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Article
Publication date: 15 July 2022

Nimra Sarwar, Sajid Haider, Muhammad Hanif Akhtar and Khuda Bakhsh

This study aims to examine moderated-mediation between ethical leadership (EL) and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Specifically, a moderating effect of high performance…

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Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to examine moderated-mediation between ethical leadership (EL) and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Specifically, a moderating effect of high performance managerial practices (HPMPs) on the indirect effect of EL on OCB through employees’ psychological empowerment (PE) was tested.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from 267 bank employees including subordinates and their supervisors. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was used for data analysis.

Findings

The results indicate that PE mediates the relationship between EL and OCB, and HPMPs enhance OCB by increasing the effect of EL on employees’ PE.

Research limitations/implications

This study contributes to human resource management and leadership literature by explaining the moderated-mediation mechanisms between EL and OCB. The findings help to understand how HPMPs enhance employees’ OCB by strengthening the effect of EL on PE. Limitations are related to external validity and cross-sectional nature of data.

Practical implications

Organizations’ use of HPMPs makes ethical leaders more effective in enhancing employees’ PE and, subsequently, their OCB.

Originality/value

Previous research lacks evidence on the indirect effect of EL on employee OCB through PE. Moreover, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, no previous study has examined the moderating effect of HPMPs on the abovementioned indirect relationship. This study has addressed the abovementioned research gap.

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Article
Publication date: 2 September 2021

Arsalan Shakoor, Sajid Haider, Muhammad Hanif Akhtar and Muhammad Ali Asadullah

The purpose of this study was to examine a moderated mediation model of job dissatisfaction and workplace social support in the relationship between work–life conflict and…

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine a moderated mediation model of job dissatisfaction and workplace social support in the relationship between work–life conflict and turnover intentions.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected in a cross-sectional survey of 220 police investigation officers. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was applied for data analysis.

Findings

Empirical findings of study indicate that work–life conflict enhances employee turnover intentions by creating job dissatisfaction. However, workplace social support buffers this effect and reduces turnover intentions by weakening the effect of work–life conflict on job dissatisfaction.

Research limitations/implications

This study contributes to personnel management and organizational psychology literature by explaining how workplace social support can affect the mediating process of job dissatisfaction through which the relationship between work–life conflict and turnover intentions is determined. The limitations are related to external validity, single source data and cross-sectional nature of data.

Practical implications

Organizational leaders and practitioners can take insights from the findings of this study that if workplace social support prevails at a level greater than work–life conflict, it will nullify or suppress the effect of work–life conflict on turnover intentions by reducing job dissatisfaction.

Originality/value

The originality value of this study is that it has addressed the scarcity of testing boundary conditions of the indirect effect of work–life conflict on turnover intentions through job dissatisfaction.

Details

International Journal of Organizational Analysis, vol. 31 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1934-8835

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Article
Publication date: 29 April 2021

Saba Haider, Mian Sajid Nazir, Alfredo Jiménez and Muhammad Ali Jibran Qamar

In this paper the authors examine evidence on exchange rate predictability through commodity prices for a set of countries categorized as commodity import- and export-dependent…

577

Abstract

Purpose

In this paper the authors examine evidence on exchange rate predictability through commodity prices for a set of countries categorized as commodity import- and export-dependent developed and emerging countries.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors perform in-sample and out-of-sample forecasting analysis. The commodity prices are modeled to predict the exchange rate and to analyze whether this commodity price model can perform better than the random walk model (RWM) or not. These two models are compared and evaluated in terms of exchange rate forecasting abilities based on mean squared forecast error and Theil inequality coefficient.

Findings

The authors find that primary commodity prices better predict exchange rates in almost two-thirds of export-dependent developed countries. In contrast, the RWM shows superior performance in the majority of export-dependent emerging, import-dependent emerging and developed countries.

Originality/value

Previous studies examined the exchange rate of commodity export-dependent developed countries mainly. This study examines both developed and emerging countries and finds for which one the changes in prices of export commodities (in case of commodity export-dependent country) or prices of major importing commodities (in case of import-dependent countries) can significantly predict the exchange rate.

