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Article
Publication date: 12 September 2019

Sam Joshy, Jayadevan K.R., Ramesh A. and Mahipal D.

In hot forging, a significant amount of forging force is used for overcoming frictional force at the die-billet interface. The high frictional force along with thermomechanical…

91

Abstract

Purpose

In hot forging, a significant amount of forging force is used for overcoming frictional force at the die-billet interface. The high frictional force along with thermomechanical stress lead to wear, plastic deformation, mechanical fatigue and cracks, which reduce the service life of hot forging dies. Of all these different types of issues, wear is the predominant mode of failure in hot forging dies. This paper aims to describe mechanisms of wear transition in different loads at near forging temperature, occurring during sliding of chromium-based H11 tool steel specimens.

Design/methodology/approach

High temperature pin-on-disc tests are performed with pin specimens machined from bars of X38CrMoV5 steel, heat treated to surface hardness of 40-42 HRc. The disc is made of EN 31 steel with hardness of 60-62 HRc. Tests are performed at constant temperature of 500°C, and the normal load was varied from 20 to 70 N.

Findings

Scanning electron microscopy investigations on worn surface have revealed that wear is primarily due to abrasion and plastic deformation. The test results show an increasing trend in wear rate with increase in load up to 30 N, followed by a reversal in trend until 50 N. This transition in wear rate is caused by development of wear resistant layers, which are formed by compaction of wear debris particles on to the worn surfaces. These compact layers are found to be stable during load range from 40 and 50 N. However, with further increase in load, abrasive wear tracks are observed without any evidence of protective layers. As a result, there is an increase in wear rate with increase in loads above 50 N. In addition, plastic shearing was dominant over abrasive wear at this load regime.

Originality/value

The study on wear behaviour of H11 hot forging steel at 20 to 70 N will be an input to the research in hot forming industries.

Details

World Journal of Engineering, vol. 16 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1708-5284

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Article
Publication date: 29 August 2019

Sam Joshy, Jayadevan K.R., Ramesh A. and Mahipal D.

The prime task of research in hot forging industry is to improve the service life of forging dies. The in-service microstructural changes that may occur in a die during hot…

117

Abstract

Purpose

The prime task of research in hot forging industry is to improve the service life of forging dies. The in-service microstructural changes that may occur in a die during hot forging is expected to significantly affect the service life. The purpose of this work is to analyse the microstructural evolution of double tempered hot forging dies in a real industrial environment, and the correlation of microstructural and microhardness evolution to the in-service wear and plastic deformation.

Design/methodology/approach

Specific hot forging tests were carried out on double tempered AISI H11 chromium tool steel for 100, 500 and 1,000 forging strokes. Macro analysis was conducted on die cross section to analyse the wear and plastic deformation at different stages of forging cycles. Microhardness and microstructural analyses were performed on the die surface after these forging tests.

Findings

The macro analysis on the transverse section of dies shows that wear is predominant during initial forging strokes, whereas plastic deformation is observed in later stages. Microstructural analyses demonstrate that during first 500 forging cycles, carbide population decreases at 63 per cent higher rate as compared to corresponding drop during 501 to 1,000 forging cycles. Additionally, the carbide size increases at all stages of forging cycle. Further, microstructural images from dies after 1,000 forging strokes show clustering and spherodisation of carbides by which the “blocky”-shaped carbides in pre-forging samples had spherodised to form “elongated spherical” structures.

Practical implications

The findings of this work can be used in hot forging industries to predict amount of wear and plastic deformation at different stages of service. From the results of this work, the service life of double tempered H11 hot forging dies used in forging without lubrication is within 501 to 1,000 forgings.

Originality/value

Most of the literatures are focussed on the cyclic softening of material at constant temperature. This work analyses the microstructural evolution of double tempered hot forging dies in a real industrial environment and correlates the microstructural and microhardness evolution to the in-service wear and plastic deformation.

