The purpose of this paper is to characterize 25 collections of pigeon pea from south‐west Nigeria using nutritional and anti‐nutritional contents of the seeds.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to characterize 25 collections of pigeon pea from south‐west Nigeria using nutritional and anti‐nutritional contents of the seeds.
Design/methodology/approach
The nutritional and anti‐nutritional constituents of 25 collections of pigeon pea were determined. Data collected were subjected to correlation, principal components and fastclus analyses.
Findings
Ariation among the collections for the nutrient contents was low. Trypsin inhibitor content had the highest variability ranging between 21.74 and 35.43 Tiu/mg. Protein and trypsin inhibitor contents were significant and negatively correlated. The first three principal components explained 74.0 per cent of the total variation. Fastclus procedures grouped the collections into three. Members of cluster 1 had the highest value for protein and the lowest concentrations of the anti‐nutritional factors (ANFs). Cluster 2 possessed relatively low protein with high level of ANFs while cluster 3 was intermediate between clusters 1 and 2 for most characters.
Originality/value
The results indicate that members of cluster 1 with high protein and low levels of ANFs are good candidates in breeding/selecting pigeon pea cultivars with enhanced nutritional values.
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S.B. Fasoyiro, S.R. Ajibade, A.J. Omole, O.N. Adeniyan and E.O. Farinde
African yam bean (Sphenotylis stenocarpa), bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranean), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) and lima bean (Phaseolus luunatus) are some of the minor grain…
Abstract
Purpose
African yam bean (Sphenotylis stenocarpa), bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranean), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) and lima bean (Phaseolus luunatus) are some of the minor grain legumes found in Nigeria. Their utilization has been very limiting because little is known about their nutritive value. The proximate, minerals and antinutritional factors of two collections of African yam bean, lima beans and pigeon pea, and one collection of bambara groundnut seeds grown in south‐western Nigeria were studied.
Design/methodology/approach
Dry seeds of two collections of African yam bean, pigeon pea and lima beans, and a collection of bambara groundnut were collected from Oyo and Ondo States in south‐western Nigeria. The legumes were sorted, milled and stored in polythene bags at 4°C.
Findings
The crude protein in the legumes was in the range of 22–37 per cent, crude fat 1.47–4.96 per cent, crude fibre 1.92–7.21 per cent and ash 3.33–5.61 per cent. K, Ca and P were in the range of 0.15–0.52 per cent. Iron content of the seeds was very low. The antinutrients, tannin, phytic acid and trypsin inhibitor were very high when compared to those of cowpea, groundnut and soybean.
Originality/value
It therefore implies that consumption of these legumes will require processes that will reduce their antinutritional factors.
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Adenubi Adesoye and Temidayo Oluyede
This paper aims to determine the influence of genotype and environment on tannins, phytic acid, trypsin inhibitors and haemagglutinin content of African yam bean (AYB). The…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to determine the influence of genotype and environment on tannins, phytic acid, trypsin inhibitors and haemagglutinin content of African yam bean (AYB). The presence of antinutritional factors (ANFs) alongside hardness-to-cook have been identified as reasons for the neglected and under-utilized status of AYB, a protein-rich legume. Various researchers have focused on ways to reduce these ANFs. However, breeding varieties of AYB with low levels of these ANFs offers a more satisfactory long-term solution to this problem.
Design/methodology/approach
Fifteen genotypes of AYB were grown in three different locations – Abakaliki (6° 19′ N 8° 6′ E), Enugu (6° 52′ N 7° 37′ E) and Ibadan (7° 26′ N 3° 53′ E). The locations are representative of the major areas where AYB are produced in Nigeria. Seeds were collected and analysed for the presence of haemagglutinin, phytic acid, trypsin inhibitors and tannin.
Findings
Genotype effects were strongest in controlling haemagglutinin content, while environment was the major source of variation for phytic acid, trypsin inhibitors and tannin content. Therefore, variability in the levels of these ANFs in AYB depends largely on the environment where they are grown. Genotype × environment was significant for all the ANFs.
Research limitations/implications
The implication of this is that an AYB genotype grown and safely consumed in an environment could have antinutritional effects when grown and consumed in another environment.
Originality/value
While research has been carried out on genotypic variations in ANFs of AYB, limited work has been done on the effect of genotype × environment interactions on these ANFs.
