Indrani Roy Chowdhury and Sandwip K. Das
The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of environmental regulation on green R&D, as well as to characterize the conditions under which the Porter hypothesis, both the…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of environmental regulation on green R&D, as well as to characterize the conditions under which the Porter hypothesis, both the weak as well as the strict version, may or may not hold.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors use a simple two‐stage model with environmental R&D and endogenously determined abatement costs to address these issues.
Findings
In a monopoly framework, the authors identify a channel arising out of the replacement effect that may increase R&D incentives following stricter regulation. It was found that the Porter hypothesis, both the weak as well as the strong version, is likely to hold if the new technology is relatively efficient in production, but not otherwise.
Originality/value
The paper makes a contribution towards the debate on the relationship between environmental regulation and green R&D, in particular the extremely influential Porter hypothesis.
Details
Keywords
This paper aims to describe a multi-scenario assessment of the seismogenic tsunami hazard for Bangladesh from active subduction zones in the Indian Ocean region. Two segments of…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to describe a multi-scenario assessment of the seismogenic tsunami hazard for Bangladesh from active subduction zones in the Indian Ocean region. Two segments of the Sunda arc, namely, Andaman and Arakan, appear to pose a tsunamigenic seismic threat to Bangladesh.
Design/methodology/approach
High-resolution numerical simulations of tsunami propagation toward the coast of Bangladesh have been carried out for eight plausible seismic scenarios in Andaman and Arakan subduction zones. The numerical results have been analyzed to obtain the spatial variation of the maximum tsunami amplitudes as well as tsunami arrival times for the entire coastline of Bangladesh.
Findings
The results suggest that the tsunami heights are amplified on either side of the axis of the submarine canyon which approaches the nearshore sea off Barisal in the seaboard off Sundarban–Barisal–Sandwip. Moreover, the computed tsunami amplitudes are comparatively higher north of the latitude 21.5o in the Teknaf–Chittagong coastline. The calculated arrival times indicate that the tsunami waves reach the western half of the Sundarban–Barisal–Sandwip coastline sooner, while shallow water off the eastern half results in a longer arrival time for that part of the coastline, in the event of an earthquake in the Andaman seismic zone. On the other hand, most parts of the Chittagong–Teknaf coastline would receive tsunami waves almost immediately after an earthquake in the northern segment of the Arakan seismic zone.
Originality/value
The present assessment includes probabilistic measures of the tsunami hazard by incorporating several probable seismic scenarios corresponding to recurrence intervals ranging from 25 years to over 1,000 years.