Details

World Journal of Engineering, vol. 16 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1708-5284

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Article
Publication date: 3 March 2023

Christian Lukineyo Joshi, Helene Maisonnave, Robert Luanda Baroki and Anastasie Bulumba Mariam

The purpose of this study was to show how pro-gender public policies in the agricultural sectors can contribute to the reduction of gender inequalities in the labour market and…

225

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to show how pro-gender public policies in the agricultural sectors can contribute to the reduction of gender inequalities in the labour market and the diversification of the Congolese economy.

Design/methodology/approach

Computable general equilibrium model that has been adapted to the Congolese economy from the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)'s SAM.

Findings

The results reveal that policies of increasing women's land allocation and government cash transfers to rural female households contribute to the reduction of inequalities in the labour market. However, only the policy of increasing women’s land allocation improves economic diversification.

Research limitations/implications

The implementation of the policy of government cash transfers to rural women's households comes at a cost to the government. Future studies to look at the most effective mode of financing for this policy. Moreover, the policy of increasing women's land allocation is feasible in the DRC as there is a lot of unused arable land available.

Social implications

In Pillar 1 of the National Strategic Development Plan (PNSD) on Economic Diversification and Transformation, the policy of increasing land allocation to women could be added to the objectives related to strengthening the contribution of agriculture to economic growth and employment creation. In Pillar 3 of the PNSD on Social Development and Human Resource Development, the policy of increasing land allocation to women as well as the policy of increasing government transfers to female rural households could be added to the objectives related to the promotion of employment of youth, women and vulnerable groups.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study of its kind for the DRC, which highlights the impact of pro-gender policies on women's employment, particularly in the agricultural sectors and in the diversification of the Congolese economy. This study contributes to policy orientation in DRC. The two policies (increasing land allocation to women and cash transfers to rural women) analysed in this study were chosen in light of the DRC's National Strategic Plan, the first phase of which focuses on promoting employment for vulnerable groups and economic diversification through the development of agricultural sectors.

Details

Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies, vol. 14 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2044-0839

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Article
Publication date: 28 March 2024

Jianan Ma and Fangxuan (Sam) Li

Proenvironmental hotels and hotels with green initiatives are emerging as a method to address environmental issues and respond to tourists’ environmental concerns. To better…

400

Abstract

Purpose

Proenvironmental hotels and hotels with green initiatives are emerging as a method to address environmental issues and respond to tourists’ environmental concerns. To better understand what can encourage reservations in proenvironmental hotels, this study aims to investigate the connection between the performing arts watching experience and the preference for such a hotel.

Design/methodology/approach

Five scenario-based experiments were conducted. A total of 1,024 participants for the five studies were recruited with the help of Credamo, a commonly used Chinese data collection platform.

Findings

The results indicated that viewing performing arts could increase tourists’ preferences for proenvironmental hotels. This phenomenon occurred due to the fact that performing arts watching experience can induce a psychological state of self-transcendence in individuals, which, in turn, can raise their levels of altruism, and ultimately lead to proenvironmental hotel choices. This effect will not occur, however, when people watch performing arts with either an extrinsic motivation or in an analytical state.

Practical implications

The findings of this study provide hotel managers with a novel approach to market the proenvironmental attributes of their hotels and to promote tourists’ proenvironmental behaviors.

Originality/value

This study proposes performing arts viewing experiences as a novel way to encourage proenvironmental hotel choice. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to explore the impact of the performing arts watching experience on tourist behavior.

Details

International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, vol. 36 no. 10
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0959-6119

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Article
Publication date: 27 October 2020

Olivia Johnson and Stefanie Ann Ramirez

Omnichannel retailing has changed the behaviour of consumers by empowering activities like showrooming which is the process of collecting product information in store then making…

3071

Abstract

Purpose

Omnichannel retailing has changed the behaviour of consumers by empowering activities like showrooming which is the process of collecting product information in store then making the purchase online. Since individuals, particularly Millennials, interact with multiple touchpoints throughout their shopping journey, retailers must consider how these experiences influence purchasing behaviour. Literature regarding showrooming has focussed primarily on antecedents to the phenomenon and the negative effects to brick and mortar retailers, however limited studies have investigated the quantitative influence of showrooming from the consumers' perspective. While data show that interest in online shopping is spiking, a vast majority of retail sales are made in-store suggesting barriers to online shopping still exist. Thus, the purpose of this research is to identify the role of showrooming in decreasing risk in an online shopping context. Additionally, Millennial generational cohorts (MGCs) were proposed as moderators in exploring the differences between the dimensions of perceived risk and online shopping intention.

