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Article
Publication date: 1 March 1998

Ana‐Maria Wahl

Investigates urban bias in state policy making in Mexico. Refers to literature claiming that rural poverty in developing nations is a major problem because capitalism reflects an…

862

Abstract

Investigates urban bias in state policy making in Mexico. Refers to literature claiming that rural poverty in developing nations is a major problem because capitalism reflects an urban bias. Examines social security coverage for the rural poor in Mexico and notes that there are great variations depending on area, suggesting that social security coverage is politically negotiable. Outlines briefly the historical development of Mexico’s welfare state and uses a power resource model to demonstrate how groups with competing interests go about securing benefits from the state. Cites literature on dependency theory, indicating that rural groups have failed to mobilize politically and have therefore not secured the same state resources (such as social security benefits and housing) as urban groups, yet argues that this does not always apply in Mexico, partially due to party politics and bureaucratic paternalism. Explains how data was collected to examine regional variations in social security coverage among the rural poor and how the data was analysed. Reveal that workers in important international export markets (such as cotton and sugar) have greater political leverage in obtaining better social security benefits. Notes also that areas supporting the political party in power obtain better benefits. Concludes, therefore, that rural workers are not powerless in the face of urban capitalism and that urban bias and dependency theories do not reflect the situation in Mexico – rather social security benefits are politically negotiable.

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International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, vol. 18 no. 2/3/4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0144-333X

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Article
Publication date: 11 September 2009

Dimitrios Pontikakis

The purpose of this paper is to examine the hypothesis that those with a university qualification in science and technology (S&T) enjoy favourable labour market outcomes.

363

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the hypothesis that those with a university qualification in science and technology (S&T) enjoy favourable labour market outcomes.

Design/methodology/approach

Analysis is based on individual‐level data detailing the labour market experiences of Irish university graduates upon entering employment. A Gini‐Hirschman index is used to estimate the number of occupational options open to graduates of a particular educational background. Additionally, an ordered probit model of earnings is estimated, which is controlling other factors, measures the effect of S&T education on the distribution of earnings.

Findings

S&T graduates have a wider occupational domain. Additionally, tabulations indicate that on the whole they tend to earn more. Application of an ordered probit model controlling for other factors suggests that engineering graduates enjoy a clear earnings advantage; however the opposite appears to be the case for science graduates.

Originality/value

The paper presents original insights into the occupational outcomes of Irish technical graduates. The relatively lower earnings of science graduates bring into question the current preoccupation with the supply side and suggest that a closer look at the demand for such skills may be warranted. These findings may be interesting for policy seeking to influence skill structure and for further studies investigating the returns to components of skill.

Details

International Journal of Manpower, vol. 30 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0143-7720

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Article
Publication date: 11 September 2017

Leonid Gokhberg, Alexander Sokolov and Alexander Chulok

The purpose of this paper is to present the results of the recent Russian Science and Technology Foresight – a full-fledged study targeted at the identification of the most…

808

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present the results of the recent Russian Science and Technology Foresight – a full-fledged study targeted at the identification of the most promising areas of science and technology (S&T) development in Russia towards 2030 to ensure the realisation of the nation’s competitive advantages. It was organised as a complex project involving dozens of organizations performing particular tasks under the overall coordination by the National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE) and more than 2,000 experts in various S&T fields.

Design/methodology/approach

Its methodology embraced a set of qualitative and quantitative methods and combined technology push and market pool approaches. For seven S&T areas (information and communication technologies, biotechnologies, medicine and health, new materials and nanotechnologies, rational use of nature, transportation and space systems, energy efficiency and energy saving), the following types of results have been obtained: global trends, national challenges and windows of opportunities; new markets and niches; innovation products and services; prospective technologies and R&D fields (50 thematic groups, over 1,000 items for all areas); assessment of the country’s positions vis-à-vis global leaders; recommendations for S&T and innovation policies.

Findings

The paper covers prospective drivers of economic growth and relevant implications for anticipatory evidence-based policy; discussions of national challenges and building a common vision of the future among key stakeholders; the role of Foresight in particular as a communication platform that helps integrating stakeholder interests; strengthening existing and developing new capacities to increase national competitiveness; and to move up along existing and emerging global value chains.

Originality/value

The Russian S&T Foresight, being deeply integrated in the national policy, can be considered as an exemplar tool for “wiring up” the national innovation system (NIS) of an emerging economy with its specific features and problems facing large-scale challenges.

