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Book part
Publication date: 18 April 2018

Mitchell L. Cunningham and Michael A. Regan

Purpose – Driver distraction and other forms of driver inattention remain significant road safety problems. The purpose of this chapter is to explore recent developments in

Abstract

Purpose – Driver distraction and other forms of driver inattention remain significant road safety problems. The purpose of this chapter is to explore recent developments in theoretical and empirical research on driver distraction and inattention and provide the reader with a sense for, and understanding of, the key issues.

Methodology – Key references from the literature are reviewed and discussed.

Findings – First, we discuss one way of conceptualising the distinction between driver distraction and other forms of inattention, as well as the mechanisms which may underlie these forms of inattention. Second, we underscores how driver distraction may derive from a plethora of sources, and how the potential for performance degradation deriving from driver interaction with these sources may be moderated by a range of factors. Third, we review recent literature on the types of impairments in driving performance and safety associated with driver distraction. Fourth, we outline recent literature on driver distraction and inattention in the realm of highly automated vehicles that will drive the transport future. Finally, we discuss some promising strategies aimed at preventing and mitigating the impact of driver distraction.

Research implications – There are many gaps in the driver distraction literature that need to be addressed. In addition, further research needs to be undertaken to examine the role of driver distraction in the realm of highly automated vehicles.

Practical implications – The findings point towards of a range of injury prevention countermeasures that have potential to prevent and mitigate driver distraction.

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Safe Mobility: Challenges, Methodology and Solutions
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78635-223-1

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Article
Publication date: 21 June 2022

Pengcheng Cao, Xi Chen, Hongjing Dong and Ying Dai

The purpose of this paper is to obtain a theoretical model to analyze the effective modulus of cement paste in early age, including the setting and hardening periods, which has a…

70

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to obtain a theoretical model to analyze the effective modulus of cement paste in early age, including the setting and hardening periods, which has a great impact on mechanical properties of concrete structure.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on a power law approximation, a generalized mixture rule is used to construct the relationship between the effective modulus and hydration degree. In addition, a new model of the dependence of the Poisson's ratio on the hydration degree and water cement ratio is proposed for cement paste in early age.

Findings

The effective Young's modulus, storage shear modulus and Poisson's ratio of cement pastes with different water cement ratios and hydration degrees are studied by the presented model. The model can be applied to simulate the behavior of early-age cement paste at both the setting and the hardening periods. Compared with the experimental results, the correctness of the model is validated.

Originality/value

This work presents a mathematical model that can effectively estimate the effective Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio in the hardening period, and the storage shear modulus in the setting period of cement pastes.

Details

Multidiscipline Modeling in Materials and Structures, vol. 18 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1573-6105

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Book part
Publication date: 7 September 2023

Pok Man Tang, Anthony C. Klotz, Joel Koopman, Elijah X. M. Wee and Yizhen Lu

Professional touching behavior (PTB), defined as intentional touching behavior that occurs between organizational members and that falls within the boundaries of appropriateness

Abstract

Professional touching behavior (PTB), defined as intentional touching behavior that occurs between organizational members and that falls within the boundaries of appropriateness and professionalism in the workplace, is prevalent in organizations. Scholars from multiple disciplines, including human resources researchers, have acknowledged the importance of physical contact for facilitating interpersonal communication and relationship-building. However, PTB may not only elicit positive reactions from those who receive it but also negative reactions as well, with implications for social dynamics in organizations. PTB can, on the one hand, fulfill employees’ desires for interpersonal connection; at the same time, such physical contact at work can represent a threat to employees’ health. To explain the nature and implications of these divergent effects of receiving PTB, the authors draw upon sociometer theory and behavioral immune system (BIS) theory to model the emotional, cognitive, and physiological processes via which, and the conditions under which, receiving such behavior will result in socially functional responses and prompt subsequent prosocial behavior, and when PTB will be perceived as a health risk and prompt withdrawal behavior. The theoretical framework of this chapter expands our conceptual understanding of the consequences of interpersonal physical contact at work and has important human resources management (HRM) implications for organizational managers.

