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By drawing on previous research on mechanism-based explanations and business-to-business engagement, the purpose of this study is to identify and define mechanisms that enhance Internet of Things (IoT) engagement.

By positioning the study within the paradigm of critical realism (CR), this paper used multiple case study research. This paper applied 12 in-depth, semi-structured interviews, an observation and firm documents as data-gathering tools.

This paper argues that the higher-level phenomenon (Institutional logic of the IoT ecosystem) leads to a higher-level outcome (IoT engagement). As lower-level situational mechanisms, this paper found IoT readiness and transparency in the ecosystem. Action-formation mechanisms were acknowledged as communication, availability of an IoT interface, and support. Commitment, trust, satisfaction and software maintenance and updates were recognized as transformational mechanisms.

The findings will help managers to understand which mechanisms to focus on when forming engagement strategies for onboarding new actors and strengthening relationships with existing actors. Furthermore, this paper suggests considering the IoT readiness of new actors more critically, as this mechanism was found to be the most crucial one for an early stage of engagement in an IoT ecosystem.

This study helps understand the causal structures behind engagement and enhances the theoretical and practical domain of IoT engagement. In addition, this study demonstrates the value of applying CR for generating knowledge about a phenomenon through causal explanations.

This study aims to investigate business-to-business (B2B) engagement within an internet of things (IoT) ecosystem. A conceptual framework is proposed that can be used for building engagement strategies considering key actors within an IoT ecosystem.

The study used an integrative literature review as a research method and investigated engagement across several disciplines along with antecedents and outcomes of engagement to form an understanding of IoT engagement.

The findings in this study revealed IoT engagement antecedents as IoT readiness, commitment, communication, involvement and support and, consequently, the outcomes of IoT engagement as trust, loyalty, better performance and satisfaction. Furthermore, IoT engagement needs to be considered from three perspectives, namely, from a multidimensional perspective, beyond a dyad perspective and from the service-dominant logic perspective, which suggests thinking of goods as services and highlights the importance of value co-creation.

As the study of B2B engagement within the IoT ecosystem is conceptual, empirical investigations are suggested for elaborating on the findings.

The conceptual framework provides managers within an IoT ecosystem with thorough recommendations on why to change their perspectives toward engagement; it points out drivers of engagement that need to be maintained and adds IoT readiness as a new antecedent to engagement literature.

This study contributes a coherent conceptualization of actors’ engagement within IoT ecosystems and enhances both the theoretical and practical domain of B2B engagement.

This paper explores the role of Internet of things (IoT) enabling factors in adopting digital supply chain.

Analytical hierarchy process (AHP) was used to rank performance measures and prioritise the enabling factors. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to validate and support key research findings from the AHP analysis.

The results show that level of customer demand is the most important indicator in adopting IoT while the level of product/process flexibility is the least important. System integration and IoT infrastructure are the top two enabling factors in increasing the level of process stability, supply chain connectivity, and product/process flexibility, respectively. Furthermore, the study suggests that the enabling factors for IoT adoption are directly connected with organisational resources/technological capabilities that support the resource-based view theory. This research identified interdependencies between IoT enabling factors and key performance measures for IoT adoption success in managing the digital supply chain.

Supply chain managers can use the empirical findings of this study to prioritise IoT adoption, based on the relative importance of enabling factors and performance measures. The research findings are focused on broader supply chain practices of large companies rather than a specific industry and SMEs. Hence, any industry-specific adoption factors and SMEs were not evident from this study.

This research study empirically established priorities of enabling factors for IoT adoption, along with inter-dependencies among enabling factors as a basis for developing guidelines for IoT adoption.

In this study, the researchers explored the predictive powers of corporate cultural factors and self-efficacy on Pakistan's public sector bank employees' organizational commitment.

The researchers designed a co-relational study based on cross-sectional data using a questionnaire to collect the data from the Pakistan public sector banks' managers, assistant managers and operational managers. Consequently, the researchers based this study's findings on the 270 valid responses to the questionnaire.

This study's findings reveal that, except for teamwork, together with self-efficacy, the corporate cultural factors comprising organizational communication, training and development and reward and recognition have positive and significant impacts on organizational commitment. More specifically, self-efficacy plays a mediating role in terms of the relationships between organizational commitment and organizational communication, training and development and reward and recognition.

From establishing the most relevant corporate cultural factors, the researchers consider that this study's findings are helpful to policymakers and organizations in developing organizational commitment among employees. More practically in the case of Pakistan's public sector banks, the employees can improve employees' performance by recognizing the significance of the corporate cultural factors on employees' organizational commitment. In addition, the researchers consider that this study's findings can improve managerial efficiency which, in turn, can lead to the organizations becoming more successful.

In the context of Pakistan's public sector banks, this study's findings provide empirical insights to the relationships between the corporate cultural factors and organizational commitment. In addition, the findings provide insights to the role played by self-efficacy in mediating these relationships.

The business ambiguity because of COVID-19 has brought the tourism industry under stress. Using the service-dominant-logic and elaboration-likelihood-model, this study tested the effects of destination-based cognitive, affective and behavioral customer brand engagement (CBE) on customer brand co-creation (CBC). This research also examined the effects of involvement and CBC on customer revisit intention (CRI) during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study also tested the moderating role of customers’ age among the modeled relationships.

Investigating these matters, a sample of 315 tourists was recruited and adopted a mixed-method approach, including structural equation modeling (SEM) as well as fuzzy set qualitative-comparative analysis (fsQCA).

