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The purpose of this study is to build a database of digital Chinese painting images and use the proposed technique to extract image and texture information, and search images similar to the query image based on colour histogram and texture features in the database. Thus, retrieving images by this image technique is expected to make the retrieval of Chinese painting images more precise and convenient for users.

In this study, a technique is proposed that considers spatial information of colours in addition to texture feature in image retrieval. This technique can be applied to retrieval of Chinese painting images. A database of 1,200 digital Chinese painting images in three categories was built, including landscape, flower and figure. The authors develop an image-retrieval technique that considers colour distribution, spatial information of colours and texture.

In this study, a database of 1,200 digital Chinese painting images in three categories was built, including landscape, flower and figure. An image-retrieval technique was developed that considers colour distribution, spatial information of colours and texture. Through adjustment of feature values, this technique is able to process both landscape and portrait images. This technique also addresses liubai (i.e. blank) and text problems in the images. The experimental results confirm high precision rate of the proposed retrieval technique.

In this paper, a novel Chinese painting image-retrieval technique is proposed. Existing image-retrieval techniques and the features of Chinese painting are used to retrieve Chinese painting images. The proposed technique can exclude less important image information in Chinese painting images for instance liubai and calligraphy while calculating the feature values in them. The experimental results confirm that the proposed technique delivers a retrieval precision rate as high as 92 per cent and does not require a considerable computing power for feature extraction. This technique can be applied to Web page image retrieval or to other mobile applications.

The existing consensus reaching mechanisms ignore the influence of social triangle structure on the decision-makers’ (DMs') weights, and the consensus reaching process (CRP) fails to fully reflect the DMs' subjectivity and can be time consuming and costly. To solve these issues, a novel CRP for multi-criteria group decision-making (MCGDM) problems with intuitionistic grey linguistic numbers (IGLNs) is proposed in this paper.

First, a weight calculation method is proposed by analysing the triangle structure of DMs' social network and scale of adjacent nodes. Then, a consensus degree index based on three-level polygon area is defined and applied to identify the inconsistent DMs. Finally, the feedback mechanism based on particle swarm optimisation (PSO) algorithm under grey linguistic environment is developed, where subjective trust relationships in social network is utilised to determine the adjustment coefficient.

The advantages of the proposed method are highlighted by two practical applications of the evaluation of tunnel construction method and the selection of a hotel for the centralised isolation. Comparision analysis and numerical simulation are performed to reveal the effectiveness and applicability of the method.

The proposed model can not only reflect the effect of triangle structure in social network on DMs' weights, but also reduce the time and cost of decision-making.

The main contribution of this paper is to propose a new MCGDM model based on intuitionistic grey linguistic numbers, which can handle the problem of inconsistency of information more effectively.

This study aims to evaluate the effect of thermal aging temperature on the properties of Cu/Cu joints.

A new method that 1 um Zn-particles and Sn-0.3Ag-0.7Cu (SAC0307) with a particle size of 25–38 µm were mixed to fill the joint and successfully achieved the micro-joining of Cu/Cu under ultrasonic-assisted at low-temperature, and then the effect of thermal aging temperature on the properties of Cu/Cu joints was researched.

The composition of the intermetallic compounds (IMCs) on the upper and lower interfaces of Cu/SACZ/Cu joints remained unchanged, which was Cu₅Zn₈ in aging process, and the thickness of the IMCs on the upper and lower interfaces of the Cu/SACZ/Cu joints increased accordingly. Compared with the as-received joints, the thickness of the upper and lower interfaces IMCs of the soldering aged time for 24 h increased by 404.7% and 505.5% at 150ºC, respectively. The IMCs formation tendency and the IMCs growth rate of the lower interface are larger than those of the upper interface because the soldering seam near the IMCs at the upper and lower interfaces of the as-received joints were mostly white SAC0307 balls black Zn-particles, respectively. The growth activation energy of IMCs in the upper and lower interfaces is about 89.21 and 55.11 kJ/mol, respectively. Under the same aging time, with the increase of the aging temperature, the shear strength of Cu/SACZ/Cu joints did not change significantly at first before 150ºC. When the aging temperature reached 150ºC, the shear strength of the joints decreased significantly; the shear strength of the joints was the smallest at 150ºC for 24 h, which was 39.4% lower than that of the as-received joints because the oxidation degree of Zn particles in the joint with the increase of aging temperature and time.

Cu/Cu joints were successfully achieved under ultrasonic-assisted at low-temperature.

