Sara Tavassoli and Hamidreza Koosha
Customer churn prediction is one of the most well-known approaches to manage and improve customer retention. Machine learning techniques, especially classification algorithms, are…
Abstract
Purpose
Customer churn prediction is one of the most well-known approaches to manage and improve customer retention. Machine learning techniques, especially classification algorithms, are very popular tools to predict the churners. In this paper, three ensemble classifiers are proposed based on bagging and boosting for customer churn prediction.
Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, three ensemble classifiers are proposed based on bagging and boosting for customer churn prediction. The first classifier, which is called boosted bagging, uses boosting for each bagging sample. In this approach, before concluding the final results in a bagging algorithm, the authors try to improve the prediction by applying a boosting algorithm for each bootstrap sample. The second proposed ensemble classifier, which is called bagged bagging, combines bagging with itself. In the other words, the authors apply bagging for each sample of bagging algorithm. Finally, the third approach uses bagging of neural network with learning based on a genetic algorithm.
Findings
To examine the performance of all proposed ensemble classifiers, they are applied to two datasets. Numerical simulations illustrate that the proposed hybrid approaches outperform the simple bagging and boosting algorithms as well as base classifiers. Especially, bagged bagging provides high accuracy and precision results.
Originality/value
In this paper, three novel ensemble classifiers are proposed based on bagging and boosting for customer churn prediction. Not only the proposed approaches can be applied for customer churn prediction but also can be used for any other binary classification algorithms.
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Mohammad Nemati, Reza Farzipoor Saen and Reza Kazemi Matin
The objective of this paper is to propose a new data envelopment analysis (DEA) model for assessing sustainability of suppliers with partial impacts between inputs, desirable…
Abstract
Purpose
The objective of this paper is to propose a new data envelopment analysis (DEA) model for assessing sustainability of suppliers with partial impacts between inputs, desirable outputs and undesirable outputs.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper examines partial impacts of inputs on desirable and undesirable outputs and applies weak disposability assumption to propose a novel DEA model to determine the sustainability of suppliers.
Findings
This paper shows the type of resource sharing in DEA models and takes into account sustainable development and sustainability assessment concepts for sustainable supplier selection problem and develops a DEA model for selecting the most sustainable suppliers with partial sharing of resources. To select the most sustainable suppliers, this model helps managers to consider aggregate efficiency, overall efficiency and bundle efficiency. The paper introduces the supplier which is efficient at all levels as the most sustainable supplier.
Originality/value
For the first time, this paper suggests a new DEA model by partial impact between inputs and good outputs/bad outputs for selecting sustainable supplier and deals with the situations in which each supplier has several subunits. The new model calculates aggregate efficiency, overall efficiency and subunit efficiency of supplier. paper introduces the supplier which is efficient in all levels including aggregate efficiency, overall efficiency and subunit efficiency as the best supplier.
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Mohammad Izadikhah, Reza Farzipoor Saen, Kourosh Ahmadi and Mohadeseh Shamsi
The aim of this paper is to classify suppliers into some clusters based on sustainability factors. However, there might be some unqualified suppliers and we should identify and…
Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this paper is to classify suppliers into some clusters based on sustainability factors. However, there might be some unqualified suppliers and we should identify and remove those suppliers before clustering.
Design/methodology/approach
First, using fuzzy screening system, the authors identify and remove the unqualified suppliers. Then, the authors run their proposed clustering method. This paper proposes a data envelopment analysis (DEA) algorithm to cluster suppliers.
Findings
This paper presents a two-aspect DEA-based algorithm for clustering suppliers into clusters. The first aspect applied DEA to consider efficient frontiers and the second aspect applied DEA to consider inefficient frontiers. The authors examine their proposed clustering approach by a numerical example. The results confirmed that their method can cluster DMUs into clusters.
Originality/value
The main contributions of this paper are as follows: This paper develops a new clustering algorithm based on DEA models. This paper presents a new DEA model in inefficiency aspect. For the first time, the authors’ proposed algorithm uses fuzzy screening system and DEA to select suppliers. Our proposed method clusters suppliers of MPASR based on sustainability factors.