Design/methodology/approach

To explore the relationship between showrooming and MGCs online shopping behaviour an online survey was administered. Data were collected from 480 Millennial consumers at a large southwestern university. Multiple linear regression was used to determine the direction, magnitude and significance of relationships within the models.

Findings

Results from the analysis revealed showrooming and MGCs influence online shopping behaviour as it relates to dimensions of risk. Moreover, showrooming increased online shopping intention specifically in relation to product and financial risk.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to the relevant literature by proposing a relationship between showrooming and online shopping behaviour. This research provides evidence that Millennials are not a monolithic generation and consume differently.

Details

International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, vol. 49 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0959-0552

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Article
Publication date: 1 February 2000

Yaw A. Debrah and Ian G. Smith

Presents over sixty abstracts summarising the 1999 Employment Research Unit annual conference held at the University of Cardiff. Explores the multiple impacts of globalization on…

11596

Abstract

Presents over sixty abstracts summarising the 1999 Employment Research Unit annual conference held at the University of Cardiff. Explores the multiple impacts of globalization on work and employment in contemporary organizations. Covers the human resource management implications of organizational responses to globalization. Examines the theoretical, methodological, empirical and comparative issues pertaining to competitiveness and the management of human resources, the impact of organisational strategies and international production on the workplace, the organization of labour markets, human resource development, cultural change in organisations, trade union responses, and trans‐national corporations. Cites many case studies showing how globalization has brought a lot of opportunities together with much change both to the employee and the employer. Considers the threats to existing cultures, structures and systems.

Details

Management Research News, vol. 23 no. 2/3/4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0140-9174

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Article
Publication date: 20 August 2024

Ike C. Ehie and Luis Miguel D.F. Ferreira

Given the sudden increase in plant investments across the manufacturing sector due to recent disruptions in the global supply chain caused by the COVID pandemic, the…

144

Abstract

Purpose

Given the sudden increase in plant investments across the manufacturing sector due to recent disruptions in the global supply chain caused by the COVID pandemic, the Ukraine/Russian war, ocean piracy incidents, and others, there is a need to strategically align the investments decisions with the overall business strategy. This study aims to establish whether strategic alignment enhances the effect of plant investments on operational performance.

Design/methodology/approach

Using the fifth version of the Global Manufacturing Research Group (GMRG V) dataset, we employ a structural equation model (SEM) to establish the moderating role of strategic alignment in plant investments-operational performance relationships.

Findings

The results suggest that strategic alignment enhances the positive effect of plant investments on operational performance, especially in cost, delivery, flexibility, and innovation. However, we found partial support for the moderating role of strategic alignment on quality performance.

Research limitations/implications

Although the study was based on the GMRG global dataset and numerous papers have been published using the same dataset, the use of a convenience sample on a select group of companies may limit the generalizability of the results. With the increase in new plant investments in computer chip manufacturing, electronics, and electrical in recent years, the findings could help corporate executives maximize the benefits of their investment decisions. Companies should ensure that their plant investment decisions are strategically aligned with their overall business strategy to achieve optimal outcomes.

Practical implications

With the increase in new plant investments in computer chip manufacturing, electronics, and electrical in recent years, the findings could help corporate executives maximize the benefits of their investment decisions. Companies should ensure that their plant investment decisions are strategically aligned with their overall business strategy to achieve optimal outcomes.

Originality/value

The study comprehensively demonstrates that the extent of improvement in operational performance depends on how closely plant investment decisions align with the overall company strategy. Manufacturers should align major investment decisions with competitive priorities driven by market requirements to enhance operational performance.