Details

International Journal of Emerging Markets, vol. 18 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1746-8809

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Article
Publication date: 16 August 2019

S. Bilal, Muhammad Sohail and Rahila Naz

The purpose of this paper is to highlight the studies of momentum and transmission of heat on mixed convection boundary layer Darcy‒Forchheimer flow of Casson liquid over a linear…

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to highlight the studies of momentum and transmission of heat on mixed convection boundary layer Darcy‒Forchheimer flow of Casson liquid over a linear extending surface in a porous medium. The belongings of homogeneous‒heterogeneous retorts are also affianced. The mechanism of heat transmission is braced out in the form of Cattaneo‒Christov heat flux. Appropriate restorations are smeared to revolutionize coupled nonlinear partial differential equations conforming to momentum, energy and concentration of homogeneous‒heterogeneous reaction equations into coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs).

Design/methodology/approach

Numerical elucidations of the transmogrified ODEs are accomplished via a dexterous and trustworthy scheme, namely optimal homotopy analysis method. The convergence of planned scheme is exposed with the support of error table.

Findings

The exploration of mixed convection Darcy‒Forchheimer MHD boundary layer flow of incompressible Casson fluid by the linear stretched surface with Cattaneo‒Christov heat flux model and homogeneous‒heterogeneous reactions is checked in this research. Imitations of the core subsidized flow parameters on velocity, temperature and concentration of homogeneous‒heterogeneous reactions solutions are conscripted. From the recent deliberation, remarkable annotations are as follows: non-dimensional velocities in xa− and xb− directions shrink, whereas the non-dimensional temperature upsurges when the Casson fluid parameter ameliorates. Similar impact of Casson fluid parameter, magnetic parameter, mixed convection parameter, inertia parameter, and porosity parameter is observed for both the components of velocity field. An escalation in magnetic parameter shows the opposite attitude of temperature field as compared with velocity profile. Similar bearing of Casson fluid parameter is observed for both temperature and velocity fields. Enhancement in concentration rate is observed for growing values of (Ns) and (Sc), and it reduces for (k1). Both temperature and concentration of homogeneous‒heterogeneous upturn by mounting the magnetic parameter. Demeanor of magnetic parameter, Casson fluid parameter, heat generation parameter is opposite to that of Prandtl number and thermal relaxation parameter on temperature profile.

Practical implications

In many industrial and engineering applications, the current exploration is utilized for the transport of heat and mass in any system.

Originality/value

As far as novelty of this work is concerned this is an innovative study and such analysis has not been considered so far.

Details

Multidiscipline Modeling in Materials and Structures, vol. 15 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1573-6105

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Article
Publication date: 10 February 2022

Muhammed Sajid, K.A. Zakkariya, Meera Peethambaran and Anoop George

The primary goal of this study is to determine the predictors of on-demand ridesharing intention in an emerging economy. For this purpose, the study uses the theoretical…

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Abstract

Purpose

The primary goal of this study is to determine the predictors of on-demand ridesharing intention in an emerging economy. For this purpose, the study uses the theoretical underpinnings of the theory of planned behavior (TPB).

Design/methodology/approach

The study surveyed 347 frequent users of ridesharing services using a set of pre-validated scales. The resulting data were analyzed using covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM).

Findings

The results of SEM analysis disclosed that the significant factors contributing to ridesharing intention are awareness of environmental consequences, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control and attitude (towards ridesharing).

Practical implications

This empirical research provides statistically robust insights for developing marketing strategies that attract more individuals toward ridesharing services.

Originality/value

This research has remarkable significance as it is one of the pioneering studies that critically examine the determinants of ridesharing intention from a South Asian emerging economy. Further, the extended TPB framework proposed in this study explains 71.4% variance in ridesharing intention, which is significantly higher than existing studies, with none of them explaining more than 70% variance.

Details

Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, vol. 33 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1477-7835

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Article
Publication date: 8 August 2019

Sajid Mohy-Ul-Din, Sarminah Samad, Mohsin Abdur Rehman, Mirza Zaar Ali and Usman Ahmad

This study aims to investigate the relationship between institutional trust, dispositional trust and trust in takaful products with the mediating effect of service-provider…

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Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the relationship between institutional trust, dispositional trust and trust in takaful products with the mediating effect of service-provider expertise.