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Yongfeng Zhu, Zilong Wang and Jie Yang
The existing three-stage network Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) models with shared input are self-assessment model that are prone to extreme efficiency scores in pursuit of…
Abstract
Purpose
The existing three-stage network Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) models with shared input are self-assessment model that are prone to extreme efficiency scores in pursuit of decision-making units (DMUs) efficiency maximization. This study aims to solve the sorting failure problem of the three-stage network DEA model with shared input and applies the proposed model to evaluate innovation resource allocation efficiency of Chinese industrial enterprises.
Design/methodology/approach
A three-stage network cross-DEA model considering shared input is proposed by incorporating the cross-efficiency model into the three-stage network DEA model. An application of the proposed model in the innovation resource allocation of industrial enterprise is implemented in 30 provinces of China during 2015–2019.
Findings
The efficiency of DMU would be overestimated if the decision-maker preference is overlooked. Moreover, the innovation resource allocation performance of Chinese industrial enterprises had a different spatial distribution, with high in eastern and central China and low in western China. Eastern China was good at knowledge production and technology development but not good at commercial transformation. Northeast China performed well in technology development and commercial conversion but not in knowledge production. The central China did not perform well in terms of technology development.
Originality/value
A three-stage network DEA model with shared input is proposed for the first time, which makes up for the problem of sorting failure of the general three-stage network model.
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Fateme Seihani Parashkouh, Sohrab Kordrostami, Alireza Amirteimoori and Armin Ghane-Kanafi
The purpose of this paper is introducing an alternative model to measure the relative efficiency of observations with undesirable products. Describing the reference set and…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is introducing an alternative model to measure the relative efficiency of observations with undesirable products. Describing the reference set and benchmarking.
Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, an alternative definition of weak disposability assumption is introduced to handle undesirable outputs. Actually, two types of undesirable outputs are addressed and a substitute definition of weak disposability is presented.
Findings
Using this assumption a linear production technology set along with a performance analysis model is constructed to assess the relative efficiency of the decision-making units. To illustrate the radial application of the proposed approach, a real case on transportation system of USA during 1992-2009 is given.
Originality/value
To date, data envelopment analysis studies have investigated undesirable outputs by the assumption of weak disposability, defined as the proportional contraction of good and bad products, which leads to the null-joint assumption between good and bad outputs. Therefore, the only way to produce no undesirable outputs is producing zero desirable outputs. So the production process should be stopped while it is not economically cost-effective. However, in some processes there are some undesirable outputs, which are decreased with non-same percentages. So these undesirable outputs can be stopped while the good outputs have a strictly positive value. In this situation, the good outputs are not null-joint with this type of bad outputs. In the current paper, a new definition of the weak disposability of outputs was represented while two groups of undesirable outputs were considered. Hence, desirable outputs and the first kind of undesirable outputs were decreased proportionally. However, the reduction value was different for the second kind of undesirable outputs. Hence, the null-joint assumption is removed from the production technology. Then, a new technology was proposed based on five postulates as inclusion of observations, free disposability of desirable outputs and inputs, new weak disposability, convexity and minimum extrapolation.
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Pantea Hakimian and Azadeh Lak
The purpose of this study is to develop a conceptual framework for defining the notion of “physical integration” regarding the Iranian bazaar as the main component in the…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to develop a conceptual framework for defining the notion of “physical integration” regarding the Iranian bazaar as the main component in the structure of traditional Iranian cities. Applying this conceptual framework to the historical bazaars in the cities of Kerman and Shiraz, this study seeks to pave the way for restoring the physical integrity of such historical districts.
Design/methodology/approach
The research was conducted in two phases. First, there was a review of the theoretical background of physical integration followed by the analysis of the corresponding qualitative contents and the validation of the proposed conceptual framework as confirmed by 15 local experts. The second phase tested the validated framework in two case studies based on maps, historical documents and field observations.
Findings
The findings show that the physical integration of historical bazaars can be undertaken in morphological, visual-aesthetic and functional aspects. The proposed conceptual framework is capable of dealing with the different aspects of physical integration in historical districts on a meso-scale.
Research limitations/implications
The theoretical implications of this study concerning the physical integration of traditional bazaars address urban design, urban planning and multi-disciplinary historical geography. The study also has practical implications for the integration of bazaars in historical urban regeneration projects via design guidelines.
Originality/value
This study emphasizes the importance of physical integration as a multi-dimensional concept, facilitating it to deal with the physical quality and the characteristics of historical districts, particularly bazaars. It also highlights the role of the Iranian bazaar as a unifying structure in the historical districts.
