Harjit Kaur and Sanjay Kaushik
The objective of the study is to examine the extent to which pharmaceutical companies in India rely on traditional planning approaches rather than the new learning approach to…
Abstract
Purpose
The objective of the study is to examine the extent to which pharmaceutical companies in India rely on traditional planning approaches rather than the new learning approach to strategic planning. In addition to that, the study also seeks to examine the perceived ability of the pharmaceutical companies in India to integrate continuous improvement goals and product quality into the overall strategic planning and success in implementing total quality management (TQM) programs examined through three particular continuous improvement mindsets.
Design/methodology/approach
The study collected data from select pharmaceutical companies in India through survey technique using a standardized questionnaire through online mode. A descriptive statistical analysis is performed to examine the extent of integration of strategic planning and continuous improvement in the select pharmaceutical companies in India.
Findings
The results of the study indicate that pharmaceutical companies in India still rely greatly on traditional planning methods for strategic planning. However, a shift is also observed toward adoption of best practice management and modern strategic management techniques. The study also demonstrates that continuous improvement goals and strategies are included into the corporate strategic planning.
Research limitations/implications
The study employs only descriptive statistics, and no hypotheses are generated in the study because the objective is not to generalize the findings. The process of formulating quality goals and integrating them with strategy is typical to any company. Therefore, the findings cannot be generalized. The findings of the study do not given any insights into the strategic quality management process due to online mode of data collection. Also, the focus on the study is on the internal management of quality in an organization and factors in the external environment or in the value chain outside the firm, influencing strategic management of quality are beyond the scope of present study.
Practical implications
Considering the significance of quality of products, an understanding of the link between quality and strategic goals helps the managers in pharmaceutical industry to align the strategic planning goals with quality goals ensuring that the entire organization moves in same strategic direction.
Originality/value
The strong focus quality in pharmaceutical industry in India has given impetus to development of well-managed quality programs on the shop-floor to remain competitive and survive in the highly competitive global markets. However, no such study is conducted so far to understand the extent to which continuous improvement or TQM practices are integrated into strategic planning in the pharmaceutical companies in India.
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Piyush Tankwal, Vikas Nehra, Sanjay Prajapati and Brajesh Kumar Kaushik
The purpose of this paper is to analyze and compare the characteristics of hybrid conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor/magnetic tunnel junction (CMOS/MTJ) logic…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyze and compare the characteristics of hybrid conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor/magnetic tunnel junction (CMOS/MTJ) logic gates based on spin transfer torque (STT) and differential spin Hall effect (DSHE) magnetic random access memory (MRAM).
Design/methodology/approach
Spintronics technology can be used as an alternative to CMOS technology as it is having comparatively low power dissipation, non-volatility, high density and high endurance. MTJ is the basic spin based device that stores data in form of electron spin instead of charge. Two mechanisms, namely, STT and SHE, are used to switch the magnetization of MTJ.
Findings
It is observed that the power consumption in DSHE based logic gates is 95.6% less than the STT based gates. DSHE-based write circuit consumes only 5.28 fJ energy per bit.
Originality/value
This paper describes how the DSHE-MRAM is more effective for implementing logic circuits in comparison to STT-MRAM.
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Vineet Kaushik and Sanjay Dhir
The purpose of this paper is to study, explore and rank the non-conforming factors in apparels purchased from e-shops.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study, explore and rank the non-conforming factors in apparels purchased from e-shops.
Design/methodology/approach
Data were collected by visiting and interacting people in colleges and through the structured online questionnaires (n=222). The exploratory factor analysis was performed using “R” software. Identified factors were ranked using AHP methodology; 12 experts from various fashion institutes participated in identifying the factors.
Findings
Based upon the results of the exploratory study, non-conforming factors such as “visual variation”, “functional inconvenience”, “cloth attribute variation”, “haptic variation”, “aesthetic variation” and “fit variation” were identified. The priority ranking of factors and sub-factors was done.
Research limitations/implications
The sample primarily comprised of the young adult population (19–27 years) and most of them were females (71.6 per cent). There can be other demographic factors. Research is limited to online apparel retailers. Advanced methods of prioritisation can be used.
Practical implications
The paper can be useful to online apparel retailers, vendors and manufacturers to understand the factors that may be important for improving their business.
Originality/value
There is no study that identifies the non-conformance factors related to online apparel retailing.
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Kaushik Samaddar and Aradhana Gandhi
The study explores and builds theories in Customer Perceived Values (CPVs) that drive counterfeit buying intention, using a Grounded Theory Approach (GTA) in an emerging market…
Abstract
Purpose
The study explores and builds theories in Customer Perceived Values (CPVs) that drive counterfeit buying intention, using a Grounded Theory Approach (GTA) in an emerging market, India.
Design/methodology/approach
Counterfeit studies have either resorted to a survey approach or modelling approach in investigating various aspects and dimensions. This study, among a few, attempted a GTA in building theory on CPVs. Based on the observations and recorded responses that emerged through several Focus Group Discussions (FGDs); conducted in two metropolitan cities (India), newer insights into this illicit phenomenon of “Counterfeiting” were derived.
Findings
Adding to the counterfeit literature, the study presents a comprehensive view of the CPVs. Findings reveal economic, socio-normative, pleasure-based, euphemistic, acquisition-centrality, self-regulating, situational and sustainable consumption values that influence counterfeit attitudes and in turn impact counterfeit buying intentions. Although Economic Values (ECV) have been the primary motivation for counterfeit purchase, complex and newer values that emerged through this research study bears significance.
Practical implications
As a single point of reference, this study will provide impetus to scholars and academicians in expanding the counterfeit research domain. While aiding policymakers and marketers in further understanding this illicit practice, it will also guide brand managers in strategizing their offerings and reaching out to the masses with strong brand aesthetic values.
