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This study explores the main factors considered when shippers and container shipping lines select their import/export and transshipment ports. In the present study, 38 container port selection indices were chosen from the previous research and field interviews. The scores of the 38 items were collected via survey to the three major maritime/port market players: shippers, shipping lines, and container terminal operators. In order to analyze the different priorities imposed on the port selection factors by the three market players, the ANOVA method has been employed. The empirical test shows the different perceptions about port selection attributes among service suppliers and demanders. In addition, the 38 items have been categorized into seven key factors through an exploratory factor analysis. The ANOVA technique was employed again to analyze the perspective differences for the port selection factors among the market players. The results show that there are significant differences among the players assessing the importance of the three port choice factors: liners and terminal operators give more weight to ‘hinterland and terminal basic conditions’ than shippers; terminal operators do not take ‘line operation’ as seriously as carriers and shippers; the factor of ‘terminal operation’ is more significantly considered by liners and terminal operators than by shippers.

In current business management, knowledge is considered to be a strategic resource that can strengthen an organization’s competitiveness. Today, under the process of continuous globalization, almost all companies are rapidly exposed to global competition regardless of their scale or type of business. However, multinational management is very complicated and uncertain and it is hard for multinationals to effectively coordinate and manage their global value chains. In light of this, the utility of multinational management based on knowledge is increased. The present study examines multinational firms’ knowledge management systems, knowledge creation processes and global supply chain performance and attempts to reveal any significant linkages between these latent variables. For this research interest, we proposed 18 items to measure four types of knowledge creation processes (SECI) designed by Nonaka (1994) and revised by authors considering the global business environment, in particular involving the global supply chain management concept. Utilizing the confirmed SECI model, 128 sample companies were classified into four groups according to the levels of their knowledge creation processes. The empirical results of this study reveal important linkages between a multinational firm’s knowledge management system and knowledge creation process, as well as between its knowledge creation process and global supply chain management performance. In particular, the current work suggests that the creation and conversion of tacit knowledge as well as explicit knowledge can be effectively supported by information and communication technology.

The objectives of this paper are to estimate the annual Malmquist TFP(total factor productivity) index of Korea and China’s road freight transport with DEA(data envelope analysis) and to decompose the index into technical efficiency change and technology change. In the process of the estimation, we used labor, capital, and fuel as input factors and ton-km of road freight transport as output factor. The panel data of Korea and China’s road freight transport industry from 1985 to 2004 are used. The results of the analysis show several points. First, there was no significant improvement in China’s TFP growth before 1997, but there was continuous growth in TFP since 1997 because of constantly increasing domestic freight transport demand. Second, there was downward trend in Korea’s TFP, especially there was a large reduction of productivity in 1998 because of the huge reduction of road freight transport demand during the period of the economic crisis. Third, the technology improvements play a significant role in the TFP growth and the technical efficiency had negative effects on the TFP growth of Korea. However, the technology improvements as well as the technical efficiency had positive effects on the TFP growth of China’s road freight transport industry.

Recent advancements in information and communication technologies have led to the rapid growth of electronic commerce market. In the United States, e-commerce retail sales for 2002 reached $45.6 billion, indicating an increase of 26.9% from 2001 while total retail sales increased 3.1% during the same period. Although e-commerce sales account for only 1.4% of total sales in this country, forecasts show that the magnitude of digital economy will continue to expand. The logistical requirements of e-commerce goods that extend to each customer's address stimulate greater complexity in traditional supply chain management, potentially causing higher costs for freight supply chain participants. To harness the economic potential of e-commerce, it is important to encourage the development of a freight transportation system that will support its steady growth, while avoiding the possible negative effects from the changes in freight transportation. Due to the intrinsic nature of e-commerce goods, advances in home delivery have the potential to promote the growth of e-commerce as well as to create sustainable urban freight transportation systems. Based on the case study of the United States, this paper presents an in-depth discussion of the key challenges arising in home delivery operations, and proposes potential solution strategies that will lead to more efficient and reliable home delivery systems.

This paper employs the concept of supply chain orientation in container port management and empirically tests whether the measurement models proposed in some notable previous research have universal application. In addition, this study attempts to identify any significant causal relationships between port supply chain orientation and port performance from the view point of shipping companies. In the current study port supply chain orientation was found to have limited effect on customer satisfaction and port competitiveness, which might has been caused by some implemental and practical issues. However, the present study reveals the potential importance of port supply chain management by empirically demonstrating that “closer relationship with shipping lines” and “innovative value added service” could function as critical components for container ports/terminals to improve customer satisfaction and enhance their competitiveness.

The purpose of this study is to empirically analyze the impact of logistics efficiency on trade volume growth, and to examine the effects of lower tariffs resulting from free trade agreements. In order to measure the impact of logistics efficiency on trade volume growth, the export and import trade volume among 53 countries was introduced as the dependent variable. Macroeconomic indicators including annual average tariff rate, logistics efficiency indicators for port, air, railroad, road and container vessel connectivity, as well as dummy variables such as whether a free trade agreement was signed, were introduced as the explanatory variables. Bilateral panel data between trading nations was used to estimate the gravity panel model, and analysis followed the categorization: 1) separate inputs of the five logistics efficiency variables and 2) one aggregated input of the five variables as a single indicator. The analysis found that logistics efficiency had a statistically significant impact on bilateral trade volume growth, while the impact of lowering tariff rates on increasing trade was insignificant. In addition, logistics efficiency was found to have a greater impact on increasing trade volume than free trade agreements. These results imply that trade can be promoted more effectively by establishing and efficiently operating logistics-related infrastructure rather than traditional methods of reducing trade barriers such as lowering tariffs and signing free trade agreements.