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Ghizlane Arifine, Reto Felix and Olivier Furrer
Although multi-brand loyalty (MBL) in consumer markets has been identified in previous brand loyalty research, empirical studies have not yet explored the facets of its different…
Abstract
Purpose
Although multi-brand loyalty (MBL) in consumer markets has been identified in previous brand loyalty research, empirical studies have not yet explored the facets of its different types. This paper aims to have a deeper understanding of MBL by investigating its different types and facets.
Design/methodology/approach
This study uses a sequential, qualitatively driven mixed-method design consisting of in-depth interviews and supplementary survey research.
Findings
The findings of this study suggest that mood congruence, identity enhancement, unavailability risk reduction and market competition are the most important facets that explains the two types of MBL (complementary-based and product substitutes). Furthermore, the findings show that the family factor can motivate consumers to be multi-brand loyal by adding brands to an initially family-endorsed brand.
Research limitations/implications
This study advances the conceptual foundations of MBL and extends previous research on brand loyalty. Some of the findings may be limited to the economic and cultural context of relatively affluent countries with an abundance of market offers.
Practical implications
Marketing managers gain insights into how to manage brand loyalty and how to transition from MBL to single-brand loyalty.
Originality/value
The study generates novel insights into the facets of different types of MBL.
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Sajjad Shokouhyar, Neda Pahlevani and Farhang Mir Mohammad Sadeghi
This paper aims to present a smart, sustainable supply chain practices structure on the basis of the relational view.
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to present a smart, sustainable supply chain practices structure on the basis of the relational view.
Design/methodology/approach
A method based on fuzzy cognitive map was applied to construct a relational map to introduce and implement such relational methods. Considering this relational map as a guideline, observations into particular methods and ways of applying relational methods to attain sustainable development goals across organizations has been introduced.
Findings
Primary outcomes provided a series of relational methods for the purpose of giving advice to those organizations and their suppliers for smart, sustainable supply chain. Reliance between relational methods were examined and assessed under seven meaningful groups: economic internet of things (IoT), green internet of things, social internet of things, economic supply chain, green supply chain, social supply chain and other variables.
Practical implications
This study guides managers toward an improved perception of the connection among IoT instances and sustainable supply to modeling smart, sustainable supply chain. Managers can determine the practices that need more focus along with the practices that are less relevant. Thus, this will help managers in the decision-making process and to organize their decisions by planning and calculating the relative importance and influence of smart, sustainable practices on each other and on the company’s smart, sustainable program.
Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first approach that promptly examines and determines the interdependencies between relational methods and constructs a relational map for the purpose to introduce and analyze smart, sustainable supply chain.
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Mohammad Javad Maghsoodi Tilaki, Massoomeh Hedayati Marzbali, Mina Safizadeh and Aldrin Abdullah
Given its ineffective urban control strategies, Iran’s urbanisation experiences indicate highly rapid migration, horizontal expansion, spatial inequality and an imbalanced…
Abstract
Purpose
Given its ineffective urban control strategies, Iran’s urbanisation experiences indicate highly rapid migration, horizontal expansion, spatial inequality and an imbalanced distribution of public services. Considering the significance of historic fabric for the spatial continuity of neighbourhoods and the formation of the physical identity of cities, this study aims to evaluate the impact of quality of place (QoP) on resident satisfaction in a historic – religious settlement of Sari, a provincial capital city in the north of Iran.
Design/methodology/approach
Various studies have evaluated resident satisfaction in the old urban fabric, but scarce investigations have focussed on the impact of QoP on resident satisfaction at historic-religious settlements. Conceptually, this research extends theory by reframing QoP as a reflective, hierarchical construct and modelling its impact on satisfaction. A sample of 227 residents was analysed via structural equation modelling.
Findings
Understanding the contribution of QoP to residential satisfaction is a key element in facilitating sustainable neighbourhood development so as to improve the condition of a historic neighbourhood. QoP is a second-order construct with four dimensions, namely, public facilities, sense of belonging, perception of safety and environmental quality, and is highly reflected by public facilities, followed by perception of safety, environmental quality and sense of belonging. The objective characteristics of the environment and subjective wellbeing perceived by residents play significant roles on resident satisfaction, especially in historic neighbourhoods.
Originality/value
Analysis of the structural model supports the theoretical findings in the literature that associate high QoP with high satisfaction. The model of this work can be applied for a wide range of human settlements.