To provide new structures and applications of CCII for analog signal processing.
Abstract
Purpose
To provide new structures and applications of CCII for analog signal processing.
Design/methodology/approach
New structure and new applications suitable for low voltage analog signal processing.
Findings
These structures developed for CCII can be used in development for future low voltage applications.
Research limitations/implications
Structures cannot be realized due to unavailability of funding at place of research.
Practical implications
Can be useful information for future low voltage analog designs.
Originality/value
The paper presents new ideas for CCII applications.
Details
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T. Parveen, S.S. Rajput and M.T. Ahmad
Aims to present a new low voltage CCII‐based high frequency performance voltage mode multifunctional filter, which can realize standard biquadratic low pass, band pass and high…
Abstract
Purpose
Aims to present a new low voltage CCII‐based high frequency performance voltage mode multifunctional filter, which can realize standard biquadratic low pass, band pass and high pass functions through appropriate selection of admittances.
Design/methodology/approach
Describes the filter which consists of a CMOS plus type CCII along with five passive components out of which four components are grounded while one is floating.
Findings
Simulation results indicate matching between theoretical and simulated performances over a wide dynamic range.
Originality/value
Provides simulation results that confirm the excellent performance of a multifunctional CCII+ filter.
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William C. Curran and Matt C. Danbrook
Child welfare services (CWSs) globally continue to absorb high rates of children living with or suspected of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). Such high prevalence rates…
Abstract
Purpose
Child welfare services (CWSs) globally continue to absorb high rates of children living with or suspected of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). Such high prevalence rates render CWS with major ethical and moral dilemmas of meeting complex needs. Currently, many jurisdictions are challenged by diagnostic capacity and cost implications of formal FASD diagnosis. This paper aims to recommend a screening protocol to address management gap between FASD initial presentation and formal diagnosis.
Design/methodology/approach
This is a follow-up paper from a grounded-theory study of a sample (N = 18) of child welfare social workers (CWSWs), allied health professionals and foster parents. A stepwise protocol was developed through systematical interpretation of the final data.
Findings
The application of a five-step screening protocol would greatly support CWSW in meeting the needs of children with suspected FASD. This CWSWs-led assessment model incorporates a clinical evaluation to exclude neurodevelopmental conditions caused by known genetic disorders, followed by behavioral and neurocognitive psychosocial assessments.
Research limitations/implications
This study had several limitations. Firstly, as a specific social work-based sample, it is not necessarily representative of the wider population of social workers globally due to different cultural responses to FASD in CWSs. The transferability of findings will have to be considered due to cultural variations concerning FASD.
Practical implications
By offering a management and nonlabeling approach, this five-step screening protocol offers a delineated pathway for CWSW and addresses the major professional frustrations while seeking to plan safe care for a child suspected of having FASD.
Social implications
The research offers a pragmatic low-cost to society to alleviate the mounting social and monetary implications of FASD. A large percentage of children impacted by prenatal alcohol exposure do not qualify under formal clinical diagnostic guidelines. Leaving these children without intervention is problematic. The recommendation of this study addresses this critical gap in services. The primary aim is to alleviate the burden on this cohort of vulnerable children by offering nonlabeling neurodevelopmental screening.
Originality/value
The direct implications of FASD and how it impacts CWS are well documented. However, few studies focus on the critical interface of FASD and the role of CWSW responsible for planning their safe care. This paper offers a novel pragmatic and functional multistep protocol to aid CWSW in this complex area of practice.
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Virupaxi Bagodi and Prasannna P. Raravi
The purpose of this paper is to identify the input, process and output factors (along with their manifest variables) of small and medium enterprises (SMEs), and to establish cause…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to identify the input, process and output factors (along with their manifest variables) of small and medium enterprises (SMEs), and to establish cause and effect relationships amongst the factors and sub-factors. Systems thinking, a holistic approach, is used to carry out qualitative analysis of the feedback loops.
Design/methodology/approach
A well-structured questionnaire was developed to gather the relevant data to identify the factors affecting the performance of SMEs in a holistic manner. A total of 150 responses were collected during November 2015–March 2016. Factor analysis and path analysis were used to establish causal relationships between input, process and output factors. The systems thinking approach has been used for qualitative analysis.
