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It has been argued that product data libraries have the potential to improve global real-estate development and increase productivity. Product data libraries provide the basis to support diverse national classification systems and different languages. The aim of this paper is to identify product data management (PDM) systematics and recommend future development needs to building product libraries, focusing on the functional shortcomings and data processing deficiencies found in the current libraries.

A literature review of state-of-the-art practices of BIM within the construction industry was conducted including product libraries, supply chains, guidelines, industry tools and practices, and general use of BIM. Findings from the literature review were complemented with insights from the academia and industry by obtaining data through focused interviews with experts who were chosen based on their prestige and reference.

As a result of the studies performed for this article, roadmaps are proposed for product library implementation globally. The role of standardization in implementing BIM-compatible product libraries is highlighted.

This article covers the state-of-the-art practices of PDM in BIM libraries, which is useful for the development of coherent BIM libraries for the AEC industry worldwide.

The career concept has become fuzzier due to changing work patterns, the ageing workforce and the environmental changes occurring during workers lifespans. Together this requires a renewed and broader reaching contextualization of this concept. The purpose of this paper is to set out an integrative approach arguing that the integration of career stage models with occupational groups proves more explanative of intrinsic and extrinsic worker motivations.

Secondary data from 23 European countries were drawn from the European Social Survey 2006. The construct validity and reliability of indicators was analyzed. Hypotheses were tested using discriminant analysis.

Results showed that neither occupations nor career stages are determinants per se of intrinsic motivations, but are better explained by their mutual integration. Career stages were shown to predict per se extrinsic motivations.

The recourse to the European Social Survey pre-determined scales and the application of age ranges as proxies for careers stages suggested the usage of more specific measures in future studies.

Career management and compensation policies might be better tailored to worker motivations by considering the age ranges (as proxies of career stages) and workers’ occupations.

Findings evidenced the explanatory value of occupations for worker motivations and allowed putting into perspective the contextualization of not only boundaryless and protean career concepts, but also career stage theories. Data support the ecological validity of applying a career stages and occupations framework to a highly diversified and representative sample of European countries.