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Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-83753-389-3

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Article
Publication date: 1 November 1937

THE question of display in libraries becomes more important with the days. It is therefore a peculiar pleasure to us to publish a fine article by Mr. Savage on this. From his…

39

Abstract

THE question of display in libraries becomes more important with the days. It is therefore a peculiar pleasure to us to publish a fine article by Mr. Savage on this. From his earliest days the ex‐President has been deeply and practically interested in book‐display. We believe that nearly forty years ago he and Mr. Jast worked out many experiments in it which are occasionally revived by those who have quite forgotten their origin. He was, we think, the first librarian here to take an ordinary shop as a branch library and dress its window as if it were a bookshop. Before him few English libraries used colour to any extent, or were aware of the aesthetic value of plants, flowers, curtains and well‐shaped furniture.

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New Library World, vol. 40 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0307-4803

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Article
Publication date: 1 February 2007

Johannes Lohner and Norbert Konrad

This article reviews the international literature of the last two decades on self‐injurious behaviour in prisons and jails and introduces the risk factors associated with this…

432

Abstract

This article reviews the international literature of the last two decades on self‐injurious behaviour in prisons and jails and introduces the risk factors associated with this behaviour. Studies from a variety of countries investigated different samples (e.g. in jails or prisons; female or male inmates). We only chose those studies using a control group of inmates without self‐injurious behaviour. The findings on potential risk factors for self‐injurious behaviour are largely contradictory because of the differences in sample selection and dependent variables (deliberate self‐harm without suicidal intent vs. suicide attempts). We also discuss some methodological problems in predicting self‐injurious behaviour.

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International Journal of Prisoner Health, vol. 3 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1744-9200

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Article
Publication date: 15 April 2022

Yuandong Su, Asadullah Khaskheli, Syed Ali Raza and Sara Qamar Yousufi

This current research investigates antecedents affecting young consumers' purchasing intention of organic foods in a developing nation’s (Pakistan) context utilizing Theory of…

2840

Abstract

Purpose

This current research investigates antecedents affecting young consumers' purchasing intention of organic foods in a developing nation’s (Pakistan) context utilizing Theory of Planned Behavior. For this purpose, theoretical framework comprising characteristics of a product, concerns of consumers and consciousness were proposed.

Design/methodology/approach

Responses were collected from a sample comprising 418 young consumers through the convenience sampling technique. The data has been evaluated through Structural Equation Modeling.

Findings

Findings demonstrate that characteristics of products and concerns of consumers significantly affect young consumer's health and social consciousness. However, such health and social consciousness were found to have an insignificant effect on young consumers' attitudes. Moreover, findings also show that attitude is positively linked with young consumers' purchase frequency towards organic foods. Outcomes also approve moderation of environmental awareness between attitude and organic food purchasing intention.

Practical implications

The present study offers numerous implications for marketers, policymakers and socio-ecological organizations regarding development of intervention strategies to promote the purchase of organic foods. The study provides implications regarding making organic foods more accessible to all consumers in order to increase organic food consumption in developing countries.

Originality/value

Although young consumers are aware of organic food products, their knowledge about the concept is limited. Therefore, this study provides an understanding of consumer's perspective regarding their purchase intention of organic foods, which will help marketers, researchers and food producers to achieve marketing strategies for the development of these products.

