Anandakrishnan V., Sathish S., Duraiselvam Muthukannan, Dillibabu V. and Balamuralikrishnan N.
Aerospace and defence industries use the materials having better properties at elevated temperatures, and Inconel 718 is one of that. The complexity in realizing complex and…
Abstract
Purpose
Aerospace and defence industries use the materials having better properties at elevated temperatures, and Inconel 718 is one of that. The complexity in realizing complex and intricate shapes necessitate the product realization through additive manufacturing. This paper aims to investigate the wear behaviour of additive manufactured material.
Design/methodology/approach
The wear behaviour of additively manufactured Inconel 718 samples through direct metal laser sintering process at three different build orientations was experimentally investigated using a standard pin-on-disc wear tester.
Findings
Among the varied wear parameters, the load was identified as the most influencing parameter on the wear rate. In addition, the post-failure analysis of the worn surface of the pins under the scanning electron microscopy revealed the presence of various wear mechanisms.
Originality/value
Almost, the industries are now focussed on their production through additive manufacturing owing to its advantages. The present work displays the wear behaviour of the additive manufactured Inconel 718 and its associated wear mechanisms.
Peer review
The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-08-2019-0322.
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Saravanan C., Subramanian K., Anandakrishnan V. and Sathish S.
Aluminium is the most preferred material in engineering structural components because of its excellent properties. Furthermore, the properties of aluminium may be enhanced through…
Abstract
Purpose
Aluminium is the most preferred material in engineering structural components because of its excellent properties. Furthermore, the properties of aluminium may be enhanced through metal matrix composites and an in-depth investigation on the evolved properties is needed in view of metallurgical, mechanical and tribological aspects. The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of TiC addition on the tribological behavior of aluminium composites.
Design/methodology/approach
Aluminium metal matrix composites at different weight percentage of titanium carbide were produced through powder metallurgy. Produced composites were subjected to sliding wear test under dry condition through Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal design.
Findings
Optimal process condition to achieve the minimum wear rate was identified though the main effect plot. Sliding velocity was identified as the most dominating factor in the wear resistance.
Practical implications
The production of components with improved properties is promoted efficiently and economically by synthesizing the composite via powder metallurgy.
Originality/value
Though the investigations on the wear behavior of aluminium composites are analyzed, reinforcement types and the mode of fabrication have their significance in the metallurgical and mechanical properties. Thus, the produced component needs an in-detail study on the property evolution.
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Sathish S., Anandakrishnan V. and Gupta Manoj
The purpose of this study is to analyse and optimize the wear parameters of magnesium metal-metal composite. Materials with lesser weight attract both the researcher and…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to analyse and optimize the wear parameters of magnesium metal-metal composite. Materials with lesser weight attract both the researcher and industrialists, as it exhibits the performance improvement in the automotive and aerospace industries. The enrichment of mechanical and tribological properties of the existing magnesium focussed the development of new metal–metal composite.
Design/methodology/approach
Metal–metal composite with magnesium matrix was synthesized through the disintegrated melt deposition technique with the addition of titanium, aluminium and boron carbide particles. The wear performance of the composite was experimented with the dry sliding wear test by considering load, sliding velocity and sliding distance.
Findings
The wear rate of the composite is analysed statistically, and the significance of wear parameters on the wear performance of metal–metal composite is observed. The worn pin surface and the wear debris collected during the wear experiments were exposed to the microscopy analysis to seize the dominating wear mechanisms.
Originality/value
The wear performance of the developed magnesium composite was analysed and discussed in detail with the support of scientific evidence, i.e. worn surface and debris analysis express the wear mechanisms.
Peer review
The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-08-2019-0326/
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Mirhiga Peter Okuwhere and Andrew Ehiabhi Tafamel
This chapter theoretically examined coronavirus (COVID-19) and entrepreneurship in Africa. Also, the challenges and opportunities of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) innovation…
Abstract
This chapter theoretically examined coronavirus (COVID-19) and entrepreneurship in Africa. Also, the challenges and opportunities of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) innovation were assessed. The researchers adopted a qualitative method to review secondary data, information from previous kinds of literature including pertinent internet sources and working papers. Similarly, the chapter considered an innovative-based perspective of entrepreneurship and explicates the emerging opportunities created by COVID-19. The chapter also analyzed the COVID-19 and its effect on entrepreneurship in Africa by identifying and discussing existing challenges caused by the pandemic. Furthermore, some information about the nature of COVID-19 and its effects in Africa were adequately evaluated. Gleaned evidence from literature revealed that there is a possibility that the unpremeditated damage to entrepreneurship in Africa as caused by the COVID-19 could be persistent. The chapter also showed that the emergence of the COVID-19 has threatened the survival of businesses especially SMEs, thereby increasing the level of unemployment across the African continent and has generated critical challenges for entrepreneurship development. Finally, the chapter will add to the evolving challenges and opportunities of entrepreneurship in Africa. However, entrepreneurs can build on the strengths of innovative activities to develop a survival mindset, develop financial resilience and adjust business archetypes to the realities of COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 era which in the short and long term can accentuate entrepreneurship development within African continent.
