Dinesh Kumar, Satnam Singh and Surjit Angra
This study aims to investigate the corrosion behavior of stir-cast hybrid aluminum composite reinforced with CeO2 and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) nanoparticulates used as…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to investigate the corrosion behavior of stir-cast hybrid aluminum composite reinforced with CeO2 and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) nanoparticulates used as cylinder liner material in the engines (automotive, aerospace and aircraft industries).
Design/methodology/approach
The composites were prepared using the stir-casting technique, and their microstructure and corrosion behavior was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and potentiodynamic polarization test, respectively.
Findings
The results showed that the addition of CeO2 and GNPs improved the corrosion resistance of the composites, and the optimal combination of these two nanoparticles was found to be 3 wt.% CeO2 and 3 wt.% GNPs. The enhanced corrosion resistance was attributed to the formation of a protective layer on the surface of the composite, as well as the effective dispersion and uniform distribution of nanoparticles in the matrix. The 0.031362 was noted as the lowest corrosion rate (mmpy) and was noticed in 94% Al-6061 alloy + (3 Wt.% CeO2 + 3 Wt.% GNPs) sample at room temperature and at elevated temperatures; the corrosion rate (mmpy) was observed as 0.0601 and 0.0636 at 45 °C and 75 °C, respectively.
Originality/value
In the vast majority of the published research publications, either cerium oxide or graphene nanoplatelets were utilized as a single reinforcement or in conjunction with other types of reinforcement such as alumina, silicon carbide, carbon nano-tubes, tungsten carbide, etc., but on the combination of the CeO2 and GNPs as reinforcements have very less literatures with 2 wt.% each only. The prepared hybrid aluminum composite (reinforcing 1 wt.% to 3 wt.% in Al-6061 alloy) was considered for replacing the cylinder liner material in the piston-cylinder arrangement of engines.
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Dinesh Kumar, Surjit Angra and Satnam Singh
This research outlines the development and characterization of advanced composite materials and their potential applications in the aerospace industry for interior applications…
Abstract
Purpose
This research outlines the development and characterization of advanced composite materials and their potential applications in the aerospace industry for interior applications. Advanced composites, such as carbon-fiber-reinforced polymers and ceramic matrix composites, offer significant advantages over traditional metallic materials in terms of weight reduction, stiffness and strength. These materials have been used in various aerospace applications, including aircraft, engines and thermal protection systems.
Design/methodology/approach
The development of design of experiment–based hybrid aluminum composites using the stir-casting technique has further enhanced the performance and cost-effectiveness of these materials. The design of the experiment was followed to fabricate hybrid composites with nano cerium oxide (nCeO2) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) as reinforcements in the Al-6061 matrix.
Findings
The Al6061 + 3% nCeO2 + 3% GNPs exhibited a high hardness of 119.6 VHN. The ultimate tensile strength and yield strength are 113.666 MPa and 73.08 MPa, respectively. A uniform distribution of reinforcement particulates was achieved with 3 Wt.% of each reinforcement in the matrix material, which is analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. Fractography revealed that brittle and ductile fractures caused the failure of the fractured specimens in the tensile test.
Practical implications
The manufactured aluminum composite can be applied in a range of exterior and interior structural parts like wings, wing boxes, motors, gears, engines, antennas, floor beams, etc. The fan case material of the GEnx engine (currently using carbon-fiber reinforcement plastic) for the Boeing 7E7 can be another replacement with manufactured hybrid aluminum composite, which predicts weight savings per engine of close to 120 kg.
Originality/value
The development of hybrid reinforcements, where two or more types of reinforcements are used in combination, is also a novel approach to improving the properties of these composites. Advanced composite materials are known for their high strength-to-weight ratio. If the newly developed composite material demonstrates superior properties, it can potentially be used to replace traditional materials in aircraft manufacturing. By reducing the weight of aircraft structures, fuel efficiency can be improved, leading to reduced operating costs and environmental impact. This allows for a more customized solution for specific application requirements and can lead to further advancements in materials science and technology.
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Sarbjeet Kaushal and Satnam Singh
The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of slurry erosion at different parameters on plasma sprayed Cr3C2 coated 13Cr4Ni turbine steel and compare the results of coated…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of slurry erosion at different parameters on plasma sprayed Cr3C2 coated 13Cr4Ni turbine steel and compare the results of coated steel with bare steel.
Design/methodology/approach
Cr3C2 + 25NiCr coating was successfully developed on 13Cr4Ni turbine steel using plasma spraying method. The slurry erosion test was performed using a simulated erosion testing rig. The commercially available silica sand was used as abrasive media and the effect of concentration (ppm), average particle sizes and rotational speed on the slurry erosion behavior were studied at 300 and 900 impact angles. Developed coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscope, XRD, EDS and micro hardness tests and study of erosion wear.