SEM results render that CBE’s dimensions exercise different impacts on CBC, which affect revisit-intention. Results ascertain customer involvement’s direct effects on CBC and revisit intention. Multi-group analysis uncovers that consumer age significantly moderates the CBC and CRI relationship, and their effect increases as consumers get older. The fsQCA results revealed more heterogenous combinations to predict CBC and revisit intention.

This study focuses on CBE, CBC and involvement, and contributes unique insight to tourism marketing research; thus, it identifies plentiful opportunities for further research, as summarized.

This study offers key implications for destinations to build tourism/marketing strategies to strengthen the CBE/CBC or tourist/destination–brand relationship.

Though CBE/CBC and involvement are identified as important research priorities, empirically derived insights among these and related factors remain limited in the course of the COVID-19 crisis.

本文采用结构方程模型(SEM)和模糊集定性比较分析(fsQCA)相结合的方法, 对315名游客进行了调查。

由于新型冠状病毒感染症(COVID-19)产生的业务不定性给旅游业带来了压力。本研究运用服务主导逻辑和精细似然模型, 检验了基于目的地的认知、情感和行为顾客品牌参与(CBE)对顾客品牌共同创造(CBC)的影响。本研究还考察了COVID-19大流行期间参与和CBC对客户重访意愿(CRI)的影响。检验了顾客年龄在模型关系中的调节作用。

SEM结果表明, CBE的维度对CBC有不同的影响, 而这种影响又会影响着重游意愿。结果确定了游客参与对CBC和重访意愿的直接影响。多群体分析发现, 消费者年龄显著调节CBC和CRI关系, 且随着消费者年龄的增长, 其作用增强。fsQCA结果显示需更多的异质组合来预测CBC和再访意向。

-本研究关注CBE、CBC和参与, 为旅游营销研究提供了独特的见解, 因此总结出了许多进一步研究的机会。

本研究为目的地建立旅游/营销策略以加强CBE/CBC或游客/目的地-品牌关系提供了重要启示。

尽管CBE/CBC和参与被认为重要的研究重点, 但在covid −19危机期间, 从这些因素和相关因素中得出的经验见解仍然有限。

Para investigar estas cuestiones, se seleccionó una muestra de 315 turistas y se utilizó un enfoque metodológico mixto que incluía el modelo de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM) y el análisis cualitativo-comparativo de conjuntos difusos (fsQCA).

La confusión empresarial debida a la pandemia del COVID-19 ha sometido al sector turístico a una fuerte tensión. Utilizando la lógica dominante del servicio y el modelo de elaboración de verosimilitud, este estudio examinó los efectos del compromiso cognitivo, afectivo y comportamental del cliente con la marca del destino (CBE) en la cocreación de la marca (CBC). Esta investigación también analizó los efectos de la implicación y la CBC en la intención de revisita (IRC) durante la pandemia COVID-19. Este estudio también evaluó el papel moderador de la edad de los clientes entre las relaciones establecidas.

Los resultados del SEM muestran que las dimensiones de la CBE ejercen diferentes impactos sobre la CBC, que afectan a la intención de revisita. Los resultados determinan los efectos directos de la implicación del cliente sobre la CBC y la intención de revisita. El análisis multigrupo revela que la edad del consumidor modera significativamente la relación entre el CBC y el IRC, y que su efecto aumenta a medida que los consumidores envejecen. Los resultados del fsQCA revelaron combinaciones más heterogéneas para predecir el CBC y la intención de volver a visitar.

Este estudio se centra en la CBE, la CBC y la implicación, y aporta una visión única a la investigación del marketing turístico, por lo que identifica numerosas oportunidades para futuras investigaciones.

Este estudio ofrece implicaciones clave para que los destinos construyan estrategias de turismo/marketing en el fortalecimiento de la relación CBE/CBC o turista/destino-marca.

Aunque la CBE/CBC y la implicación se identifican como importantes prioridades de investigación, las percepciones derivadas empíricamente entre estos factores y otros relacionados siguen siendo limitadas en el transcurso de la crisis del COVID-19.

The flow and heat transfer of a hybrid nanofluid composed of kerosene and ZnO-Al2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) is investigated. The flow occurs over complex surfaces with stretching and shrinking features. The base fluid is electrically conducting, and an external magnetic field is added so that the nanofluid and the electric field are in equilibrium. Irrotational flow with viscous dissipation effects is considered.

The governing equations of the system are formulated, and a similarity transformation is used to convert the system of equations into ordinary differential equations, which are solved numerically. The friction coefficient of the flow and the Nusselt number are calculated for a wide range of parameters, and the results are presented in graphical form. In addition, dual solutions of the problem were noticed to occur for a certain range of the unsteadiness parameter. A stability analysis has been performed and presented to elucidate the behavior of these dual solutions.

For the solution of the upper branch, the velocity and temperature profiles of the nanofluid are enhanced by increasing the magnetic field parameter M, but the same variables decrease in the solution of the lower branch. The same trend is detected for the velocity of the fluid with the suction parameter. The temperature of the nanofluid decreases in both branches of the solution by increasing the Prandtl number. Similarly, they decrease with the suction parameter. The temperature of the nanofluid slightly increases in both branches of the solution by increasing the Eckert number. With the stability analysis the authors performed, it was determined that the solution is stable in the upper branch, but unstable in the lower branch.

The kerosene nanofluid with hybrid Zinc/Aluminum-oxide is presented for the first time in the literature.