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Abiodun O. Ajibade and Jeremiah Jerry Gambo
The purpose of this paper is to analyze magnetohydrodynamics fully developed natural convection heat-generating/absorbing slip flow through a porous medium. Adomian decomposition…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyze magnetohydrodynamics fully developed natural convection heat-generating/absorbing slip flow through a porous medium. Adomian decomposition method was applied to find the solutions to the problem.
Design/methodology/approach
In this study, Adomian decomposition method was used.
Findings
Results show that heat generation parameter enhanced the temperature and velocity of the fluid in the annulus. Moreover, slip effect parameter increases the velocity of the fluid.
Originality/value
Originality is in the application of Adomian decomposition method which allowed the slip at interface.
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Ganiyu Ayodele Ajibade, Jimoh Olawale Ajadi, Olusola John Kuboye and Ekele Alih
This work aims to focuse on improving the performance of the new exponentially weighted moving average (NEWMA) scheme for monitoring process dispersion. The authors use the…
Abstract
Purpose
This work aims to focuse on improving the performance of the new exponentially weighted moving average (NEWMA) scheme for monitoring process dispersion. The authors use the generalized time-varying fast initial response (GFIR) to further enhance the detection ability of variability NEWMA control charts at the process startup. The performance of the proposed chart and other schemes discussed in this article are evaluated; and compared using the average run length (ARL) and standard deviation run length (SDRL) measures. It is observed that the ARL of the proposed scheme is quicker in detecting small and moderate shifts in the process dispersion than its counterparts. The real-life application of the proposed scheme is presented.
Design/methodology/approach
The dynamic parameter of GFIR is used to enhance the detection ability of variability NEWMA control charts. The authors apply GFIR to the control limit of variability NEWMA scheme. This further narrows the control limit, hence enabling it to swiftly detect small and moderate changes in process dispersion.
Findings
The authors present the performance comparisons by examining the ARL properties of the proposed chart and its counterparts. The performance comparison shows that the proposed chart is highly sensitive in detecting small and intermediate process shifts. The real-life application presented also supports the study’s conclusion from the simulation studies. The performance comparison of the proposed chart and its counterparts shows that the proposed scheme is efficient in detecting process abnormalities, especially at the startup.
Originality/value
In terms of the control limits, the proposed chart is the generalized variability NEWMA control chart in which all the previously proposed NEWMA variant schemes can be obtained. Also, the newly proposed control scheme is more efficient in detecting small or moderate persistent shifts in the process dispersion.
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Basant Kumar Jha and Michael O. Oni
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of time-periodic thermal boundary conditions on natural convection flow in a vertical micro-annulus.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of time-periodic thermal boundary conditions on natural convection flow in a vertical micro-annulus.
Design/methodology/approach
Analytical solution in terms of Bessel’s function and modified Bessel’s function of order 0 and 1 is obtained for velocity, temperature, Nusselt number, skin friction and mass flow rate.
Findings
It is established that the role of Knudsen number and fluid–wall interaction parameter is to decrease fluid temperature, velocity, Nusselt number and skin friction.
Research limitations/implications
No laboratory practical or experiment was conducted.
Practical implications
Cooling device in electronic panels, card and micro-chips is frequently cooled by natural convection.
Originality/value
In view of the amount of works done on natural convection in microchannel, it becomes interesting to investigate the effect that time-periodic heating has on natural convection flow in a vertical micro-annulus. The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of time-periodic thermal boundary conditions on natural convection flow in a vertical micro-annulus.
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The aim of this article is an analysis of the links between race and psychotic illness, psychiatric diagnosis and treatment, as well as psychiatric, police and prison violence…
Abstract
The aim of this article is an analysis of the links between race and psychotic illness, psychiatric diagnosis and treatment, as well as psychiatric, police and prison violence against people with mental health problems. The analysis focuses on Black men who are more frequently diagnosed with schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders and who face more brutal treatment than other people with such diagnoses. We have adopted a multidisciplinary approach which draws insights from psychiatry, psychology, and sociology and challenges the biologistic interpretation of “mental illness.” We take into account the United States and Britain – two countries with large Black minorities and an established tradition of research on these groups. Among the crucial findings of this study are the facts that racial bias and stereotypes heavily influence the way Black men with a diagnosis of psychotic illness are treated by the psychiatric system, police and prison staff, and that the dominant approach to psychosis masks the connections between racism and mental health.
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Fausat Olaronke Ajibade, Joshua Oluwasuji Dada and Ajibade Adeyemo
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate stakeholders’ responsiveness as an important factor of public–private partnership (PPP) projects performance.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate stakeholders’ responsiveness as an important factor of public–private partnership (PPP) projects performance.