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Introduction: Artificial intelligence (AI), the engineering of brilliant machinery, performs intelligent human intelligence tasks, such as learning and problem-solving. Insurance…
Abstract
Introduction: Artificial intelligence (AI), the engineering of brilliant machinery, performs intelligent human intelligence tasks, such as learning and problem-solving. Insurance is a financial protection policy either for individuals or entities to reimburse losses from the insured company. The role of AI in insurance always helps enhance customer services and understand their behaviour.
Purpose: This chapter aims to determine the role of AI in the insurance industry in India. The insurance industry is expanding very fast, and to further increase its horizons, the part of the technology of AI is essential. However, this sector has initiated using AI technology and is expanding its scope to benefit the customers.
Methodology: The authors selected research papers of the last five years to review and determine how the technology changed during the period and how an increase in AI benefits the industry and facilitates delivering the best services, and understanding the customer’s needs and behaviour.
Findings: It has been found that the industry is moving very fast and adopting the AI technology methods to enhance customer services, betterment for growing India, and serve insurance services to the nation efficiently.
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S. Rama Krishna, J. Sathish, Talari Rahul Mani Datta and S. Raghu Vamsi
Ensuring the early detection of structural issues in aircraft is crucial for preserving human lives. One effective approach involves identifying cracks in composite structures…
Abstract
Purpose
Ensuring the early detection of structural issues in aircraft is crucial for preserving human lives. One effective approach involves identifying cracks in composite structures. This paper employs experimental modal analysis and a multi-variable Gaussian process regression method to detect and locate cracks in glass fiber composite beams.
Design/methodology/approach
The present study proposes Gaussian process regression model trained by the first three natural frequencies determined experimentally using a roving impact hammer method with crystal four-channel analyzer, uniaxial accelerometer and experimental modal analysis software. The first three natural frequencies of the cracked composite beams obtained from experimental modal analysis are used to train a multi-variable Gaussian process regression model for crack localization. Radial basis function is used as a kernel function, and hyperparameters are optimized using the negative log marginal likelihood function. Bayesian conditional probability likelihood function is used to estimate the mean and variance for crack localization in composite structures.
Findings
The efficiency of Gaussian process regression is improved in the present work with the normalization of input data. The fitted Gaussian process regression model validates with experimental modal analysis for crack localization in composite structures. The discrepancy between predicted and measured values is 1.8%, indicating strong agreement between the experimental modal analysis and Gaussian process regression methods. Compared to other recent methods in the literature, this approach significantly improves efficiency and reduces error from 18.4% to 1.8%. Gaussian process regression is an efficient machine learning algorithm for crack localization in composite structures.
Originality/value
The experimental modal analysis results are first utilized for crack localization in cracked composite structures. Additionally, the input data are normalized and employed in a machine learning algorithm, such as the multi-variable Gaussian process regression method, to efficiently determine the crack location in these structures.
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Sakthi Sadhasivam RM, Ramanathan K., Bhuvaneswari B.V. and Raja R.
The most promising replacements for the industrial applications are particle reinforced metal matrix composites because of their good and combined mechanical properties…
Abstract
Purpose
The most promising replacements for the industrial applications are particle reinforced metal matrix composites because of their good and combined mechanical properties. Currently, the need of matrix materials for industrial applications is widely satisfied by aluminium alloys. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the tribological behaviour of the zinc oxide (ZnO) particles reinforced AA6061 composites prepared by stir casting route.
Design/methodology/approach
In this study, AA6061 aluminium alloy matrix reinforced with varying weight percentages (3%, 4.5% and 6%) of ZnO particles, including monolithic AA6061 alloy samples, is cast by the most economical fabrication method, called stir casting. The prepared sample was subjected to X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, experimental density measurement by Archimedian principle and theoretical density by rule of mixture and hardness test to investigate mechanical property. The dry sliding wear behaviour of the composites was investigated using pin-on-disc tribometer with various applied loads of 15 and 20 N, with constant sliding velocity and distance. The wear rate, coefficient of friction (COF) and worn surfaces of the composite specimens and their effects were also investigated in this work.
Findings
XPS results confirm the homogeneous distribution of ZnO microparticles in the Al matrix. The Vickers hardness result reveals that higher ZnO reinforced (6%) sample have 34.4% higher values of HV than the monolithic aluminium sample. The sliding wear tests similarly show that increasing the weight percentage of ZnO particles leads to a reduced wear rate and COF of 30.01% and 26.32% lower than unreinforced alloy for 15 N and 36.35% and 25% for 20 N applied load. From the worn surface morphological studies, it was evidently noticed that ZnO particles dispersed throughout the matrix and it had strong bonding between the reinforcement and the matrix, which significantly reduced the plastic deformation of the surfaces.
