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Caste is the basic structural feature of Hindu society; all social scientists are agreed on this. Since Hinduism is generally recognised to be as much a social system as a religion, its social framework embodying caste rituals has governed the lives of the majority of Indians for hundreds of years. Having deep roots in tradition and enjoying sanction in all religious literature belonging to the pre‐British era, caste has been the dominant principle of social organisation since ancient times. In fact, barring the recent past, Hinduism has always been identified in the minds of most Indians with caste observances. Writes R.C. Zaehner: “…until a century or so ago the acceptance of the caste system was considered by the orthodox to be the sole effective criterion of whether one was or was not a Hindu. In matters of belief it mattered not at all whether one believed in one god or many, or not at all, nor did it much matter on how one interpreted ‘liberation’ or whether one rejected it outright so long as one fulfilled the duties prescribed for one's caste.”

Cartosat‐1 is the first Indian Remote Sensing satellite, developed for topographic mapping, able to collect in‐track high‐resolution stereo images with a 2.5 m pixel size. In the framework of the Cartosat‐1 Scientific Assessment Programme (C‐SAP), the Politecnico di Milano University (Italy) evaluated the performances of the Cartosat‐1 satellite in the generation of digital terrain models (DTMs) from stereo‐couples. The purpose of this paper is to describe in detail the outcomes for the Salon de Provence (France) test site, with respect to existing standards and products actually used in France and also to provide a comparison with the global Shuttle Radar Topography Mission's DTM freely available from by NASA.

The Cartosat‐1 data processing was done using the commercial off‐the‐shelf software ENVI®, selected for investigating the capabilities and limits of the system using standard image processing tools, so from the point of view of a typical remote sensing user. The data processing involved the following aspects: data pre‐processing; optimization of the DTM's extraction procedure; analysis of the influence of ground control points' (GCPs) in the generated DTMs; analysis of the influence of the DTM's resolution in the elevation accuracy; and post‐processing refinement.

When generating relative DTMs an error was observed in elevation of some hundreds of meters. After georeferencing, the root mean square error (RMSE) was between 9.0 and 14.2 m and the LE90 between 16.1 and 19.0 m. When generating absolute DTMs, the optimum number of GCPs was found to be 9, with a regular geometric distribution (4.6 m RMSE and 6.5 m LE90 for 10 m grid cell size). Post‐processing may be applied to enhance results (1.6 m RMSE and 2.0 m LE90 for 10 m grid cell size). In this case, the absolute DTMs fulfilled and also overcame the standards required for the IGNs and Spot Image's Reference 3D®.

This paper describes the outcomes of the C‐SAP led by the International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing and the Indian Space Research Organisation for evaluating the capabilities of the last Cartosat‐1 satellite. The aim is to provide remote sensing users a comprehensive study about the potentialities and limits of the Cartosat‐1 images for multi‐resolution DTM generation (from 5 to 90 m grid cell size).

While going for mergers and acquisitions (M&A) management smell financial synergy or/and operating synergy in different ways. But actually are they able to generate that potential synergy or not, is the important issue. The aim of this study is to find out whether the claims made by the corporate sector while going for M&As to generate synergy, are being achieved or not in Indian context.

This empirical study is based on secondary financial data and tabulation, ratio analysis, correlation etc. is being used for analysis.

The results indicate that in many cases of M&As, the acquiring firms were able to generate synergy in long run, that may be in the form of higher cash flow, more business, diversification, cost cuttings etc.

The research shows that management cannot take it for granted that synergy can be generated and profits can be increased simply by going for mergers and acquisitions. A case study based research parallel to this study could be initiated to get nearer to reality show.

This study is an extension of M&A performance research, which has been conducted mostly in developed nations on their firms, to Indian firms by taking substantially large number of cases.

One cannot mandate honesty.– Veerappa Moily, Chair,Second Administrative Reforms Commission, 2007India did not invent corruption, but it seems to excel in it. Transparency International, (TI) in its September 2007 Corruption Perception Index, placed India 72nd (tying with China and Brazil) with its neighbors Sri Lanka at 94th, Pakistan 138th, and Bangladesh 162nd as among the most corrupt of the 180 nations it surveyed. Denmark, Finland, and New Zealand stood at the top as the least corrupt, while Mynamar and Somalia are ranked at the bottom as the most corrupt. In 2008, India was ranked at 74th (Transparency International, 2007, 2008). In its 2005 study, TI found that as many as 62% of Indians believe corruption is real and in fact had first hand experience of paying bribes (Transparency International, 2005). Three-fourths in the survey also believe that the level of corruption in public services has only increased during 2004–2005. It is estimated that a total of about $5 billion are paid annually as bribes. The police are ranked as the most corrupt, followed by lower judiciary and Land Administration. Yet Suresh Pachauri, the Minister of State for Parliamentary Affairs, Government of India, declared: “Government is fully committed to implement its policy of zero tolerance against corruption. It is moving progressively to eradicate corruption by improving transparency and accountability” (Pachauri, 2008). This is a rather sorry state for a country known as the largest working democracy.

The non‐recessed hybrid journal bearings of cylindrical type, when operating at higher rotational speeds can suffer self‐exited vibrations(oil‐whirl Instability), which can cause excessive rotor motion causing bearing and sometimes total machine failure. The multi‐lobe journal bearing exhibits better stability as well as a superior capability to suppress oil‐whirl. The paper aims to present a theoretical study pertaining to a two‐lobe hole‐entry hybrid journal bearing by considering the combined influence of surface roughness and journal misalignment on the performance of the bearing.