Details

Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, vol. 33 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1477-7835

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Available. Content available
Book part
Publication date: 20 November 2015

Abstract

Details

University Partnerships for Community and School System Development
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78560-132-3

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Book part
Publication date: 21 November 2022

Seyoung Jung

In recent decades, oxytocin (OT) has been extensively studied across disciplines. Yet, the role of OT has been discussed little in the context of politics. This chapter proposes…

Abstract

In recent decades, oxytocin (OT) has been extensively studied across disciplines. Yet, the role of OT has been discussed little in the context of politics. This chapter proposes that studying the role of this hormone can enrich and advance the study of politics. The chapter reviews the previous findings on OT categorized into two sections: one that focuses on the biological mechanisms and therapeutic potentials and another that focuses on the effects on social behaviors. This review is not exhaustive but is intended to bring political scientists up to date with the progress in OT studies. Next, this chapter highlights that studying the role of OT in political context will benefit both the OT and political science literature, since there is currently a great interest in the context-dependent nature of OT. I highlight several research questions that can be answered at this intersection. Rather than waiting for other disciplines to complete unfolding the precise role of OT, students of biopolitics can make important contributions. Political science can further understand the biological underpinnings of concern for others and partisan behaviors, while OT applied to real-world settings would demonstrate how different contexts shape its effects.

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Biopolitics at 50 Years
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-80262-108-2

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Article
Publication date: 24 October 2022

Mon Thu Myin, Jin Su, Huicheng (Jeff) Wu and Haina Shen

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impacts of Chinese young consumers’ traits (fashion leadership, quality consciousness, price consciousness, environmental…

1382

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impacts of Chinese young consumers’ traits (fashion leadership, quality consciousness, price consciousness, environmental consciousness and social media usage) as the external factors on their behavioral intention toward using clothing subscription rental services.

Design/methodology/approach

Quantitative research was conducted, and empirical data were collected from 255 Chinese college students. Structural equation modeling was conducted to test the proposed hypotheses.

Findings

The study offered convincing evidence that fashion leadership, price consciousness and social media usage are the three main drivers of Chinese young consumers’ favorable attitudes toward clothing subscription rental services, which together with social norms further lead to their intention to use clothing subscription rental services. Contrary to expectations, the study showed that consumers’ quality consciousness and environmental consciousness have no significant impact on consumer attitudes toward clothing subscription rental services. Moreover, the findings of the study demonstrated the impact of attitude and subjective norms on Chinese young consumers’ intention to use clothing subscription rental services.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the literature by integrating additional factors (fashion leadership, quality consciousness, price consciousness, consumer environmental knowledge, social media usage) into the traditional theory of reasoned action model to investigate how Chinese young consumers’ characteristics impact their attitudes and how their attitudes and subjective norms impact their intention toward using clothing subscription rental services.

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Article
Publication date: 8 June 2015

Dinesh Kumar, Veena Verma, Keya Dharamvir and H S Bhatti

– The purpose of this paper is to study elastic properties of III-V nitride nanotubes (NNTs) using second generation (REBO) potential.

292

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to study elastic properties of III-V nitride nanotubes (NNTs) using second generation (REBO) potential.

Design/methodology/approach

In the present research paper elastic properties of BN, AlN and GaN nanotubes have been investigated, using the second generation REBO potential by Brenner and co-workers, which is a bond order potential earlier used for carbon nanostructures successfully. In the present calculation, the same form of potential is used with adjusted parameters for h-BN, h-AlN and h-GaN. In all these cases the authors have considered graphite like network and strongly polar nature of these atoms so electrostatic forces are expected to play an important role in determining elastic properties of these nanotubes. The authors generate the coordinates of nanotubes of different chirality’s and size. Each and every structure thus generated is allowed to relax till the authors obtain minima of energy. The authors then apply the requisite compressions, elongations and twists to the structures and compute the elastic moduli. Youngs Modulus, Shear Modulus and Poisson’s ratio for single-walled armchair and zigzag tubes of different chirality’s and size have been calculated. The computational results show the variation of Youngs Modulus, Poisson’s ratio and Shear Modulus for these NNTs with nanotube diameter. The results have been compared with available data, experimental as well as theoretical.

Findings

The authors have calculated bond length, cohesive energy/bond, Strain energy, Youngs Modulus, Shear Modulus and Poisson’s ratio.

Originality/value

To the best of the knowledge this work is the first attempt to study elastic properties of III-V NNTs using second generation REBO potential

Details

Multidiscipline Modeling in Materials and Structures, vol. 11 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1573-6105

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