A. Bazezew, J.C. Bruch and J.M. Sloss
Distributed control is an effective method for controlling and suppressing excessive vibrations of continuous systems. Optimal distributed control for a plate problem is solved…
Abstract
Distributed control is an effective method for controlling and suppressing excessive vibrations of continuous systems. Optimal distributed control for a plate problem is solved utilizing a maximum principle after the introduction of a quadratic index of performance in terms of displacement, velocity and a control force as well as an adjoint variable. The problem is reduced to solving a system of partial differential equations for the state variable and the adjoint variable subjected to boundary, initial and terminal conditions. A numerical algorithm is presented to solve the optimal distributed control problem in the space‐time domain which reduces the computational effort required to solve the initial‐terminal‐boundary value problem. Results obtained for a simply supported, rectangular, thin plate are also presented.
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Mary Henderson and Richard Majors
This chapter explores the importance of early autism spectrum disorder (ASD) assessment and diagnosis to facilitate early treatment. This chapter will have a particular focus on…
Abstract
This chapter explores the importance of early autism spectrum disorder (ASD) assessment and diagnosis to facilitate early treatment. This chapter will have a particular focus on ASD assessment and diagnosis within a Black and Minority Ethnic (BME) context. We propose using a Cultural Competence framework to process, analyze, assessment, and diagnosis results/findings. BME assessments/diagnoses can be delayed by up to 18 months longer when compared to Whites.
ASD Assessment aims to assess certain developmental traits in individuals to identify ASD which is a developmental disability. Autism is a spectrum condition which can manifest differently in each diagnosed individual. There are core features necessary for an ASD diagnosis to be made. These include among other traits: poor eye contact, abnormality in body language: for example, gestures, difficulties with social communication and social interaction, often they exhibit repetitive patterns of behavior, have obsessional interests, rigid thinking patterns, and have an aversion to certain sounds and textures and an unusual interest in sensory satisfaction.
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Abdelillah Khelassi, Lila Ayad A., Ahmed Halali and Besir Muhamed Lutfi
This paper aims to examine the effect of external Sharia audit on the performance of Islamic banks in Bahrain and Oman, which are countries that implement it. This study aims to…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to examine the effect of external Sharia audit on the performance of Islamic banks in Bahrain and Oman, which are countries that implement it. This study aims to explore the role of external Sharia audit in preventing prohibited profits and mitigating the risks of noncompliance with Sharia principles.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper opted a quantitative approach and collected data from the employees of the Sharia Supervision Board & Sharia Audit in the Islamic banks. This paper studied how external Sharia audit affects the financial profitability and compliance with Islamic Sharia principles of Islamic banks, using partial least squares structural equation modeling technique.
Findings
The results indicated that external Sharia audit had a significant positive effect on both financial profitability and compliance with Islamic Sharia principles in the Islamic banks under study. This means that external Sharia audit enhances the financial performance and the adherence to Islamic Sharia principles of the Islamic banks.
Research limitations/implications
This study has some limitations that suggest directions for future research, such as expanding the sample to other countries and measuring more performance indicators for Islamic banks.
Practical implications
This study suggests that external Sharia audit enhances the performance and compliance of Islamic banks and urges the regulators to adopt it and standardize it.
Originality/value
This study contributes to the literature on Islamic finance and external Sharia audit by providing empirical evidence on the impact of external Sharia audit on the performance of Islamic banks.
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Md. Ikramul Hoque, Muzamir Hasan and Shuvo Dip Datta
The stone dust column was used to strengthen the sample and had a significant effect on improving the shear strength of the kaolin clay. The application of stone columns, which…
Abstract
Purpose
The stone dust column was used to strengthen the sample and had a significant effect on improving the shear strength of the kaolin clay. The application of stone columns, which can improve the overall carrying capacity of soft clay as well as lessen the settlement of buildings built on it, is among the most widespread ground improvement techniques throughout the globe. The performance of foundation beds is enhanced by their stiffness values and higher strength, which could withstand more of the load applied. Stone dust is a wonderful source containing micronutrients for soil, particularly those derived from basalt, volcanic rock, granite and other related rocks. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the properties of soft clay reinforced with encapsulated stone dust columns to remediate problematic soil and obtain a more affordable and environmentally friendly way than using other materials.
