Sarah F. Mott, Gene S. Feder, Christopher J. Griffiths and Sheila M. Donovan
The East London Clinical Guidelines Project aims to improve clinical effectiveness by disseminating locally developed guidelines linked to research evidence to inner city primary…
Abstract
The East London Clinical Guidelines Project aims to improve clinical effectiveness by disseminating locally developed guidelines linked to research evidence to inner city primary health care teams. Practice‐based educational sessions combined with audit are offered to help practices implement the guidelines. This paper reports on the baseline and one‐year audit results following facilitation and implementation of coronary heart disease guidelines.
Michelle R. Nelson, Brittany R.L. Duff and Regina Ahn
This paper aims to examine the perceptions of the visual packaging of snacks and nutrition knowledge among preschool children. Packages serve as persuasive media at the point of…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to examine the perceptions of the visual packaging of snacks and nutrition knowledge among preschool children. Packages serve as persuasive media at the point of purchase.
Design/methodology/approach
In this paper 13 interviews with four-year-olds were conducted. Children sorted seven snacks that implied fruit into categories based on perceptions of fun, taste, parent’s choice and “nutrition”. Children also drew trees with food that would make them healthy or not healthy.
Findings
Children attended to the package elements more than the product. All children selected the character fruit snack as their preferred choice; however, perceptions for fun and taste varied among snacks. Perceptions of healthiness showed evidence of heuristics (e.g. sugar = bad; fruit = good). Some children were able to understand that their parents’ choices may be different from their own.
Research limitations/implications
Because of the small sample size, it is not possible to generalize results to all children. Children seemed to understand that the character may not convey “healthy” or “taste”, but they still chose the snack with a character.
Practical implications
Children as young as four can understand nutrition heuristics and may/may not use those heuristics in product preferences.
Social implications
Children may be able to reason about their own preferences and others’ preferences at a preoperational stage of development.
Originality/value
Previous research indicates that older children are attracted by characters. The findings show that younger children also prefer characters but may be capable of disentangling the various associations of “characters”.
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Sarah E. Hennelly, Sofia Hussain, Tristan Hale, Martha Cadle, Joanne Brooke and Emma Davies
Half of British university students experience assault and harassment behaviours; few report them. Bystander intervention training has been recommended as a means of reducing…
Abstract
Purpose
Half of British university students experience assault and harassment behaviours; few report them. Bystander intervention training has been recommended as a means of reducing these behaviours, but there is little evidence about their potential effectiveness in UK contexts. The purpose of this paper is to understand UK students’ attitudes towards reporting and intervening in sexual assault, harassment and hate crimes.
Design/methodology/approach
A mixed methods cross-sectional survey (n=201; 75.6 per cent women) was conducted in one British university. Open text data were analysed using thematic analysis.
Findings
Students considered harassment and assault unacceptable, and were confident to intervene in and likely to report incidents. However, fear of backlash was a barrier to intervening and reporting, and they felt that victims should decide whether to report incidents. Students perceived perpetrators as being ignorant about what constitutes consent, harassment and assault. They identified a need for university community education about this and how to report incidents and support peers.
Research limitations/implications
This cross-sectional survey was conducted at one UK University. The data might not reflect other students’ attitudes, and may be subject to response bias. University community bystander training should be acceptable, report and support systems might be utilised by students. This may have potential to reduce prevalence and increase reporting.
Practical implications
University community bystander training should be acceptable, report and support systems might be utilised by students. This may have potential to reduce prevalence and increase reporting.
Originality/value
This is the first study to investigate UK student attitudes to prosocial bystander behaviours.
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Jane Ellen Dmochowski, Dan Garofalo, Sarah Fisher, Ann Greene and Danielle Gambogi
Colleges and universities increasingly have the mandate and motivation to integrate sustainability into their curricula. The purpose of this paper is to share the strategy used at…
Abstract
Purpose
Colleges and universities increasingly have the mandate and motivation to integrate sustainability into their curricula. The purpose of this paper is to share the strategy used at the University of Pennsylvania (Penn) and provide an evaluation of its success and guidance to others creating similar programs.
Design/methodology/approach
This article summarizes Penn’s Integrating Sustainability Across the Curriculum (ISAC) program. ISAC pairs Penn undergraduate research assistants with instructors in a collaborative effort to incorporate sustainability into courses.
Findings
In concert with other Penn initiatives (a course inventory, faculty discussion groups and a research network), ISAC increases Penn’s sustainability-related courses and creates dialogue regarding how various disciplines contribute to sustainability.
Practical implications
The program described in this article is replicable at other institutions. The authors demonstrate that the logistics of recruiting students and establishing the program are straightforward. Undergraduate students are on campus; their pay requirements are modest; and they are desirous of such research experiences.
Social implications
The ISAC program inculcates a cultural and behavioral shift as students and faculty approach sustainability issues collaboratively, and it facilitates the development of a shared language of environmental sustainability. Such social implications are difficult to quantify, but are nonetheless valuable outcomes.
Originality/value
The faculty–student partnership used to facilitate the integration of sustainability into courses at Penn is original. The ISAC program provides a framework for engaging students and faculty in curriculum development around sustainability in a manner that benefits the student research assistants, the participating faculty and future students.