Design/methodology/approach

The data for this study were collected from 385 takaful policyholders from Lahore and Islamabad, Pakistan. The relationship is estimated with PLS-SEM using the bias-corrected bootstrapping method.

Findings

For paths 1 and 2, the results suggest a significant positive relationship between institutional trust, dispositional trust, service provider expertise and trust in takaful products. Results for the bias-corrected bootstrapping model revealed that service provider expertise mediates the relationship between intuitional trust, dispositional trust and trust in takaful products.

Research limitations/implications

Data were collected from provincial and federal capital cities of Pakistan where institutional setting is much much as compared to other cities

Practical implications

From the managerial perspective, the dispositional trust would help them in choosing appropriate marketing strategy, segmentation, new product development, targeting and positioning to increase penetration. At the same time, takaful companies need to improve their expertise, knowledge and information-sharing mechanism for fostering overall consumer perception of trust in takaful products.

Social implications

Insurance, conventional or Islamic, is meant to transfer risk to the third party. Regulators need to improve overall institutional factors because improvement will strengthen the trust level of the general public. Stringent institutional settings act as a sense of strong structural assurance and situational normality. A rise in trust level would induce people to purchase more policies and carry on risky investments that would ultimately result in higher economic growth.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no empirical study has been conducted to examine the impact of institutional and dispositional trust on trust in takaful products with the mediating effect of service provider expertise

Details

International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, vol. 12 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1753-8394

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Book part
Publication date: 17 August 2011

Riaz Ahmed Shaikh

Pakistan's present war against extremists has many folds and sheds. The country's initial participation in the Afghan War in 1979 later gave birth to different extremist trends in…

Abstract

Pakistan's present war against extremists has many folds and sheds. The country's initial participation in the Afghan War in 1979 later gave birth to different extremist trends in the country. State patronage of the extremist Wahabi Islamists during the Afghan jihad opened another conflict in Pakistan, and things became more complicated. The combination of external and internal factors gave birth to the worst kind of conflict, which now has not only become dangerous for the country's own existence but also a major threat for global peace. The Afghan jihad initially started as a war against Soviet occupation and later became the hub of global jihad-war against infidels.

This chapter analyzes how external factors promoted internal contradictions in Pakistan due to which the country became not only an exporter of jihadis for the world but also the worst kind of sectarian conflicts, including. Shia–Sunni, Deobandi–Wahabi clashes, entered into in the past two decades. Such a strong link exists with Pakistan's official support to global jihad. Draft sectarian groups now head to head with their opponents have killed thousands of members of rival sectors, have strong support from external sympathizers, and have spread in the country. The well planned terrorist activities of these groups reflect the fact that support to these groups in the past is now leading to a severe crisis in Pakistan. The nexuses of these indigenous extremists like Lashkar-e-Jhangvi, Lashkar-e-Taiba, Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan, and Hizb-ul-Mujahideen with external terrorist organizations like Al-Qaeda, the Taliban, and Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan of Tahir Yuldasher Chechen Guerilla War has led to several bloody clashes in the country and outside.

Details

Governance, Development and Conflict
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-0-85724-896-1

Available. Open Access. Open Access
Article
Publication date: 15 June 2022

Adnan M. Rawashdeh, Malek Bakheet Elayan, Mohamed Dawood Shamout and Salima Hamouche

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of human resource development on turnover intention through the mediating role of organizational commitment.

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of human resource development on turnover intention through the mediating role of organizational commitment.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper used a quantitative research design. Data were collected from 204 flight attendants employees working at Royal Jordanian Airlines Company using an email survey questionnaire. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was adopted to test the hypothesized model.

Findings

The results assure positive effect of human resource development (HRD) on organizational commitment. Negative effect of both HRD and organizational commitment to turnover intention is observed. The results also confirm that the effect of HRD on turnover intention is negatively mediated by organizational commitment.

Originality/value

This research paper extends the literature by empirically adducing evidence that organizational commitment negatively mediated the effect of human resource development on turnover intention of the airlines in Jordan.