Originality/value
The uniqueness of this work is to use the reinforcement of ZnO particles with AA6061 matrix and preparing by stir casting route and to study and analyse the physical, hardness and tribological behaviour of the composite materials.
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P. Gunasekar, Anderson A. and Praveenkumar T.R.
Composite materials have revolutionized the aerospace industry by offering superior structural qualities over traditional elements. This study aims to focus on the development and…
Abstract
Purpose
Composite materials have revolutionized the aerospace industry by offering superior structural qualities over traditional elements. This study aims to focus on the development and testing of bamboo natural fiber-based composites enhanced with SiO2 nanoparticles.
Design/methodology/approach
The investigation involved fabricating specimens with varying nanoparticle compositions (0, 10 and 20%) and conducting tensile, flexural, impact and fracture toughness tests. Results indicated significant improvements in mechanical properties with the addition of nanoparticles, particularly at a 10% composition level.
Findings
This study underscores the potential of natural fiber composites, highlighting their environmental friendliness, cost-effectiveness and improved structural properties when reinforced with nanoparticles. The findings suggest an optimal ratio for nanoparticle integration, emphasizing the critical role of precise mixing proportions in achieving superior composite performance.
Originality/value
The tensile strength, flexural strength, impact resistance and fracture toughness exhibited notable enhancements compared with the 0 and 20% nanoparticle compositions. The 10% composition showed the most promising outcomes, showcasing increased strength across all parameters.
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Ngoc Bich Do, Y Nhu Nguyen Luu, Vi Thai Huyen Kim and Viet Chi Duong
Spirituality serves as an ethical benchmark for shaping human and brand identity. Only a few studies have recently attempted to examine the impact of spiritual attributes on…
Abstract
Spirituality serves as an ethical benchmark for shaping human and brand identity. Only a few studies have recently attempted to examine the impact of spiritual attributes on customer behavior. This study extends the current literature and aims to develop a research model to investigate spiritual brand attributes toward customers’ behavior. The study employs the stimulus–organism–response (SOR) model as a theoretical signpost to construct the research model. Driven by this chapter, future research opportunities are presented, and the opportunity for empirical research is also illustrated.
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Karthik Bajar, Aditya Kamat, Saket Shanker and Akhilesh Barve
In recent times, reverse logistics (RL) is gaining significant traction in various automobile industries to recapture returned vehicles’ value. A good RL program can lower…
Abstract
Purpose
In recent times, reverse logistics (RL) is gaining significant traction in various automobile industries to recapture returned vehicles’ value. A good RL program can lower manufacturing costs, establish a green supply chain, enhance customer satisfaction and provide a competitive advantage. However, reducing disruptions and increasing operational efficiency in the automobile RL requires implementing innovative technology to improve information flow and security. Thus, this manuscript aims to examine the hurdles in automobile RL activities and how they can be effectively tackled by blockchain technology (BCT). Merging BCT and RL provides the entire automobile industry a chance to generate value for its consumers through effective vehicle return policies, manufacturing cost reduction, maintenance records tracking, administration of vehicle information and a clear payment record of insurance contracts.
Design/methodology/approach
This research is presented in three stages to accomplish the task. First, previous literature and experts' opinions are examined to highlight certain factors that are an aggravation to BCT implementation. Next, this study proposed an interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy set (IVIFS) – decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) with Choquet integral framework for computing and analyzing the comparative results of factor interrelationships. Finally, the causal outline diagrams are plotted to determine the influence of factors on one another for BCT implementation in automobile RL.
Findings
This study has categorized the barriers to BCT implementation into five major factors – operational and strategical, technical, knowledge and behavioral, financial and infrastructural, and government rules and regulations. The results revealed that disreputable technology, low-bearing capacity of IT systems and operational inefficiency are the most significant factors to be dealt with by automobile industry professionals for finer and enhanced RL processes utilizing BCT. The most noticeable advantage of BCT is its enormous amount of data, permitting automobile RL to develop client experience through real-time data insights.
Practical implications
This study reveals several factors that are hindering the implementation of BCT in RL activities of the automobile industry. The results can assist experts and policymakers improve their existing decision-making systems while making an effort to implement BCT into the automobile industry's RL activities.
Originality/value
Although there are several studies on the benefits of BCT in RL and the adoption of BCT in the automobile industry, individually, none have explicated the use of BCT in automobile RL. This is also the first kind of study that has used IVIFS-DEMATEL with the Choquet integral framework for computing and analyzing the comparative results of factor interrelationships hindering BCT implementation in automobile RL activities.