This paper explores the challenges of using cable-driven parallel robots on high-altitude, large-span facades, where redundancy in multicable systems and the elastic deformation of the cables are significant issues. This study aims to improve the accuracy and stability of the work platform through enhanced control strategies. These strategies address the redundancy in multicable systems and reduce the risks associated with cable deformation and mechanical failures during large-span movements.

The paper proposes a dynamic model for a four-rope parallel robot designed explicitly for large-span applications. The study introduces a position–force control strategy incorporating kinematic inverse solutions and a rope dynamics model to account for rope elasticity and its effects. This approach increases the number of system equations to match the unknowns, effectively solving the redundancy problem inherent in multicable systems. In addition, the tension changes of ropes and the stability of the working platform are examined under different motion distances (X = 50 m and X = 100 m) and varying Young’s modulus values (K = 5000 MPa and K = 8000 MPa).

This study’s large-span rope force–position control strategy successfully resolves the typical nonlinear characteristics and external disturbances in multicable parallel systems. By continuously monitoring and adjusting cable tension and end positions, this strategy ensures precise control over each cable’s tension, optimizes the distribution of cable tensions and maintains the system’s stability and response speed. The analysis in this paper indicates that this control strategy significantly improves the motion accuracy of robots operating on large-span high-altitude facades.

Industry adoption: The design and control strategies developed for the four-cable-driven parallel robot can be adopted by companies specializing in facade maintenance, construction or inspection. This could lead to safer, more efficient and cost-effective operations, especially in challenging environments like high-rise buildings. Innovation in robotic solutions: The research can inspire innovation within the field of robotics, particularly in developing robots for specific applications such as large surface maintenance. It showcases how adaptive control and stability can be achieved in complex operational scenarios. Safety improvements: By demonstrating a more stable and precise control mechanism for navigating large facades, the study could contribute to significant safety improvements, reducing the risk of accidents associated with manual facade maintenance and inspection tasks.

This paper combines the force/position hybrid control method with actual robotic applications, offering a novel solution to the complex issue of controlling cable-driven parallel robots in challenging environments. Thus, it contributes to the field. The proposed method significantly enhances the precision and stability of such systems and provides robust technical support for high-precision tasks in complex mechanical settings.

In order to solve the decision-making problem that the attributive weight and attributive value are both interval grey numbers, this paper tries to construct a multi-attribute grey decision-making model based on generalized greyness of interval grey number.

Firstly, according to the nature of the generalized gresness of interval grey number, the generalized weighted greyness distance between interval grey numbers is given, and the transformation relationship between greyness distance and real number distance is analyzed. Then according to the objective function that the square sum of generalized weighted greyness distances from the decision scheme to the best scheme and the worst scheme is the minimum, a multi-attribute grey decision-making model is constructed, and the simplified form of the model is given. Finally, the grey decision-making model proposed in this paper is applied to the evaluation of technological innovation capability of 6 provinces in China to verify the effectiveness of the model.

The results show that the grey decision-making model proposed in this paper has a strict mathematical foundation, clear physical meaning, simple calculation and easy programming. The application example shows that the grey decision model in this paper is feasible and effective. The research results not only enrich the grey system theory, but also provide a new way for the decision-making problem that the attributive weights and attributive values are interval grey numbers.

The decision-making model proposed in this paper does not need to seek the optimal solution of the attributive weight and the attributive value, and can save the decision-making labor and capital investment. The model in this paper is also suitable for the decision-making problem that deals with the coexistence of interval grey numbers and real numbers.

The paper succeeds in realizing the multi-attribute grey decision-making model based on generalized gresness and its simplified forms, which provide a new method for grey decision analysis.

China is a large country with different regions due to regional differences and project characteristics, and the selection of prefabricated building technology according to local conditions is the key to its sustainable development in China. The purpose of this paper is to develop the suitability evaluation system of prefabricated building technology from the perspective of the suitability concept and to analyze the selection path of prefabricated building technology and to provide a reference for selecting and developing prefabricated building technology schemes that meet regional endowments.

Based on relevant literature, technical specifications, and standards, this paper constructs an index system for analyzing the technical suitability of prefabricated buildings. It includes 23 indicators, 7 dimensions, and 3 aspects through the semantic clustering method. Following this, the comprehensive weight of each index is determined using the order relation method (G1) and the continuous ordered weighted averaging (COWA). The selection of technical schemes is comprehensively evaluated using Visekriterjumska Optimizacija Ikompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) and Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method.