研究目的

本研究擬透過組織承諾的中介角色,探討人力資源發展對離職意向的影響。

研究設計/方法/理念

本研究採用了定量研究法。數據透過電郵問卷調查,從204名在皇家約旦航空公司工作的機艙服務員取得的。研究人員使用結構方程模型來測試假設模型。

研究結果

研究結果確認了人力資源發展對組織承諾的積極作用,也肯定了人力資源發展和組織承諾兩者對離職意向的負面影響。研究結果亦確認了人力資源發展對離職意向的影響,是會受組織承諾負介導的。

研究的局限

由於研究在約旦的航空工業內進行,故取得的數據不能概括地廣泛應用於其他行業上。

研究的啟示

研究的結果,在人力資源發展、組織承諾和離職文獻的知識體系上提供了新的信息。本研究亦顯示了在一個仍未充分探討、處於發展中國家的公司的背景下,人力資源發展、組織承諾與離職意向三者之間的相互作用。由於過去對人力資源發展和離職的研究大多是在發達國家進行的,故本研究的結果,確切證明了在發展中國家的背景裡,機艙服務員對人力資源發展的看法,會影響其態度的情感部分和行為意向。再者,本研究或可填補以發展中國家為背景之離職文獻研究缺口,尤其是約旦。實際上,面對員工有離職意向這挑戰的航空公司管理階層或需特別關注這個學術研究,這也正是本研究主要的啟示。航空公司經理和政策制定者可使用本研究的結果、作為他們研發人員保持策略的指導原則,以把員工離職的意欲減至最低。

研究的原創性/價值

研究以實驗為依據,引證了就約旦航空公司而言,人力資源發展對離職意向的影響,是會受組織承諾負介導的。

Details

European Journal of Management and Business Economics, vol. 31 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2444-8451

Keywords

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Article
Publication date: 31 July 2020

Zainab Akhtar, Jong Weon Lee, Muhammad Attique Khan, Muhammad Sharif, Sajid Ali Khan and Naveed Riaz

In artificial intelligence, the optical character recognition (OCR) is an active research area based on famous applications such as automation and transformation of printed…

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Abstract

Purpose

In artificial intelligence, the optical character recognition (OCR) is an active research area based on famous applications such as automation and transformation of printed documents into machine-readable text document. The major purpose of OCR in academia and banks is to achieve a significant performance to save storage space.

Design/methodology/approach

A novel technique is proposed for automated OCR based on multi-properties features fusion and selection. The features are fused using serially formulation and output passed to partial least square (PLS) based selection method. The selection is done based on the entropy fitness function. The final features are classified by an ensemble classifier.

Findings

The presented method was extensively tested on two datasets such as the authors proposed and Chars74k benchmark and achieved an accuracy of 91.2 and 99.9%. Comparing the results with existing techniques, it is found that the proposed method gives improved performance.

Originality/value

The technique presented in this work will help for license plate recognition and text conversion from a printed document to machine-readable.

Details

Journal of Enterprise Information Management, vol. 36 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1741-0398

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Article
Publication date: 27 April 2010

Asad Aman and Gillian Hopkinson

The purpose of this paper is to consider the impact of the entry of international wholesalers upon existing fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) channel structures and the…

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to consider the impact of the entry of international wholesalers upon existing fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) channel structures and the relationships between channel members in Pakistan.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper draws on primary and secondary data. Industrial and published sources are used to describe the retail industry and traditional channel structures in Pakistan. Semi‐structured interviews with industry experts and channel participants (manufacturers, distributors, local and organised wholesalers and retailers) over the period illustrate the perspectives of different channel members.

Findings

Although currently holding small market share, the entry and growth of international, consolidated wholesale has opened alternative channel structures. This poses a threat to some channel members and creates relationships that alter the distribution of power in the channel. In this fluid situation, there is the possibility of substantial change in Pakistan's FMCG retail.

Research limitations/implications

The nature of the Pakistan retail market creates difficulties in compiling statistics or generalising from observations. The paper uses published statistics, industry reports and interviews to nevertheless be able to comment on this important market.

Originality/value

The paper looks at an under‐researched market and comments upon the first steps in that market towards consolidation and internationalisation. In looking at the reactions of extant market players to this recent development, the paper provides useful insight and guidance to those (manufacturers, retailers and analysts) interested in retail in Pakistan.

Details

International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, vol. 38 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0959-0552

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