper revealed that the effective operations of the Tanzanian LGAs were highly constrained by their context. This had forced the LGAs’ officials to use important accounting practices such as budgeting, financial reporting, auditing and performance measurement, to manipulate the organisational legitimacy, a process which ensured the availability of resources to both LGAs and the individual officials.

Research limitations/implications

The main limitation of the research is that the data was collected from a limited number of local authorities in just one developing country. It is hoped that future research in other developing countries will be undertaken to broaden and deepen our understanding.

Originality/value

The paper identifies the importance of manipulating legitimacy in understanding accounting practices in local government.

Details

The Public Sector Accounting, Accountability and Auditing in Emerging Economies
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78441-662-1

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Article
Publication date: 1 November 2007

Getu Hailu, Scott R. Jeffrey and Ellen W. Goddard

This paper examines the cost structure and cost efficiency for an unbalanced sample of 42 animal feed and 115 farm petroleum co‐operatives in Canada over the period 1984‐2001…

704

Abstract

This paper examines the cost structure and cost efficiency for an unbalanced sample of 42 animal feed and 115 farm petroleum co‐operatives in Canada over the period 1984‐2001 using heterogeneous technology stochastic frontier models. The parameter estimates of the cost frontier and the resulting cost efficiency scores indicate there are statistically and economically significant cost inefficiencies. Further analysis revealed that financial structure and firm size have likely contributed to variations in cost efficiency. Obtaining sufficient equity capital is expected to improve co‐operative efficiency

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Agricultural Finance Review, vol. 67 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0002-1466

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Article
Publication date: 11 May 2010

Alan J. Daly, Nienke M. Moolenaar, Jose M. Bolivar and Peggy Burke

Scholars have focused their attention on systemic reform as a way to support instructional coherence. These efforts are often layered on to existing social relationships between…

6814

Abstract

Purpose

Scholars have focused their attention on systemic reform as a way to support instructional coherence. These efforts are often layered on to existing social relationships between school staff that are rarely taken into account when enacting reform. Social network theory posits that the structure of social relationships may influence the direction, speed, and depth of organizational change and therefore may provide valuable insights in the social forces that may support or constrain reform efforts. This study aims to discuss this issue.

Design/methodology/approach

This mixed‐methods exploratory case study examined five schools within one under‐performing school district as it enacted a system‐wide reform. Quantitative survey data were collected to assess social networks and teacher work perception of five schools enacting the reform. Qualitative data were gathered through individual interviews from educators within representative grade levels as a way to better understand the diffusion and implementation of the reform.

Findings

Despite being enacted as a system‐wide reform effort, the results suggest significant variance within and between schools in terms of reform‐related social networks. These networks were significantly related to the uptake, depth, and spread of the change. Densely connected grade levels were also associated with more interactions focused on teaching and learning and an increased sense of grade level efficacy.

Practical implications

The findings underline the importance of attending to relational linkages as a complementary strategy to the technical emphasis of reform efforts, as social networks were found to significantly facilitate or constrain reform efforts. Implications and recommendations are offered for leadership, policy and practice that may support the design and implementation of reforms, which may ultimately increase student performance.

Originality/value

The study makes a unique contribution to the reform literature by drawing on social network theory as a way to understand efforts at reform. The work suggests that the informal social linkages on which reform is layered may support or constrain the depth of reform.

Details

Journal of Educational Administration, vol. 48 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0957-8234

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Article
Publication date: 1 October 2005

Timothy G. Cybulski, Wayne K. Hoy and Scott R. Sweetland

Public schools in the USA face increased pressures for more accountability and improved performance. The objective of this study was to wed two previously separated theoretical…

2787

Abstract

Purpose

Public schools in the USA face increased pressures for more accountability and improved performance. The objective of this study was to wed two previously separated theoretical strands of educational research – economic theory and organizational theory – by using variables from each theory base to develop, compare, and test a series of explanatory models of student achievement.

Design/methodology/approach

A diverse set of schools was provided by 146 elementary schools in Ohio. Teachers in sample schools provided data on the collective efficacy of their schools and the Ohio Department of Education supplied demographic and achievement data. An ex post facto design was used to test a theoretical set of hypotheses and several structural models. Data were collected from the teachers in each school during regularly scheduled faculty meetings and analyzed using correlation analysis and structural equation modeling.

Findings

Collective efficacy of teachers in these elementary schools had a positive direct effect on student reading and mathematics achievement, even when controlling for SES and prior achievement; however, school efficiency was unrelated to both collective efficacy of teachers and student achievement.

Originality/value

This study weds two previously separated theoretical strands of educational research – economic theory and organizational theory – by using variables from each theory base to develop, compare, and test a series of explanatory models of student achievement.

Details

Journal of Educational Administration, vol. 43 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0957-8234

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Article
Publication date: 1 May 2019

Curt M. Adams and Jentre J. Olsen

Limited attention to messages transmitted between principals and teachers led to the general question for this study: is principal support of student psychological needs related…

425

Abstract

Purpose

Limited attention to messages transmitted between principals and teachers led to the general question for this study: is principal support of student psychological needs related to functional social conditions within the instructional core? Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to define principal support of student psychological needs and explain its leadership function through the lens of conversation theory. Without much empirical evidence to draw from, a theoretical argument for how principal support of student psychological needs might influence the features of the teaching and learning environment is advanced then tested empirically.

Design/methodology/approach

Hypotheses were tested using a non-experimental, correlational research design based on ex-post facto data collected from teachers and students in 93 schools in a metropolitan city of the USA. Data were collected in the spring of 2017 from randomly sampled teachers and students in the 93 schools. Usable responses were received from 1,168 teachers, yielding a response rate of 66 percent. A total of 4,523 students received surveys and usable responses were received from 3,301, yielding a response rate of 73 percent. Multi-level modeling was used to analyze the data.

Findings

Principal support of student psychological needs was related to school-level differences in faculty trust in students, collective teacher efficacy and student perceived autonomy support. Leadership practices surrounding professional development and instructional coherence had moderately strong, positive relationships with the outcome variables; however, the strength of these relationships diminished when principal support was included in the analysis.

Originality/value

The argument in this study proposes that principal–teacher conversations enhance leadership practices and support a vibrant and engaging instructional core when intentional messages build mental representations that enable teachers to understand sources of optimal student growth. Such use of conversation extends the functionality of principal–teacher interactions beyond that of teacher control and toward an ongoing sense-making and learning process.

Details

Journal of Educational Administration, vol. 57 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0957-8234

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