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This chapter examines the phenomenon of doxxing: the practice of publishing private, proprietary, or personally identifying information on the internet, usually with malicious intent. Undertaking a scoping review of research into doxxing, we develop a typology of this form of technology-facilitated violence (TFV) that expands understandings of doxxing, its forms and its harms, beyond a taciturn discussion of privacy and harassment online. Building on David M. Douglas's typology of doxxing, our typology considers two key dimensions of doxxing: the form of loss experienced by the victim and the perpetrator's motivation(s) for undertaking this form of TFV. Through examining the extant literature on doxxing, we identify seven mutually non-exclusive motivations for this form of TFV: extortion, silencing, retribution, controlling, reputation-building, unintentional, and doxxing in the public interest. We conclude by identifying future areas for interdisciplinary research into doxxing that brings criminology into conversation with the insights of media-focused disciplines.

This paper aims to combine Eringen’s micromorphic and nonlocal theories and thus develop a comprehensive size-dependent beam model capable of capturing the effects of micro-rotational/stretch/shear degrees of freedom of material particles and nonlocality simultaneously.

To consider nonlocal influences, both integral (original) and differential versions of Eringen’s nonlocal theory are used. Accordingly, integral nonlocal-micromorphic and differential nonlocal-micromorphic beam models are formulated using matrix-vector relations, which are suitable for implementing in numerical approaches. A finite element (FE) formulation is also provided to solve the obtained equilibrium equations in the variational form. Timoshenko micro-/nano-beams with different boundary conditions are selected as the problem under study whose static bending is addressed.

It was shown that the paradox related to the clamped-free beam is resolved by the present integral nonlocal-micromorphic model. It was also indicated that the nonlocal effect captured by the integral model is more pronounced than that by its differential counterpart. Moreover, it was revealed that by the present approach, the softening and hardening effects, respectively, originated from the nonlocal and micromorphic theories can be considered simultaneously.

Developing a hybrid size-dependent Timoshenko beam model including micromorphic and nonlocal effects. Considering the nonlocal effect based on both Eringen’s integral and differential models proposing an FE approach to solve the bending problem, and resolving the paradox related to nanocantilever.

The main emphasis of nutritional study, until within comparatively recent years, was placed on a consideration of the energy or calorie value of a diet. A diet was considered sufficient or otherwise depending on the number of calories it contained. The modern trend in nuitrition, however, has tended to follow an opposite direction—the quantitative aspect has been relegated to a subsidiary position, and the quality of the diet is now considered as of supreme importance. In this qualitative assessment vitamins have been placed in the forefront, and there has been a tendency to overstress the nutritional importance of these essentials to the exclusion of perhaps as important dietary constituents.

Polymer rapid tooling (PRT) inserts can be used as injection moulding (IM) cavities for prototyping and low volume production but lack the robustness of metal inserts. Metal inserts can withstand high injection pressure and temperature required, whereas PRT inserts may fail under similar parameters. The current method of parameter setting starts with using the highest pressure setting on the machine and then fine-tuning to optimize the process parameters. This method needs modification, as high injection pressures and temperatures can damage the PRT inserts. There is a need for a methodical process to determine the upper limits of moulding parameters that can be used without damaging the PRT inserts.

A case study analysis was performed to investigate the causes of failure in a PRT insert. From this, a candidate set-up process was developed to avoid start-up failure and possibly prolong tool life. This was then tested on a second mould, which successfully avoided start-up failure and moulded 54 parts before becoming unusable due to safety issues.

Process parameters that are critical for tool life are identified as mould temperature, injection pressure, injection speed, hold pressure and cooling time.

This paper presents a novel method for setting IM process parameters for PRT inserts. This has the potential to prevent failure at start up when using PRT inserts and possibly extend the operating life of the PRT inserts.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the corrosion of the heat‐affected zone (HAZ) and weld zone of austenitic stainless steels that have been welded using two different processes. The corrosion behavior is evaluated in synthetic seawater using the electrochemical polarization technique.

Welded and unwelded UNS S30403 specimens were welded by flux core arc, and gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) techniques. The test equipment consisted of an electrochemical three‐electrode cell using synthetic seawater as the corrosive medium. The scan rate was 10 mV/s and the potential range was −500‐500 mV vs saturated calomel electrode. The pH for the synthetic seawater was around seven. The electrochemical tests were performed after 1, 2, 3, and, 11 weeks. The metal surface was characterized by examination using an inverted microscope and scanning electron microscopy.

The polarization measurements of the flux core arc welding‐HAZ showed a high corrosion susceptibility, while GTAW‐HAZ presented good corrosion performance.

With the application and correct interpretation of this electrochemical technique, designers, welding engineers, and manufactures can access important information and take correct decisions regarding welding processes to meet corrosion resistance requirements.

The methodology and approach of interpreting the polarization plots used in this research can be applied to study other welding techniques and different welded metals in specific corrosive media, which will be of value to the welding industry.