Details

Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, vol. 35 no. 8
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1741-038X

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Article
Publication date: 17 December 2018

Carliss D. Miller, Orlando C. Richard and David L. Ford, Jr

In management research, little is known about how ethno-racial minority leaders interact with similar employees in supervisor–subordinate relationships. This study aims to examine…

597

Abstract

Purpose

In management research, little is known about how ethno-racial minority leaders interact with similar employees in supervisor–subordinate relationships. This study aims to examine and provide a deeper understanding of individuals’ negative reactions to similar others, thus highlighting the double-edged nature of demographic similarity which has historically predicted positive affective reactions.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a survey design, the authors collected data from supervisor-subordinate dyads from multiple companies from the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex in Texas, USA. They used ordinary least squares regression and conditional process analysis to test the hypotheses, including a two-stage moderation and moderated mediation.

Findings

Incorporating social context, i.e. minority status, as a moderator, the results show that ethno-racial minority leaders supervising ethno-racially similar subordinates were more vulnerable to relationship conflict than non-minority dyads. This, in turn, is linked to a reduction in the leaders’ feelings of trust toward their ethno-racially similar subordinate.

Originality/value

This study draws on social identity theory and status characteristics theory to explain the contradictory processes and outcomes associated with dyadic ethno-racial similarity and suggests the conditions under which dyad racial similarity is connected with unfavorable outcomes. This framework helps to broaden the boundary conditions of relational demography to provide a more nuanced explanation of when and why minority leaders in demographically similar hierarchical dyads experience more relationship conflict, which ultimately diminishes trust.

Details

International Journal of Conflict Management, vol. 30 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1044-4068

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Article
Publication date: 1 March 2013

Joongyeup Lee, Yan Zhang and Larry T. Hoover

Police factor in extra‐legal as well as legal context in their decision to arrest a suspect. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of extra‐legal factors at both…

3406

Abstract

Purpose

Police factor in extra‐legal as well as legal context in their decision to arrest a suspect. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of extra‐legal factors at both situational and neighborhood levels.

Design/methodology/approach

Using hierarchical generalized linear modeling, over 9,000 domestic violence cases across 421 census tracts in Houston, Texas were examined. Situational information was derived from police reports, and neighborhood factors were measured by population characteristics drawn from the US Census Bureau. The model also controls for spatial autocorrelation of arrest rates between census tracts in the estimation of officer's arrest decision.

Findings

At the neighborhood level, concentrated disadvantage and immigration concentration had positive effect on the odds of arrest. At the situational level, the time of day, day of the week, premise type, and gender and racial relations between suspect and complainant, along with offense type and weapons use, had significant impact.

Originality/value

The scant literature has not yet provided an affirmative set of extra‐legal factors affecting police arrest decision. The paper's findings may contribute to the literature and suggest the need for guidelines concerning officer discretion exercised in the line of duty.

Details

Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, vol. 36 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1363-951X

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Article
Publication date: 29 April 2021

Alondra D. Garza, Amanda Goodson and Cortney A. Franklin

The current study examined police response, specifically identification and arrest decisions, to nonfatal strangulation occurring within the context of intimate partner violence.

391

Abstract

Purpose

The current study examined police response, specifically identification and arrest decisions, to nonfatal strangulation occurring within the context of intimate partner violence.

Design/methodology/approach

Data for the present study were derived from a sample of 117 possible nonfatal strangulation case reported to a police agency located in one of the fifth largest and most diverse US cities. A series of logistic regression models were employed to examine the role of victim, suspect and case characteristics on officer formal identification of strangulation and officer arrest decisions.

Findings

Results revealed that 14% of all intimate partner violence (IPV) cases reported to the police agency involved possible nonfatal strangulation and less than half of all possible nonfatal strangulation cases were formally identified as such by officers. The odds of formal identification of strangulation by police increased when strangulation was manual and when victims reported difficulty breathing. Injury and formal identification increased the odds of arrest.

Originality/value

This study is the first to examine predictors of police formal identification and arrest decisions in nonfatal strangulation occurring within intimate partner violence incidents.

Details

Policing: An International Journal, vol. 44 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1363-951X

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