The importance of organic chemicals in the wide field of metal treatment is only gradually being realised. A carefully planned approach to the selection of suitable organic…
Abstract
The importance of organic chemicals in the wide field of metal treatment is only gradually being realised. A carefully planned approach to the selection of suitable organic additives for metal treatment processes is very much overdue, say the authors. They herein discuss the newer organic chemicals in metal protection and lubrication with particular reference to their use in the prevention of corrosion.
Firdovsi Tataroglu Sejidov and Yagoub Mansoori
The paper aims to study the effects of introducing oxypropyl segments into the trimethylolpropane (TMP) esters along with lowering the linear chain length from C5‐C9 to C5‐C6 on…
Abstract
Purpose
The paper aims to study the effects of introducing oxypropyl segments into the trimethylolpropane (TMP) esters along with lowering the linear chain length from C5‐C9 to C5‐C6 on the properties of base lubricants.
Design/methodology/approach
Various amounts of oxypropylene segments were introduced into the TMP skeleton and obtained polyols subsequently esterified by pure C5‐, C6‐, and mixture of C5‐C6‐ aliphatic monocarboxylic acids of normal structure (SFAc mixture).
Findings
Introducing oxypropylene segments into TMP skeleton, along with lowering the carboxylic acid chain length from C5‐C9 to C5‐C6, ester base lubricants obtained improved mechanical and wear preventive characteristics.
Research limitations/implications
Because of complexity of obtained mixture, it was impossible to study the structure and composition of the obtained products by modern techniques such as high field NMR spectroscopy.
Practical implications
The obtained materials have high boiling points under reduced pressure (2 mmHg). Producing higher vacuums will make the distillation process easier.
Originality/value
This paper fulfils detail information on the experimentally preparation of oxypropylated TMPs as synthetic base lubricants. The synthesized compounds showed improved properties such as high viscosity at 100°C, low pour point, high flash point, and totally excellent viscosity‐temperature properties than simple TMP esters and some literature reported ester base lubricants.
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35. Milk which does not come up to requirements is returned to the farmers, and this rule appears to be more stringently enforced by co‐operative societies than by private firms…
Abstract
35. Milk which does not come up to requirements is returned to the farmers, and this rule appears to be more stringently enforced by co‐operative societies than by private firms, the control over the farmer being greater in the case of the former than the latter. In most cases, morning milk and the milk of the previous evening arrive in the early morning at the creamery. These milks are not mixed at the farm but arrive in separate cans, the morning milk being warm and the evening milk cold on arrival. It may here be noted that milking is done at twelve‐hour intervals (5 a.m. and 5 p.m.) so that the composition of morning and evening milk shows very little variation. Where a creamery condenses full cream milk, morning milk is the milk preferred, and when possible this is the milk which is condensed.
10. In selecting the places which we visited our aim was to see the manufacture of condensed milk and other dairy products under different conditions and to obtain as…
Abstract
10. In selecting the places which we visited our aim was to see the manufacture of condensed milk and other dairy products under different conditions and to obtain as representative an idea as possible of the circumstances under which the whole process, from the milking of the cow to the final stage of manufacture, was conducted. Accordingly we visited the following places:—
Om P. Kharbanda and Ernest A. Stallworthy
In the continuing endeavour to work towards ever better management,the engineering manager has a crucial role to play. The history of theengineer is reviewed and his/her possible…
Abstract
In the continuing endeavour to work towards ever better management, the engineering manager has a crucial role to play. The history of the engineer is reviewed and his/her possible present role in management is considered. Management objectives are outlined and defined and the specific role of the engineer emphasised. The best managers are leaders, in particular effective leaders of teams, and this is a management task well within the grasp of the engineer. The engineer′s specific training and initial experience give him/her special qualifications in this area. Indeed, there seems to be no reason why the engineer should not climb the management ladder right to the top, especially these days when technology is continually growing in importance. The demands made on the effective chief executive are outlined. It would seem that engineering management has come of age and that with the appropriate management training the engineer should be well capable of filling a senior management role.