Design/methodology/approach
Primary data were collected through the administration of structured questionnaires on the key stakeholders (public sector authorities, concessionaires, local lenders (financiers), consultants and contractors) involved in the identified 24 PPP projects so far initiated by Lagos State government in Nigeria. As such, 37 managerial officers (public sector), 20 concessionaires, 17 financiers, 22 contractors and 19 consultants (private sector) were purposively selected. These give a total number of 115 sample size. Out of this, 81 valid responses were received and used for the analysis. The elicited data were analysed using frequency distribution, percentile, mean item score and analysis of variance statistics.
Findings
The findings show that the responsiveness of stakeholders to identified responsibilities can only be said to be fair on the part of two primary stakeholders: government and concessionaires, while others, financiers, consultants, contractors and end-users, exhibit low level of responsiveness in PPP projects.
Originality/value
The paper empirically gauges how stakeholders respond to their responsibilities in PPP project. The study also provided insight from both theoretical and empirical perspective and the effect of stakeholders’ responsiveness on the performance of PPP projects. This study has implications for PPP project performance.
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Philip R. Walsh and Olalekan Ajibade
This paper aims to examine empirically if the encouragement by government policy of merger and acquisition activity involving municipal and provincially owned electricity…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to examine empirically if the encouragement by government policy of merger and acquisition activity involving municipal and provincially owned electricity distribution utilities (LDCs) in the Province of Ontario has had positive effects in terms of value creation, operating performance and economies of scale.
Design/methodology/approach
It was anticipated that with LDC consolidation, there will be increased operational efficiency and improvement in the cost-effectiveness of the merged electrical utility. Using matched pairs dependent t-testing and Wilcoxon signed-rank testing, the authors compared data for three years before and after the merger or acquisition of 16 municipal utilities (616 total observations) to determine if there were any statistically significant changes (positive or negative) in measures of financial, operational and service efficiency.
Findings
The findings indicate statistically significant increases in debt as a percentage of shareholder equity in post-merger/acquisition utilities and consequently leveraged higher returns on equity. However, there were no statistically significant changes in financial, operational or service efficiency measures (with the exception of decreased efficiency in telephone response).
Research limitations/implications
A total of 16 mergers or acquisitions were reviewed involving 32 of 79 LDCs, with the research implications pointing to a need for existing policy to be reviewed to determine whether a more detailed examination is required by the provincial energy regulator, including a closer examination of managerial motives, before approving mergers between municipal electricity distributors. This research involves only a quantitative approach and further research would examine these transactions using qualitative measures for a deeper examination as to managerial motives.
Practical implications
The results suggest that the mergers or acquisitions to date have served only to increase shareholder risk without improvement in other financial, operational or service efficiencies, a contradiction to the rationale behind the Province’s merger policy.
Social implications
The consolidation policy for Ontario LDCs has not resulted in any statistically significant improvement in electricity rates or service for consumers.
Originality/value
This paper is the first examination of the effects of Ontario’s LDC consolidation policy in terms of specific financial, operational and service efficiency measures.
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Benjamin Chukudi Oji and Sunday Ayoola Oke
There is growing evidence of a knowledge gap in the association of maintenance with production activities in bottling plants. Indeed, insights into how to jointly optimise these…
Abstract
Purpose
There is growing evidence of a knowledge gap in the association of maintenance with production activities in bottling plants. Indeed, insights into how to jointly optimise these activities are not clear. In this paper, two optimisation models, Taguchi schemes and response surface methodology are proposed.
Design/methodology/approach
Borrowing from the “hard” total quality management elements in optimisation and prioritisation literature, two new models were developed based on factor, level and orthogonal array selection, signal-to-noise ratio, analysis of variance and optimal parametric settings as Taguchi–ABC and Taguchi–Pareto. An additional model of response surface methodology was created with analysis on regression, main effects, residual plots and surface plots.
Findings
The Taguchi S/N ratio table ranked planned maintenance as the highest. The Taguchi–Pareto shows the optimal parametric setting as A4B4C1 (28 h of production, 30.56 shifts and 37 h of planned maintenance). Taguchi ABC reveals that the planned maintenance and number of shifts will influence the outcome of production greatly. The surface regression table reveals that the production hours worked decrease at a value of planned maintenance with a decrease in the number of shifts.
Originality/value
This is the first time that joint optimisation for bottling plant will be approached using Taguchi–ABC and Taguchi–Pareto. It is also the first time that response surface will be applied to optimise a unique platform of the bottling process plant.