In this paper, the authors aim to propose an effective method to indirectly determine nonlinear elastic shear stress-strain constitutive relationships for nonlinear elasticity materials, and then study the nonlinear free torsional vibration of Al–1%Si shaft.

In this study the authors use BoxLucas1 model to fit the determined-experimentally nonlinear elastic normal stress–strain constitutive relationship curve of Al–1%Si, a typical case of isotropic nonlinear elasticity materials, and then derive its nonlinear shear stress-strain constitutive relationships based on the fitting constitutive relationships and general equations of plane-stress and plane-strain transformation. Hamilton’s principle is utilized to gain nonlinear governing equation and boundary conditions for free torsional vibration of Al–1%Si shaft. Differential quadrature method and an iterative algorithm are employed to numerically solve the gained equations of motion.

The effect of four variables, namely dimensionless fundamental vibration amplitude ϑmax, radius α and length β, and nonlinear-elasticity intensity factor δ, on frequencies and mode shapes of the shafts is obtained. Numerical results are in good agreement with reference solutions, and show that compared with linearly elastic shear stress-strain constitutive relationships of the shafts made of the nonlinear elasticity materials, its actual nonlinearly elastic shear stress-strain constitutive relationships have smaller torsion frequencies. In addition, but β having opposite hardening effect, the rest of the four variables have softening effect on nonlinearly elastic torsion frequencies. Eventually, taking into account nonlinearly elastic shear stress-strain constitutive relationships, changes of the four factors, i.e. ϑmax, α, β and δ, cause inflation and deflation behaviors of mode shapes in nonlinear free torsional vibration.

The study could provide a reference for indirectly determining nonlinear elastic shear stress-strain constitutive relationships for nonlinear elasticity materials and for structure design of torsional shaft made of nonlinear elasticity materials.

The purpose of this work is to extend the life of plastic injection molds made by stereolithography through the use of gas‐assist technology.

Polypropylene parts were made by injection molding in stereolithography molds with and without gas‐assist technology. The mold life was evaluated by observing the number of parts produced before the breakage of each of small core pins and the ejection force was measured.

When using gas‐assisted injection molding (GAIM), the core pin life was approximately doubled, the average cavity pressure and the average mold temperature were reduced, and there was a three‐fold increase in ejection force. Also, the core pin location had a very dramatic effect on the life.

This study suggests research into understanding the relationship between ejection force and mold failure, testing the mechanical properties of the parts and identifying reliable design rules for parts produced by GAIM. Research into other low pressure injection techniques and the viability of using a wider set of polymer materials also appears promising.

The result of this research encourages molders who have abandoned the use of stereolithography tools after a few unsuccessful attempts to consider using GAIM with stereolithography molds.

This is a novel use of GAIM technology to extend the lives of molds fabricated by stereolithography.

This study shows the effects of aging on epoxy‐based rapid tooling materials. Two epoxy‐acrylate resins used for stereolithography and one aluminum powder‐filled epoxy used for the high‐speed machining of plastic injection molds were selected to investigate their aging behavior in different environments. Four different conditions, each characterized by a specific relative humidity, were used to perform a seven week long aging study. Temperature was kept a constant at 30°C. Both the stereolithographic resins showed a drop in mechanical properties and in their glass transition temperatures in wet environments, whereas aging time showed little influence on these properties after an initial induction phase. Moisture uptake is mainly responsible for this drop and the coefficients of water diffusion were determined in this process. On the other hand, the aluminum powder‐filled epoxy showed little humidity‐dependent drop in mechanical properties and in its glass transition temperature during aging. A simple empirical model that only takes into account the moisture uptake was developed.

This piece is a republished autobiography of Alfred D. Chandler, Jr.

Chandler reflects on his life and career as a management historian.

Chandler reflects on his life and career, in particular how he came to write Strategy and Structure and its impact on him as a historian. He also discusses his life at Harvard Business School, the editing of the Roosevelt letters, and the writing of The Visible Hand.

This is excellent background material for the other papers in the issue, as well as a valuable personal insight into Chandler's own thinking.

The future of pathology services in the NHS is currently under consideration. Recent developments in diagnostic technologies and their possible impact on pathology testing in the future are discussed. Trends and patterns of demand for all three main pathology specialties are analysed over the 12‐year period, 1974‐86. The inflation‐adjusted, revenue cost of pathology testing per hospital admission (excluding capital costs) is shown to have fallen in real terms over this period, although it is uncertain whether this would still be the case were capital costs to be included. In the hospital sector, reported increases in demand can be quite simply related to increasing hospital activity by using a linear regression model. However, the very large increases in demand observed in the primary care sector cannot be related reasonably to any routinely reported practice activity indicators. The implications of this highly volatile pattern of demand in general practice are discussed, especially in relation to recent technological advances designed to produce rapid, near‐patient, surgery‐based tests. Although analysis indicates no evidence for historical technology‐induced increases in demand for laboratory services following the introduction of laboratory automation in the 1970s, the possibility of technology‐induced demand in the primary health care sector following the widespread introduction of surgery‐based tests is discussed.