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Elizabeth Tricomi and Samantha DePasque
Performance feedback about whether responses are correct or incorrect provides valuable information to help guide learning. Although feedback itself has no extrinsic value, it can…
Abstract
Performance feedback about whether responses are correct or incorrect provides valuable information to help guide learning. Although feedback itself has no extrinsic value, it can produce subjective feelings similar to “rewards” and “punishments.” Therefore, feedback can play both an informative and a motivational role. Over the past decade, researchers have identified a neural circuit that processes reward value and promotes reinforcement learning, involving target regions of dopaminergic input (e.g., striatum and ventromedial prefrontal cortex). Importantly, this circuit is engaged by performance feedback even in the absence of reward. Recent research suggests that feedback-related brain activity can be modulated by motivational context, such as whether feedback reflects goal achievement, whether learners are oriented toward the informative versus evaluative aspect of feedback, and whether individual learners are motivated to perform well relative to their peers. This body of research suggests that the brain responds flexibly to feedback, based on the learner’s goals.
The purpose of this paper is to outline a research agenda for the phenomena of projects grounded in Continental philosophy concepts as an alternative to the dominant Analytical…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to outline a research agenda for the phenomena of projects grounded in Continental philosophy concepts as an alternative to the dominant Analytical thinking.
Design/methodology/approach
A theoretical exploration of Continental concepts in generic terms; discussion of the examples of discourse on various philosophical lenses in different disciplines; discussion of extant examples in the project literature of Continental themes; conceptualisation and discussion of the Continental research agenda.
Findings
The integrated Continental research agenda proposes three key themes: experience, projectyness and being. This interpretive lens is important for providing an alternative worldview to the dominant Analytical viewpoint.
Originality/value
The paper provides an integrated Continental framework (drawing on a variety of Continental themes) for the conceptualisation of, and inquiry into the experience of project work. It highlights how our worldview impacts our interpretation of phenomena.
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There have recently been concerted efforts by many post‐conflict African countries to formulate and implement policies and measures that will reconstruct and develop their…
Abstract
There have recently been concerted efforts by many post‐conflict African countries to formulate and implement policies and measures that will reconstruct and develop their societies. Much of the discussions of realizing post‐conflict reconstruction and development have generally focused on disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration (DDR) of ex‐combatants. What is however, missing is a discussion on capacity development and capacity building initiatives to help in reconstruction in the period after DDR. This paper therefore examines the importance of capacity development in post‐conflict African environment. It notes that while demobilising and disarming warring factions is important, the success of reconstruction efforts in a post‐conflict environment depends largely on the ability to build and develop capacity and skills that are pertinent to helping reconstruct and promote the development goals of the countries. It is argued that post‐conflict societies should have a coherent and co‐ordinate approach to rebuilding, reconstructing and developing the capacity of the state in order to achieve the state’s legitimacy and effectiveness. Such capacity development measures should involve the development of physical infrastructure; the building of the state’s institutional structures; the promotion of good political and economic governance; skills and education training for individuals; and measures to improve and deliver security and social services.
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Richard J. Hughbank and Leland C. Horn
The concept of leadership is an oft-discussed issue among practitioners and scholars alike without regard to culture, background, or organizational affiliation. Based on our…
Abstract
The concept of leadership is an oft-discussed issue among practitioners and scholars alike without regard to culture, background, or organizational affiliation. Based on our international experiences, leadership is an art that is traditionally taught as a science which is impacted via various psychological concepts. It is both a natural phenomenon and a learned attribute that is planted, nurtured, developed, and tested over time. Certain leadership approaches are formal, only succeeding in formal settings and environments while others are dependent upon conditioning of the leader. Regardless of one’s leadership style and characteristics, it is critical that both leaders and followers define and understand the variances between failure and success within an organization. This chapter addresses international leadership styles and the psychological theories that support differing approaches assisting the reader to more clearly understand and identify the subtle differences in the development of a successful leader and organization from global perspectives.