As a response to challenges that globalization poses, governments often utilize an expansionary fiscal policy, a mix of increased compensation spending and capital tax cuts. To account for these policy measures that are consistent with neither the compensation nor the efficiency hypothesis, this study examines government fractionalization as the key conditional factor.

We test our hypothesis with a country-year data covering 24 OECD countries from 1980 to 2011. To examine how a single country juggles compensation spending and capital taxation policies jointly, we employ a research strategy that classifies governments into four categories based on their implementation of the two policies and examine the link between imports and fiscal policy choices conditioned on government fractionalization.

This study shows that highly fractionalized governments are more likely to implement an expansionary fiscal policy than marginally fractionalized governments as a policy response to economic globalization and import shock.

Our findings imply that fractionalized governments are likely to face budget deficits and debt crises, as the expansionary fiscal policy persists over time.

By examining government fractionalization as one of the critical factors that constrain the fiscal policy choice, this study enhances our understanding of the relationship between economic globalization and compensation or efficiency policies. The arguments and findings in this study explain why governments utilize the seeming incompatible policy preferences over increased compensation spending and reduced capital tax burdens as a response to globalization, potentially subsuming both hypotheses.

Using Hasbrouck’s (1995, 2002) information share method, we examine the mutual price discovery dynamics among Won/Dollar spot, forward, and NDF exchange rates in on- and off-shore FX markets. Our findings include : (i) During the entire period, the mutual price discovery between on-shore FX market and off-shore NDF market are significantly led by on-shore Won-Dollar spot and forward exchange rates. (ii) Within the period around the global crisis, NDF exchange rates have mutual influence on the price discovery, which is expecially greater than the any other period. The results show Won-Dollar spot exchange rate fluctuations during the global crisis are greatly affected by external factors of the international financial markets. Not only that, but off-shore NDF trading promptly reflects the price information of KRW on the factors.

This study aims to identify different antecedents and reveal divergent moderating effects of horizontal collectivism, thereby unlocking the asymmetric mechanisms for employees’ brand citizenship behavior (BCB) and negative word-of-mouth (NWOM).

This study uses a survey data set and analyzes it with structural equation modeling along with common latent factor analysis designed to control for common method variance.

BCB is associated with pride at work but not perceived organizational support (POS), so POS drives BCB not directly but indirectly through the emotion of pride at work. In contrast, employees’ NWOM is associated with both POS and frustration, and POS drives NWOM directly and indirectly through the emotion of frustration. Horizontal collectivism has divergent moderating effects that strengthen the relationships of BCB with POS and pride at work and weaken the relationship between employees’ NWOM and frustration.

This study makes two major theoretical contributions to internal branding. First, as a response to the need for an investigation into drivers of employees’ brand-oriented behaviors, it will identify different psychological antecedents and mechanisms for BCB and employees’ NWOM. Second, capturing the potential of horizontal collectivism on employees’ brand-oriented behaviors, this study will reveal the potential divergent moderating effects of horizontal collectivism on BCB and employees’ NWOM. These two contributions will lead to a better understanding of the different mechanisms for employees’ BCB and NWOM.

This study aims to explore the quality of user-generated content regarding readability, polarity, word length and diversity, as well as its implications for guest satisfaction in Las Vegas luxury gaming resorts.

This study examined 12,940 textual customer reviews from six luxury hotels in luxury gaming destination resorts via Google Travel gathered from SCTM 3 (Smart Crawling and Text Mining). Moreover, the regression analysis identified the relationship between the variables in the textual customer reviews and the customer’s overall satisfaction.

A key finding of this study revealed that word length moderates the relationship between readability and overall customer satisfaction negatively, whereas it positively moderates the path from sentiment polarity and diversity to overall customer satisfaction.

This study contributes to the relationship between technical aspects of online reviews. The adopted methodology allows us to precisely identify the essential attributes that influence customer satisfaction through textual reviews. Further, the study explores the quality of user-generated content, addressing aspects such as readability, polarity, diversity and word length, providing a unique perspective on how these specific elements directly impact customer satisfaction in this context of hotels in luxury in Las Vegas.

本研究探讨了用户生成内容的可读性、情感倾向、词长和多样性等方面的质量, 以及这些因素对拉斯维加斯豪华博彩度假村顾客满意度的影响。

本研究通过 SCTM 3（智能爬虫与文本挖掘）收集了谷歌旅行上的六家豪华酒店的12,940 条客户评论文本。此外, 回归分析确定了文本客户评论中的变量与客户整体满意度之间的关系。

本研究的一个关键发现是, 词长在可读性与整体顾客满意度之间的关系中起到负面调节作用, 而在情感倾向和多样性与整体顾客满意度之间的路径中起到正面调节作用。

本研究对在线评论的技术方面之间的关系作出了贡献。采用的方法使我们能够精确识别通过文本评论影响顾客满意度的关键属性。此外, 本研究探讨了用户生成内容的质量, 涉及可读性、情感倾向、多样性和词长等方面, 提供了独特视角, 揭示了这些具体元素如何直接影响拉斯维加斯豪华酒店顾客满意度。