Findings
Results revealed that three times higher hardness of coatings was obtained because of the hard phases of chromium carbide and nickel carbide, which restricted the abrasive wear in comparison to uncoated steel. Lower abrasive wear was observed at 900 impact angle coupled with lower levels of slurry concentration and rotational speed. Further, it was observed that initially cumulative mass loss rate was high which gets stabilized after the surface become smooth and on exposing for higher periods. Overall results indicated that erosive wear was reduced significantly by the application of developed coating.
Originality/value
The developed plasma sprayed coating is very useful to enhance the service life of turbine steel by lowering the effect of slurry erosion.
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The purpose of this paper is to examine what use has been made of civil recovery legislation in the first three years of its existence and to explain the legal issues which have…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine what use has been made of civil recovery legislation in the first three years of its existence and to explain the legal issues which have been raised before the courts so far. It also examines the legislative and non‐legislative changes to the civil recovery scheme since it is commencement in 2003.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper uses examples from amongst those cases initiated by the Assets Recovery Agency and draws on both reported and unreported court rulings.
Findings
The civil recovery cases brought against property by the Assets Recovery Agency may be classified into six categories: where a potential criminal defendant has died and is therefore beyond prosecution; where a criminal defendant has been acquitted; where a criminal defendant was convicted but the confiscation hearing failed; where the respondent is not within the jurisdiction; where the owner of the property is uncertain; and where a respondent is unprosecutable due to insufficient evidence.
Originality/value
The paper provides a useful framework for law enforcement agencies which are considering what type of cases they may useful refer for possible civil proceedings by the Agency. The paper also sets out for practitioners a useful summary of the civil recovery jurisprudence which has so far developed.
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This chapter argues that the National Basketball Association (NBA) and American mainstream sporting media produce and mediate a representation of India as underdeveloped and as an…
Abstract
This chapter argues that the National Basketball Association (NBA) and American mainstream sporting media produce and mediate a representation of India as underdeveloped and as an unmodern subject/nation as a way to enter the Indian basketball marketplace. The chapter emphasizes that the NBA produces the attendant discourse of the ‘white saviour’ through a multi-pronged process. The chapter shows how it draws upon the legacies of British colonialism, along with the expansion of US imperialism, to construct India in particular racialised ways as backward, unmodern, and not cosmopolitan. In this respect, Black NBA players’ modes of basketball reach India as part of the racialisation of Indian basketball. Finally, the chapter engages with the larger global circuits of race and racialisation to understand how India is then imagined within the US sporting landscape. This chapter underscores the capitalist desires of the NBA alongside the desires of South Asian Americans for an Indian basketball hero. Both desires, institutional and personal, showcase racialisation at work. The NBA uses the language and performance of Judeo-Christian modernity through NBA players in India to racialise Indians as in need of NBA mentorship and upliftment. On other hand, diasporic Indians in the US dream of an Indian NBA player as a way to unravel, destabilise, and challenge their racialisation as hypo-masculine subjects. These competing forms of racialisation provide important information on the global flows of capital, desire, and sport.
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Amit Sharma, Manish Garg and Satnam Singh
The purpose of this paper is to develop hybrid aluminum metal matrix composite by stir casting process, reinforced with graphite and hard boron carbide particles to enhance the…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop hybrid aluminum metal matrix composite by stir casting process, reinforced with graphite and hard boron carbide particles to enhance the wear resistance. An attempt is made to optimize the wear (weight loss) and coefficient of friction (COF) by considering three factors, i.e. normal load, track diameter and sliding speed which were varied at three different levels.
Design/methodology/approach
The effect of graphite and boron carbide on microhardness was studied by adding them in varying percentages. After determining the best combination of hybrid reinforcements, optimization of wear (weight loss) and COF was carried out at various levels of considered factors. Taguchi design of experiments was used using the software “Minitab 16.1”. ANOVA was used to analyze the effect of various parameters on wear and COF. To validate the results, mathematical modeling was carried out in terms of regression equations and results obtained by regression equations.
Findings
The results revealed that the lower weight percentage of graphite (3 per cent) and boron carbide (1 per cent) significantly improved microhardness of developed composites. Results of ANOVA revealed that normal load was the main contributing factor for wear and COF. The results obtained by regression equations and confirmatory tests were within the results obtained by ANOVA.
Originality/value
To the best of the author’s knowledge, very less work has been reported on optimization of wear and COF using hybrid reinforcement particles of graphite and boron carbide.