Originality/value
Based on a systematic literature review using the 4 Ws framework, this study is one of the few attempts that has adopted a GTA to explore and develop theories on CPVs in counterfeit research.
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Sanjay Kumar Tyagi and Raghunathan Krishankumar
The purpose of this study is to analyze the combined effect of eight factors – performance expectancy (PE), effort expectancy (EE), hedonic motivation (HM), system quality (SQ)…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to analyze the combined effect of eight factors – performance expectancy (PE), effort expectancy (EE), hedonic motivation (HM), system quality (SQ), information quality (IQ), service quality (SEQ), digital literacy (DL) and computer anxiety (CA) on learners’ behavioral intention (BI) toward the adoption of e-learning in higher education institutions (HEIs) in India.
Design/methodology/approach
The study used factors from two theoretical models, the extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology and the DeLone and McLean Information Systems Success model. The study also considered DL and CA as additional factors because they could affect a learner’s intention in a developing country like India. Data were collected from three HEIs in Southern India and analyzed using fuzzy qualitative and comparative analysis (fsQCA).
Findings
The results of the study emphasize the importance of considering both individual and technological factors in e-learning adoption and provide evidence for the significance of integrating multiple theories in understanding the complex relationship between factors and learners’ BI. Four different configurations of the eight factors: EE*HM*SQ*IQ*SEQ*DL*∼CA; PE*EE*HM*SQ*IQ*DL*CA; PE*EE*HM*IQ*SEQ*DL*CA; and PE*EE*SQ*IQ*SEQ*DL*CA found to be sufficient to cause learners’ BI to use e-learning.
Research limitations/implications
This study explores the complex relationship between different factors and learners’ intention to adopt e-learning using the fsQCA method. These findings may need further validation in HEIs across different geographical locations.
Practical implications
This study provides practical insights for HEIs in India and other developing countries on how different factors combine and interact to determine e-learning adoption in multiple contexts.
Originality/value
Using fsQCA as a novel and rigorous method, this study uncovers the complex and nonlinear causal relationships among various factors that affect e-learning adoption. This study provides a holistic and contextualized understanding of e-learning adoption in a developing country’s scenario. This study can inform educators and policymakers on how to design and implement effective e-learning strategies that suit different learner profiles and contexts.
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Michael A. Merz, Dana L. Alden, Wayne D. Hoyer and Kalpesh Kaushik Desai
Sandeep Munjal and Sanjay Sharma
In the Indian context with an extended phase of high food inflation impacting the hospitality sector, there is a need for coping mechanisms to protect the business bottom line and…
Abstract
Purpose
In the Indian context with an extended phase of high food inflation impacting the hospitality sector, there is a need for coping mechanisms to protect the business bottom line and maintain revenue growth. This need is even more pronounced within the budget restaurant segment. There is limited research that identifies the approach and innovative practices that food and beverage profit centers (hotels and restaurants) can deploy to handle the impact of the identified macroeconomic variable. The purpose of this paper is to probe the general approach and innovation that the budget segment may have used to survive the impact of a sustained increase in prices of food products and related raw materials.
Design/methodology/approach
A qualitative approach is adopted for this investigation, through a mix of in‐person or telephone interviews with operating managers (F&B manager, restaurant manager and chefs). The feedback from these sources provides an understanding of the responses of the budget segment to the stated issue of inflation in food products. The qualitative approach generates a spectrum of responses that helps to document some of the best practices that yielded good results, allowing the broader segment to emulate the same.
Findings
The research helps owners and operators to draw from innovative practices and approaches used to deliver improved fiscal performance in terms of managing food cost, without adversely impacting customer experience and overall business profitability.
Research limitations/implications
There was a possibility that no clear indicators would emerge from the feedback, nonetheless the experiences that are documented through this research open doors for further research into innovative practices in managing food and beverage costs for improved profitability.
Practical implications
The budget food and beverage sector in the Indian context has been dealing with high inflation of 14 ‐ 18 per cent on the supply side. A mix of strategic choices including passing the additional cost to end users, compromises in the form of diluting product quality or quantity (portion size) or unique process changes are also possible responses.
Originality/value
This paper lists best practices and also evaluates if there is any commonality emerging from the segment in terms of the “right approach” to manage food cost under prevailing inflationary conditions.
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The present era, in its pursuits for economic development, has equated development with affluence. The balance between economic development and using natural resources for the…
Abstract
Purpose
The present era, in its pursuits for economic development, has equated development with affluence. The balance between economic development and using natural resources for the purpose needs to be solved. The previous civilisations became extinct less because of foreign invasions and more due to neglecting the ecological environment. In the same way, this civilisation is also digging its own grave.
Need for the Study
After reviewing the available literature, it is proposed to study in the context of the Punjab state of India. The pattern of receipts and expenditures of funds utilised for ecological upgradation emphasises evaluating the performance of the funds utilised for ecological improvement. Furthermore, most of the study has concentrated on the experiences of developed economies. In contrast, there have been minimal studies explicitly addressing the circumstances of emerging countries.
Methodology
The study is confined to Punjab and is based on secondary data. The Punjab government collected the annual data on expenditures and receipts from the last 10 years. The nature of the receipts and expenditures for the entire 11 sectors is determined through descriptive statistics. Moreover, the regression model and compound annual growth rate with the help of semi log model have been used to examine the extent of government funds. A line chart shows the pattern of government funding.
Practical Implications
The government can implement changes or create new environmental protection policies based on the results. As a whole, the research contributes to better environmental protection policy. The study concludes that a thorough examination of money flow in and out is essential.