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Natasha Davies, Hade Turkmen, Lyn Carvill, Emma Ritch and Sue Cohen
Sarah-Jayne Camp, Anna C. Sherlock-Smith and Emma L. Davies
Sexual assault is prevalent on UK University campuses, and prevention efforts are being increased. However, at present there is limited evidence about UK students’ attitudes…
Abstract
Purpose
Sexual assault is prevalent on UK University campuses, and prevention efforts are being increased. However, at present there is limited evidence about UK students’ attitudes towards sexual assault prevention and what they think should be done to effectively address the issue. The purpose of this paper is to explore these views to provide a foundation for the development of a new intervention.
Design/methodology/approach
A cross-sectional anonymous online survey was completed by 515 students (73 per cent women; M age: 21.56; 79 per cent heterosexual; and 82.9 per cent white). There were quantitative questions about experiences of sexual assault, attitudes towards sexual consent and victim blaming. Qualitative data were collected regarding participants’ views on what universities should do to target sexual assault.
Findings
In line with previous studies, the authors found evidence of commonplace and normalised sexual assault behaviours. Women had more positive attitudes towards explicit consent than men, and were less likely to blame victims of sexual assault who had been drinking. Consent behaviour was predicted by positive views towards consent and lower levels of blaming. Themes relating to “awareness”, “attitudes”, “environment” and “opposition” were identified in the qualitative data.
Practical implications
Findings highlight the importance of engaging with students to develop effective prevention measures. Students are likely to find university-led prevention strategies acceptable, but this topic needs to be addressed in the context of the prevailing culture, which may provide an environment where certain behaviours are tolerated. New prevention programmes need to treat the issue as one that is relevant to all students and not just target men as perpetrators and women as victims. Such strategies need to do more than treat this as an isolated issue, to which the solution is re-education about the meaning of consent.
Originality/value
There is at present a lack of research evidence about UK students’ views on sexual assault prevention. This exploratory survey highlights areas for consideration when developing new interventions.
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Marjorie Peregoy, Julia M. Rholes and Sandra L. Tucker
This is a resource guide for librarians who wish to gather books and other materials to use in promoting National Women's History Week or, as it will be soon, National Women's…
Abstract
This is a resource guide for librarians who wish to gather books and other materials to use in promoting National Women's History Week or, as it will be soon, National Women's History Month. The emphasis is on history rather than on current women's issues. Most of the materials cited have appeared within the past ten years, but a few important older works are included as well.
Aim of the present monograph is the economic analysis of the role of MNEs regarding globalisation and digital economy and in parallel there is a reference and examination of some…
Abstract
Aim of the present monograph is the economic analysis of the role of MNEs regarding globalisation and digital economy and in parallel there is a reference and examination of some legal aspects concerning MNEs, cyberspace and e‐commerce as the means of expression of the digital economy. The whole effort of the author is focused on the examination of various aspects of MNEs and their impact upon globalisation and vice versa and how and if we are moving towards a global digital economy.
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Krishna Menon, Raghavendra Baburaj and Sarah Bernard
This review seeks to provide an overview of the current research evidence on the use of restraint as an intervention in managing challenging behaviours in relation to children…
Abstract
Purpose
This review seeks to provide an overview of the current research evidence on the use of restraint as an intervention in managing challenging behaviours in relation to children with intellectual disabilities. It also aims to discuss legal frameworks and ethical considerations that underpin the use of restraint in intellectually disabled children who present with challenging behaviours.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors conducted a search of existing literature primarily pertaining to the management of challenging behaviours in intellectual disability on PubMed, PsycInfo and Google Scholar using combinations of the following key words – children, intellectual disabilities, learning disability, mental retardation, challenging behaviour, restraint, seclusion, physical restraint, mechanical restraint, personal restraint, and chemical restraint. Since research on the use of such interventions in children has been hitherto scant, literature relating to their use in intellectually disabled adult populations as well as cognitively able children was also examined to ascertain whether the broad principles informing the use of restraint interventions could be generalised to their use in intellectually disabled children.
Findings
The review finds evidence to suggest that restraint interventions in their myriad forms are widely used to manage challenging behaviours in children with intellectual disabilities and outlines the evidence base, clinical scope, and the risks associated with the use of such interventions in children. It also helps highlight the current absence of comprehensive evidence based guidance that incorporates clinical, ethical, and legal aspects of the use of restraint interventions in children with intellectual disabilities and raises relevant questions in relation to their judicious use in this patient group.
Originality/value
The authors believe that the review completes the first in depth evaluation of the use of restraint interventions in children with intellectual disabilities and are confident that this would serve as useful guidance for professionals working with this patient group who may be considering using restraint interventions in their everyday clinical practice.
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IN spite of the numerous efforts to educate the public on the function of the municipal library, much ignorance still prevails. Only a short time ago a writer in advocating the…
Abstract
IN spite of the numerous efforts to educate the public on the function of the municipal library, much ignorance still prevails. Only a short time ago a writer in advocating the installation of gramophones as a legitimate and useful adjunct to public libraries used the phrase “tenth‐rate fiction.” He asserted that the provision of high‐class music by gramophone was to be preferred to the circulation of “tenth‐rate fiction.”