Findings
Feedback loops have been identified amongst input-process-output-input factors and amongst sub-factors. They enabled authors to infer that the managers/owners of SMEs are systems thinkers, if not completely, at least partially. Six negative feedback loops and one positive feedback loop prevail. System behaviour arises out of the interaction of positive and negative feedback loops; it appears that in the long-run, the SMEs attain their target levels. The following inferences are drawn: circular relationships are identified amongst input, processes and organisational performance (OP), modern management tools such as just in times, Kanban have long-term benefits and are perceived as ineffective by small enterprises and formal financing and functional transparency enhances OP.
Originality/value
Systems thinking, a holistic approach, has been used to study the effect of input, process and output factors on one another. Such studies are sparse, especially, in the Indian context. Many studies have been conducted to study the effect of input and of processes on performance such as innovation, information technology, human resource, technology, government regulation on performance of SMEs in a silo but, rarely all together. The qualitative analysis adds value to the research. Many of the outcomes of the research have been largely discussed in Indian print media which indicates the pragmatic approach of the research.
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Radhalakshmi Ramakrishnan and Maqsood A. Chaudhry
This paper aims to present a design of a single power supply, low voltage (1.2) high performance operational amplifier using 0.13 μm technology whose characteristics are superior…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to present a design of a single power supply, low voltage (1.2) high performance operational amplifier using 0.13 μm technology whose characteristics are superior compared to the other designs available in the literature.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors set out to design an operational amplifier whose characteristics will be superior to the current available designs in the literature. Because of potential applications, a single 1.2 V supply was used. The layout was obtained using Microwind 0.13 μm technology. The design was tested using PSPICE Version 10.0. Various amplifier parameters were obtained and are compared with the other single supply, low voltage amplifiers available in the literature.
Findings
The presented amplifier has better characteristics such as open loop gain, power supply rejection ratio, common mode rejection ratio, etc.
Practical implications
Since, 0.13 μm, 1.2 V technology has become standard in digital VLSI design, there is a great need for high performance operational amplifiers that operate off of 1.2 V for mixed signal applications in such areas as mobile phones.
Originality/value
The presented amplifier has better characteristics compared to few 1.2 V supply voltage amplifiers available in the literature.
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Kulbhushan Sharma, Anisha Pathania, Jaya Madan, Rahul Pandey and Rajnish Sharma
Adoption of integrated MOS based pseudo-resistor (PR) structures instead of using off-chip passive poly resistors for analog circuits in complementary metal oxide semiconductor…
Abstract
Purpose
Adoption of integrated MOS based pseudo-resistor (PR) structures instead of using off-chip passive poly resistors for analog circuits in complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology (CMOS) is an area-efficient way for realizing larger time constants. However, issue of common-mode voltage shifting and excess dependency on the process and temperature variations introduce nonlinearity in such structures. So there is dire need to not only closely look for the origin of the problem with the help of a thorough mathematical analysis but also suggest the most suitable PR structure for the purpose catering broadly to biomedical analog circuit applications.
Design/methodology/approach
In this work, incremental resistance (IR) expressions and IR range for balanced PR (BPR) structures operating in the subthreshold region have been closely analyzed for broader range of process-voltage-temperature variations. All the post-layout simulations have been obtained using BSIM3V3 device models in 0.18 µm standard CMOS process.
Findings
The obtained results show that the pertinent problem of common-mode voltage shifting in such PR structures is completely resolved in scaled gate linearization and bulk-driven quasi-floating gate (BDQFG) BPR structures. Among all BPR structures, BDQFG BPR remarkably shows constant IR value of 1 TΩ over −1 V to 1 V voltage swing for wider process and temperature variations.
Research limitations/implications
Various balanced PR design techniques reported in this work will help the research community in implementing larger time constants for analog-mixed signal circuits.
Social implications
The PR design techniques presented in the present piece of work is expected to be used in developing tunable and accurate biomedical prosthetics.
Originality/value
The BPR structures thoroughly analyzed and reported in this work may be useful in the design of analog circuits specifically for applications such as neural signal recording, cardiac electrical impedance tomography and other low-frequency biomedical applications.