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The purpose of this paper is to determine the attitude of library professionals towards the concept of marketing and also how it is applied in practice to marketing of university library products and services.

For the purpose of the study, library search concerning the subject was made to examine the findings of earlier relevant studies. To collect the relevant data, a questionnaire was designed and distributed to the subjects under study. Interviews were also conducted with the librarians/professional staff to fill in any gaps in the questionnaire.

The librarians/professional staff have positive attitudes towards the marketing of library information services and products and admit that each library should have a mission statement and a full time professional to handle marketing‐related activities; but in practice, no library under study has its own logo, mission statement or a specifically designated personnel for marketing‐related activities.

The study explores the possibility of adopting marketing strategies in university libraries to provide value‐added, need‐based and user‐oriented services/products.

Expert systems are computer-based systems that mimic the logical processes of human experts or organizations to give advice in a specific domain of knowledge. Fuzzy expert systems use fuzzy logic to handle uncertainties generated by imprecise, incomplete and/or vague information. The purpose of this paper is to present a comprehensive review of the methods and applications in fuzzy expert systems.

The authors have carefully reviewed 281 journal publications and 149 conference proceedings published over the past 37 years since 1982. The authors grouped the journal publications and conference proceedings separately accordingly to the methods, application domains, tools and inference systems.

The authors have synthesized the findings and proposed useful suggestions for future research directions. The authors show that the most common use of fuzzy expert systems is in the medical field.

Fuzzy logic can be used to manage uncertainty in expert systems and solve problems that cannot be solved effectively with conventional methods. In this study, the authors present a comprehensive review of the methods and applications in fuzzy expert systems which could be useful for practicing managers developing expert systems under uncertainty.