Details

foresight, vol. 19 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1463-6689

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Article
Publication date: 1 August 2024

Mouna Idoudi, Mohamed Ayoub Tlili, Manel Mellouli and Chekib Zedini

Effective teamwork is crucial for patient safety in healthcare. The TeamSTEPPS Teamwork Perceptions Questionnaire (T-TPQ) is a widely used tool for assessing teamwork perceptions…

78

Abstract

Purpose

Effective teamwork is crucial for patient safety in healthcare. The TeamSTEPPS Teamwork Perceptions Questionnaire (T-TPQ) is a widely used tool for assessing teamwork perceptions. The T-TPQ has been adapted and validated for hospital setting use in several countries. This study aimed to translate and validate the T-TPQ into French for use among Tunisian healthcare professionals, enhancing teamwork assessment and patient safety initiatives.

Design/methodology/approach

A rigorous process ensured cultural and linguistic adaptation of the T-TPQ, including back-translation, expert panel review, and pilot testing. 459 healthcare professionals from four hospitals in Kairouan, Tunisia participated. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) compared the original five-factor structure with a revised structure based on exploratory factor analysis (EFA).

Findings

Both CFA models demonstrated good fit, with no significant difference between them (∆χ2 = 22.51, p = 0.79). The original five-factor structure was retained due to its established theoretical foundation. The French T-TPQ exhibited strong internal consistency (α = 0.9). Two-way Random ICCs indicated fair to good test-retest reliability for all the five dimensions (0.633–0.848).

Research limitations/implications

Several limitations should be acknowledged. The use of a questionnaire as a data collection tool is the source of a reporting bias, for fear of being identified or for reasons of “social desirability”. Nevertheless, this social desirability was minimal, as Baker et al. (2010) took steps to mitigate this during the instrument's development. Additionally, for assessing attitudes and perceptions, self-reported measures are deemed more effective, whereas objective measures are advocated for behavioral assessments. Furthermore, the participants were informed of the absence of good or bad answers, the importance of answering as closely as possible, and the confidentiality. Moreover, considering the data collection period, the COVID- 19 pandemic and its potential impact on recruitment, data collection, and participant responses. Although the sample size of 459 met the recommended criteria for conducting confirmatory factor analysis, as suggested by Bentler and Chou (1987) and (Floyd and Widaman, 1995), the COVID-19 pandemic presented challenges in recruitment. The increased workload and stress on healthcare professionals, coupled with staff redeployment and research restrictions within hospitals and care units, likely hindered achieving an even larger sample size. These circumstances also necessitated adjustments to data collection methods to ensure safety and adherence to pandemic protocols. This involved incorporating online surveys option with paper-based questionnaires and implementing stricter hygiene measures during in person data collection. Furthermore, the pandemic impacted the teamwork perceptions as significantly redefined the healthcare environment, placing immense pressure on professionals due to surging patient volumes, staff shortages, and the emotional burden of caring for critically ill individuals. This heightened stress and workload likely influenced teamwork dynamics, potentially fostering both positive adaptations, such as increased cohesion and support, as well as negative consequences like communication breakdowns and decreased morale (Terregino et al., 2023).

Practical implications

We outline significant practical implications for leaders in health care for improving teamwork and patient safety. Or, healthcare leaders can significantly enhance teamwork and patient safety by incorporating the validated French T-TPQ into their improvement strategies. This reliable tool enables the assessment of staff perceptions regarding teamwork strengths and weaknesses, specifically in areas like communication and leadership. By identifying these crucial areas, leaders can implement targeted training programs and interventions. In fact, the existing body of research consistently demonstrates the positive impact of team training interventions, on both teamwork processes and patient outcomes. These interventions have been shown to enhance teamwork skills (Baker et al., 2010; Thomas and Galla, 2013; Weaver et al., 2014). In areas such as communication, leadership, situation monitoring, and mutual support, leading to decreased mortality and morbidity rates (Weaver et al., 2014). Implementing team training programs fosters trust and collaboration around shared goals, contributing to a more effective and safer healthcare environment for both patients and professionals. Additionally, the culturally adapted T-TPQ not only benefits individual healthcare settings but also unlocks opportunities for broader research and collaboration on a global scale. By enabling cross-cultural comparisons and benchmarking, the T-TPQ can deepen our understanding of how teamwork dynamics vary across diverse healthcare environments and cultural contexts. This knowledge is invaluable for tailoring teamwork interventions and training programs to specific populations and settings, ensuring their effectiveness and cultural relevance. Moreover, integrating teamwork training into continuing professional development, interprofessional and medical education initiatives is crucial for cultivating collaborative competencies and building high-performing healthcare teams. Research has shown that interprofessional teamwork experiences significantly enhance collaborative competencies among nursing and medical students, emphasizing the importance of incorporating teamwork training early in healthcare education. This approach equips future healthcare professionals with the necessary skills to navigate complex team environments, ultimately improving patient care quality and mitigating workload issues that contribute to burnout (Simin et al., 2010; Ceylan, 2017; Fox et al., 2018).