The average Reynolds equation governing the flow of lubricant in the clearance space between the rough bearing surfaces together with the equation of flow through a capillary restrictor has been solved using FEM. The bearing performance characteristics have been simulated for a two‐lobe hole‐entry hybrid journal bearing for the various values of offset factor, restrictor design parameter, surface roughness parameter, surface pattern parameter and journal misalignment parameters.

The two‐lobe hole‐entry hybrid journal bearing system with an offset factor greater than one indicates significant improvement of the order of 15‐25 percent in the values of direct stiffness and direct damping coefficients compared to a circular hole‐entry hybrid journal bearing system. Also the lubricant flow of a two‐lobe hole‐entry hybrid journal bearing is reduced by 25 percent vis‐à‐vis circular bearing.

The present work is original of its kind, in case of two‐lobe hole‐entry hybrid journal bearing. The results are quite useful for the bearing designer.

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of the internet as an educational tool and to explore what role it plays in the educational system.

The study was purely conducted on a sample of 120 users of Delhi College of Engineering (DCE) Library. The questionnaires consisted of 20 main questions with many of the main questions having a number of subquestions. The questionnaire contained five open‐ended questions.

This case study provides awareness of various internet tools and services used by the library staff and library users. The library will aware of new internet services and provide their users.

This is case study of Delhi College of Engineering (Central Library) and this study will also be useful and important to those users who are already studying in different institutions and colleges.

Hole‐entry hybrid journal bearings are widely used in many applications owing to their favourable characteristics. Ever increasing technological developments demand much improved performance from these class of bearings operating under the most stringent, exact and precise conditions. Therefore, it becomes imperative that the hole‐entry journal bearings be designed on the basis of more accurately predicted bearing characteristics data. The purpose of this paper is to describe a theoretical study to demonstrate the combined influence of the effect of pocket size at the outlet of supply holes and the journal misalignment on the performance of an orifice compensated hole‐entry hybrid journal bearing system.

Finite element method is used to solve the Reynolds equation governing the flow of an incompressible lubricant in the clearance space between the journal and bearing together with equation of flow through an orifice. The journal misalignment has been accounted for by defining a pair of misalignment parameters sigma and delta. The effect of pocket size at the outlet of supply holes has been accounted by defining a non‐dimensional parameter which is function of diameter of pocket and journal diameter.

The results presented in this paper indicate that the effect of journal misalignment is, in general, to cause a reduction in bearing dynamic characteristics parameters whereas the effect of pocket size is to slightly compensate this loss. Performance of a two lobe four recessed journal bearing, a proper selection of bearing offset factor along with type of restrictor (capillary or orifice) is essential.

This paper presents valuable data relating to hole‐entry hybrid journal bearings useful for bearing designers.

In recent years, researchers have focused a great deal of attention on multirecess hybrid journal bearing systems. The non‐circular journal bearings are widely used in industry on account of their better stability, simplicity, efficiency and low cost. The purpose of this paper is to present a theoretical investigation into the performance of a two‐lobe multirecess hybrid journal bearing system.

The Reynold's equation governing the lubricant flow in the clearance space between the journal and bearing together with restrictor flow equations has been solved using finite element method. The bearing static and dynamic performance characteristics have been presented for the various values of the offset factors (0.75, 1, 1.25 and 1.50) for the hybrid mode of operation of the journal bearing system compensated by capillary and orifice restrictors for the commonly used bearing operating and geometric parameters. The offset of the journal has been accounted for by defining a non‐dimensional factor called offset factor delta.

The numerically simulated results indicate that a two‐lobe four recessed hybrid journal bearing provides a better performance than the corresponding similar circular recessed journal bearing system. The study further reveals that in order to get an improved performance of a two‐lobe four recessed journal bearing, a proper selection of bearing offset factors along with type of restrictor (capillary or orifice) is essential.

The results presented in this paper are useful for bearing designers.

strategic alliances/collaborative strategies;

defending against global competitors;

related diversification;

entrepreneurship-organizational life cycle; and

evaluating strategies for firm growth.

MBA/PGP level programmes in management and/or entrepreneurship.

Aztec Fluids & Machinery, set up just over four years ago in the city of Ahmedabad in Gujarat, India, caters to the printer hardware, spares and consumables needs of the digital ink jet printing market. The company has identified vendors principally from the UK and China for its printers and consumable sourcing and presently markets these using a hybrid channel structure of direct selling and through 12 distributors in ten cities of India. A recent development of note is the successful transformation of a flexible roll printer into a flat-bed type one by the co-founder. The experiment assumes significance since the cost of a conventional flat-bed screen printer is almost five times that of the improvised printer. The huge, fragmented, price-sensitive, yet quality-conscious market in India offers immense potential for this innovation. At the same time, Aztec's recent interactions with a couple of its UK-based vendors present other alternatives for growth.

To explore organizational life cycle: the introduction and early growth phases.

To understand alliance dynamics for early-stage entrepreneurs –rationale, management and the manifestation of trust between different types of partners: suppliers and customers.

To understand how small firms prepare for and evaluate the challenges of growth.

Teaching note.