 (1) The technical suitability of prefabricated buildings is influenced by 7 core factors, such as adaptability of resources and environment, project planning and design level, and economic benefit; (2) When selecting the appropriate technology for prefabricated buildings, economic suitability should be considered first, followed by regional suitability, and then technical characteristic; (3) The prefabricated building technology suitability evaluation model constructed in this paper has high feasibility in the technical suitability selection of the example project.

The comprehensive evaluation model of prefabricated building technology suitability constructed in this paper provides technical selection support for the promotion and development of prefabricated buildings in different regions. In addition, the model can also be widely used in areas related to prefabricated building consulting and decision-making, and provides theoretical support for subsequent research.

This study provides a new decision support tool for prefabricated building technology suitability selection, which helps decision makers to make more rational technology choices.

This study has a positive impact on the advancement of prefabricated building technology, the improvement of construction industry standards, and the promotion of sustainable development.

The contribution of this study is twofold: (1) Theoretically, this paper provides technical evaluation indicators and guidelines for provincial and regional governments to cultivate model cities, plan industrial bases, etc. (2) In practice, it offers project-level appropriate technology system solutions for the technology application of assemblers in various regions.

The purpose of this paper is to explore the effect of ZnO on the structure and properties of micro-arc oxidation (MAO) coating on rare earth magnesium alloy under large concentration gradient.

The macroscopic and microscopic morphology, thickness, surface roughness, chemical composition and structure of the coating were characterized by different characterization methods. The corrosion resistance of the film was studied by electrochemical and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy. The results show that the addition of ZnO can significantly improve the compactness and corrosion resistance of the MAO coating, but the high concentration of ZnO will cause microcracks, which will reduce the corrosion resistance to a certain extent.

When the concentration of zinc oxide is 8 g/L, the compactness and corrosion resistance of the coating are the best, and the thickness of the coating is positively correlated with the concentration of ZnO.

Too high concentration of ZnO reduces the performance of MAO coating.

The MAO coating prepared by adding ZnO has good corrosion resistance. Combined with organic coatings, it can be applied in corrosive marine environments, such as ship parts and hulls. To a certain extent, it can reduce the economic loss caused by corrosion.

The effect of ZnO on the corrosion resistance of MAO coating in electrolyte solution was studied systematically, and the conclusion was new to the common knowledge.

The cable inspection robot is essential in maintaining bridge cables. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the maintenance methods of bridge cables. It summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of the critical structures of the external overall frame, intermediate adhesion device, attachment mechanism and driving method of the cable inspection robot. Finally, it discusses the challenges the cable inspection robot faces and the direction of future research.

This paper summarizes the research progress of the cable inspection robot and details the advantages and disadvantages of critical structures such as the external frame, intermediate adhesion device, attachment mechanism, driving method and safe return device of the robot. Finally, it points out the future direction of cable inspection robots, including lightweight design, hybrid design, multi-robot cooperative work, multi-technology integration and intelligent cable inspection digital twin model.

The cables are the main load-bearing components of a bridge, and their safety is crucial. However, subjected to varying loads and environmental influences over a long period, cables are prone to damage, threatening the bridge’s stability. Cable inspection robots can comprehensively detect and repair cable damage, significantly improving efficiency and safety.

This paper provides a comprehensive review of the current research on cable inspection robots, enabling readers to have a comprehensive and systematic understanding of the critical structures and key technologies of cable inspection robots and providing scientific references for researchers working on cable inspection robots.

The purpose of this paper is to study the grey decision model and distance measuring method of general grey number.

First, intuitionistic grey number (IGN) set and an IGN are defined by grey number probability function. Second, each interval grey number in general grey number is represented by an IGN and converts the general grey number into an IGN set. Final, the operation of two general grey numbers is defined as the operation between IGN sets, and the distance measure of the general grey number is given.

Up to now, the method of measuring the distance and the grey decision model of general grey number is established. Thus, the difficult problem for set up decision mode of general grey number has been solved to a certain degree.

The method exposed in this paper can be used to integrate information form a different source. The method that a general grey number converted to a set of IGNs could be extended to the case of grey incidence analysis models, grey prediction models and grey clustering evaluation models, which includes general grey numbers, etc.

The concepts of IGN and IGN set are proposed for the first time in this paper; The operation of two general grey numbers can be defined as the operation between IGN sets. On this basis, the algorithm of IGN, the integration operator of IGN and the distance measure between IGN sets are given.