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The purpose of this paper is to increase the awareness of attorneys-at-law about the potential risks that they may encounter as a result of the developments in “intermeddler…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to increase the awareness of attorneys-at-law about the potential risks that they may encounter as a result of the developments in “intermeddler liability”. The article is also aimed at informing attorneys about the Proceeds of Crime Act (POCA) civil recovery machinery.
Design/methodology/approach
The article is divided into two parts. The first part involves an analysis of the provisions in the POCA of Jamaica that invoke a civil machinery to recover criminally obtained wealth. In addition to a review of the main provisions of POCA, an examination of recent cases in Jamaica and in the UK, which has a similar legislative regime, has been undertaken. The legislative framework for providing a remedy to a victim of crime has also been examined. The second part of the article explores developments in the law of restitution and the law relating to constructive trusts which may impact lawyers and financial intermediaries who become engaged in transactions dealing with illicit funds.
Findings
The first aspect of the article focuses on the ability of the Asset Recovery Agency to follow and recover illicitly obtained property in the absence of a criminal conviction. In the second part of the article, the evolution of the law relating to “intermeddler liability”, that is, knowing receipt and dishonest assistance, has been explored. It is observed that these developments are significant in providing a victim of financial crime with a remedy where the illicit activity involves a breach of trust or other fiduciary relationship.
Originality/value
Much of the focus on anti-money laundering initiatives in Jamaica is on the money laundering offence and post-conviction orders under POCA. This article seeks to highlight the power of the civil law in countering serious crime.
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The case highlights the ethical dilemmas people face in various business situations. The case throws light on the causes and consequences of violation and the problems related to…
Abstract
Subject area
The case highlights the ethical dilemmas people face in various business situations. The case throws light on the causes and consequences of violation and the problems related to enforcement of shared organizational values/code of conduct.
Study level/applicability
This case can be used in courses on human resource management, OB and corporate ethics and is suitable for the postgraduate and undergraduate students of business schools.
Case overview
The case narrates the dilemma faced by the Vice President of human resources (VP-HR) of a company when he discovered a major violation of the company's code of conduct by the Vice President of research and development (VP-R&D). The VP-R&D is almost indispensable to the company given his unique expertise and criticality of the new Design Centre which he is spearheading single-handedly. Sacking the VP-R&D has the potential of delaying commissioning of the new centre and putting new business wins in jeopardy. On the other hand, not taking any action may erode employees faith in code of conduct and company values. The VP-HR must decide fast whether and how to take action on gross violation of company's code of conduct.
Expected learning outcomes
The students will gain understanding of shared organizational values, code of conduct and ethics, know about the causes and consequences of violation of shared values, discover ways to institutionalize shared organizational values and resolve ethical dilemma.
Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.
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Prabhdeep Singh and Rajbir Kaur
The purpose of this paper is to provide more accurate structure that allows the estimation of coronavirus (COVID-19) at a very early stage with ultra-low latency. The machine…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide more accurate structure that allows the estimation of coronavirus (COVID-19) at a very early stage with ultra-low latency. The machine learning algorithms are used to evaluate the past medical details of the patients and forecast COVID-19 positive cases, which can aid in lowering costs and distinctively enhance the standard of treatment at hospitals.
Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, artificial intelligence (AI) and cloud/fog computing are integrated to strengthen COVID-19 patient prediction. A delay-sensitive efficient framework for the prediction of COVID-19 at an early stage is proposed. A novel similarity measure-based random forest classifier is proposed to increase the efficiency of the framework.
Findings
The performance of the framework is checked with various quality of service parameters such as delay, network usage, RAM usages and energy consumption, whereas classification accuracy, recall, precision, kappa static and root mean square error is used for the proposed classifier. Results show the effectiveness of the proposed framework.
Originality/value
AI and cloud/fog computing are integrated to strengthen COVID-19 patient prediction. A novel similarity measure-based random forest classifier with more than 80% accuracy is proposed to increase the efficiency of the framework.
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In recent decades, it has become clear that the major economic, political, and social problems in the world require contemporary development research to examine intersections of…
Abstract
In recent decades, it has become clear that the major economic, political, and social problems in the world require contemporary development research to examine intersections of race and class in the global economy. Theorists in the Black Radical Tradition (BRT) were the first to develop and advance a powerful research agenda that integrated race–class analyses of capitalist development. However, over time, progressive waves of research streams in development studies have successively stripped these concepts from their analyses. Post-1950s, class analyses of development overlapped with some important features of the BRT, but removed race. Post-1990s, ethnicity-based analyses of development excised both race and class. In this chapter, I discuss what we learn about capitalist development using the integrated race–class analyses of the BRT, and how jettisoning these concepts weakens our understanding of the political economy of development. To remedy our current knowledge gaps, I call for applying insights of the BRT to our analyses of the development trajectories of nations.