Sanat Agrawal, Deon J. de Beer and Yashwant Kumar Modi
This paper aims to convert surface data directly to a three-dimensional (3D) stereolithography (STL) part. The Geographic Information Systems (GIS) data available for a terrain…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to convert surface data directly to a three-dimensional (3D) stereolithography (STL) part. The Geographic Information Systems (GIS) data available for a terrain are the data of its surface. It doesn’t have information for a solid model. The data need to be converted into a three-dimensional (3D) solid model for making physical models by additive manufacturing (AM).
Design/methodology/approach
A methodology has been developed to make the wall and base of the part and tessellates the part with triangles. A program has been written which gives output of the part in STL file format. The elevation data are interpolated and any singularity present is removed. Extensive search techniques are used.
Findings
AM technologies are increasingly being used for terrain modeling. However, there is not enough work done to convert the surface data into 3D solid model. The present work aids in this area.
Practical implications
The methodology removes data loss associated with intermediate file formats. Terrain models can be created in less time and less cost. Intricate geometries of terrain can be created with ease and great accuracy.
Social implications
The terrain models can be used for GIS education, educating the community for catchment management, conservation management, etc.
Originality/value
The work allows direct and automated conversion of GIS surface data into a 3D STL part. It removes intermediate steps and any data loss associated with intermediate file formats.
Details
Keywords
Sunil Kumar Tiwari, Sarang Pande, Sanat Agrawal and Santosh M. Bobade
The purpose of this paper is to propose and evaluate the selection of materials for the selective laser sintering (SLS) process, which is used for low-volume production in the…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to propose and evaluate the selection of materials for the selective laser sintering (SLS) process, which is used for low-volume production in the engineering (e.g. light weight machines, architectural modelling, high performance application, manufacturing of fuel cell, etc.), medical and many others (e.g. art and hobbies, etc.) with a keen focus on meeting customer requirements.
Design/methodology/approach
The work starts with understanding the optimal process parameters, an appropriate consolidation mechanism to control microstructure, and selection of appropriate materials satisfying the property requirement for specific application area that leads to optimization of materials.
Findings
Fabricating the parts using optimal process parameters, appropriate consolidation mechanism and selecting the appropriate material considering the property requirement of applications can improve part characteristics, increase acceptability, sustainability, life cycle and reliability of the SLS-fabricated parts.
Originality/value
The newly proposed material selection system based on properties requirement of applications has been proven, especially in cases where non-experts or student need to select SLS process materials according to the property requirement of applications. The selection of materials based on property requirement of application may be used by practitioners from not only the engineering field, medical field and many others like art and hobbies but also academics who wish to select materials of SLS process for different applications.
Details
Keywords
S. Agrawal, J.P. Antunes, E. Theron, M. Truscott and D.J. de Beer
The purpose of the present work is to develop a methodology for making physical models of catchment areas and terrains by rapid prototyping (RP) using geographic information…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of the present work is to develop a methodology for making physical models of catchment areas and terrains by rapid prototyping (RP) using geographic information systems (GIS) data. It is also intended to reduce data loss by minimising intermediate data translations.
Design/methodology/approach
The GIS data of a catchment area or a terrain were directly translated to an stereo lithography (STL) file. The STL surface was then manipulated in Magics‐RP to obtain a solid STL part, which can then be downloaded to a RP machine to obtain a physical model or representation of a terrain or catchtment area.
Findings
Intricate geometries of landforms were created with ease and great accuracy in RP machines. Terrain models were created in less time and lower cost than with conventional methods.
Research limitations/implications
DEM ASCII XYZ (digital elevation model) data were used to input the required GIS data of specific terrains. Software can be developed for translation and manipulation of DEM, STL and other relevant file formats. This will eliminate any data loss associated with intermediate file transfer.
Practical implications
Terrain models were created with ease and great accuracy in RP machines. It takes less time and can be done more cost‐effectively. Terrain models have intricate geometries and for complex models, it may take months to make using conventional methods.
Originality/value
STL surfaces were obtained directly from GIS data for terrain modeling. This work fulfils the need of terrain modeling for catchment management, town‐planning, road‐transport planning, architecture, military applications, geological education, etc.
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Keywords
Vahide Korkmaz and Nilüfer Demirsoy
The purpose of this study is to assess the attitudes of individuals living in Belgium and in Emirdag in regard to patient rights and the effect of cultural differences in…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to assess the attitudes of individuals living in Belgium and in Emirdag in regard to patient rights and the effect of cultural differences in developing the attitude. This study measures the attitudes of two groups of people living in different geographies, “individuals living in Emirdag and Individuals emigrated from Emirdag to Belgium,” and yet having the same ethnic origin, common social and cultural capital.
Design methodology/approach
Implementing quantitative research, the data for the current study was obtained from a total of 1,043 participants, who were administered the Likert type “Patient Rights Attitude Scale” along with demographic questionnaire.
Findings
The total score mean of the scale is 126.09 ± 15.21 in the Emirdag group, whereas in the Belgian group, it is 129.78 ± 13.356. While the attitude with the highest mean score about patient rights in both groups observed under “the right to seek medical attention” and “the right to consent in medical and drug researches” items and thusthese items are considered as a common denominator, the two groups differed in the scale items that received the lowest average.
Social implications
It is important to determine the effects of attitudes toward patient rights and cultural differences on the development of attitudes, to determine the problems in the delivery of health services and health service procurement.
Originality/value
The structures that direct the choices and decisions of individuals in critical subjects such as organ transplantation and euthanasia, and thus having different practices in the doctrine, can be affected by individuals and even society’s rules, beliefs and values. It was concluded that immigrant participants’ dominating culture and related beliefs, rules and values play a role in the making of decision and choice.