Originality/value

The French version of the T-TPQ was semantically equivalent and culturally relevant with adequate test-retest reliability as compared to the English version, expanding its applicability and contributing to understanding teamwork perceptions in this context. The French T-TPQ offers a valuable tool for assessing teamwork, identifying areas for improvement, and implementing interventions to enhance teamwork and patient safety in Tunisia and potentially other French-speaking regions.

Details

Journal of Health Organization and Management, vol. 38 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1477-7266

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Article
Publication date: 1 December 1957

S.T. BROAD

After such an inspiring address by Sir Edward Boyle and the brilliant lecture by Lord Verulam I am really left rather breathless and I expect your capacity for taking any more is…

84

Abstract

After such an inspiring address by Sir Edward Boyle and the brilliant lecture by Lord Verulam I am really left rather breathless and I expect your capacity for taking any more is almost negligible.

Details

Aslib Proceedings, vol. 9 no. 12
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0001-253X

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Article
Publication date: 1 June 1967

CYRIL CLEVERDON

The investigation dealt with the effect which different devices have on the performance of index languages. It appeared that the most important consideration was the specificity…

725

Abstract

The investigation dealt with the effect which different devices have on the performance of index languages. It appeared that the most important consideration was the specificity of the index terms; within the context of the conditions existing in this test, single‐word terms were more effective than concept terms or a controlled vocabulary.

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Aslib Proceedings, vol. 19 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0001-253X

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Article
Publication date: 1 June 1964

ANYBODY whoses daily work involves the planning and spending of money must at all times be concerned by efforts to ensure that value is being obtained for the money spent. Those…

80

Abstract

ANYBODY whoses daily work involves the planning and spending of money must at all times be concerned by efforts to ensure that value is being obtained for the money spent. Those of us who, as librarians, are spending the money of fellow tax‐payers, are naturally doubly concerned about this problem. In addition, the very phrase “value for money” to a Yorkshireman is a continual challenge, and a point on which he instinctively feels, rightly or wrongly, that he has some secret inborn knowledge.

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New Library World, vol. 65 no. 12
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0307-4803

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Article
Publication date: 1 April 1964

Charles A. Stansfield

Recreation is a many‐faceted phenomenon. It is curious that so dominant a place in American recreational literature has been held, virtually without exception, by studies of…

223

Abstract

Recreation is a many‐faceted phenomenon. It is curious that so dominant a place in American recreational literature has been held, virtually without exception, by studies of recreational activities in dominantly rural settings. The necessity of examining and understanding the characteristics of and utilization of recreation facilities within nonurban environments is not in question. The rapidly increasing economic and social significance of leisure in American life certainly requires studies of recreation in all its forms. Such frequently publisized trends in the American economy as the rising percentage of employment within the service industries, including recreation, should encourage interest in the economic aspects of the approaching era of greater leisure among more people. Accelerating urbanization has led understandably, to a search for additional nonurban sites for recreation, and to a program of analysis of the trends within and problems associated with outdoor recreation.

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The Tourist Review, vol. 19 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0251-3102

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Article
Publication date: 1 March 1973

Dr.H.L. Theuns

International tourism belongs to the so‐called tertiary or service sector. It distinguishes itself from a number of other components of the service sector, such as public…

470

Abstract

International tourism belongs to the so‐called tertiary or service sector. It distinguishes itself from a number of other components of the service sector, such as public administration, health‐care and education, by its export orientation, which it has in common with activities like international air and sea transport and international road transport. Contrary to the latter the so‐called invisible export of tourist services takes place within the exporting country. The international tourist services, apart from the international tourist transport services, do not leave the country of production, but the consumer travels to the country where these services are offered. In this way, the production of international tourist services distinguishes itself fundamentally from all other export oriented production processes.

Details

The Tourist Review, vol. 28 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0251-3102

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Book part
Publication date: 9 December 2016

Fiffy Hanisdah Saikim, Bruce Prideaux, Maryati Mohamed and Zulhazman Hamzah

In Sabah, Malaysia, illegal hunting has increased in recent years putting considerable pressure on large mammal populations. The causes for this phenomenon lie in increasing rural…

Abstract

In Sabah, Malaysia, illegal hunting has increased in recent years putting considerable pressure on large mammal populations. The causes for this phenomenon lie in increasing rural poverty, ineffective policies to regulate hunting, as well as a ready market for many wildlife products in the Chinese medicine markets. This paper examines how Community-Based Ecotourism has some potential to be used as a tool to reducing poaching using the Tidong community in Sabah as a case study. The key finding is that successful conservation outcomes for Community-Based Ecotourism projects are only sustainable over the long run if projects are structured to ensure that the local community is able to continue effective management once sponsoring organizations hand over control and that revenue from tourism does not decline. If tourist revenue declines communities may be forced to revert to previous practices reversing any initial conservation gains.

Details

Advances in Hospitality and Leisure
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78635-615-4

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