Design/methodology/approach
In this study, the treated kaolin sample's shear strength was measured using the unconfined compression test (UCT). 28 batches of soil samples total, 12 batches of single stone dust columns measuring 10 mm in diameter and 12 batches of single stone dust columns measuring 16 mm in diameter. Four batches of control samples are also included. At heights of 60 mm, 80 mm and 100 mm, respectively, various stone dust column diameters were assessed. The real soil sample has a diameter of 50 mm and a height of 100 mm.
Findings
Test results show when kaolin is implanted with a single encased stone dust column that has an area replacement ratio of 10.24% and penetration ratios of 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0, the shear strength increase is 51.75%, 74.5% and 49.20%. The equivalent shear strength increases are 48.50%, 68.50% and 43.50% for soft soil treated with a 12.00% area replacement ratio and 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 penetration ratios.
Originality/value
This study shows a comparison of how sample types affect shear strength. Also, this article provides argumentation behind the variation of soil strength obtained from different test types and gives recommendations for appropriate test methods for soft soil.
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The purpose of this paper is to outline a clinical framework developed for autistic women. INVEST (Identify Needs, Validate, Educate, Strengthen and Thrive) is a strengths-based…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to outline a clinical framework developed for autistic women. INVEST (Identify Needs, Validate, Educate, Strengthen and Thrive) is a strengths-based neurodiversity therapeutic approach. Autistic individuals are treated with respect and are believed to have the capacity to make meaningful changes in their lives.
Design/methodology/approach
The author’s clinical experiences working as an individual, couple and family therapist specializing in girls and women with autism inform this paper. The innovative therapeutic approach will be described including reasons for seeking therapy, the theoretical underpinnings and case examples that bring each component of INVEST to life.
Findings
Women with autism are very responsive to a therapeutic process that validates their experiences. Helping individuals and their support systems learn more about autism and their unique profile can enhance understanding and self-acceptance. Strategies to increase emotional awareness and reduce victimization are emphasized. Understanding sensory triggers and executive functioning challenges enable individuals to make useful adaptations. Building skills and setting parameters on time and energy help to stave off autistic burnout.
Practical implications
The impact of the INVEST model goes beyond the therapist’s office and can be applied to multiple settings. All professionals have the opportunity to treat autistic women with respect, validation and an assumption of competence.
Originality/value
Clinical program are scarce for individuals with autism, especially women. The INVEST model is the beginning of a discussion of what can help autistic women thrive.
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Priyanka Rebecca Tharian, Sadie Henderson, Nataya Wathanasin, Nikita Hayden, Verity Chester and Samuel Tromans
Fiction has the potential to dispel myths and helps improve public understanding and knowledge of the experiences of under-represented groups. Representing the diversity of the…
Abstract
Purpose
Fiction has the potential to dispel myths and helps improve public understanding and knowledge of the experiences of under-represented groups. Representing the diversity of the population allows individuals to feel included, connected with and understood by society. Whether women and girls with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are adequately and accurately represented in fictional media is currently unknown. The paper aims to discuss this issue.
Design/methodology/approach
Internet and library searches were conducted to identify female characters with ASD in works of fiction. Examples of such works were selected for further discussion based on their accessibility, perceived historical and cultural significance and additional characteristics that made the work particularly meaningful.
Findings
The search highlighted a number of female characters with ASD across a range of media, including books, television, film, theatre and video games. Many were written by authors who had a diagnosis of the condition themselves, or other personal experience. Pieces largely portrayed characters with traits that are highly recognised within the academic literature. However, some also appeared to endorse outdated myths and stereotypes. Existing works appear to preferentially portray high functioning autistic women, with limited representation of those whom also have intellectual disability.
Originality/value
This is the first exploration of the depiction of ASD in females within fiction. There is a need for more works of fiction responsibly depicting females with ASD, as this can help reduce stigma, develop public awareness and recognition and increase representation.
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Hue Kim Thi Nguyen, Phuong Thi Kim Tran and Vinh Trung Tran
This paper aims to examine the role of social media communication, tourist satisfaction and destination brand equity components in enhancing destination brand equity based on the…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to examine the role of social media communication, tourist satisfaction and destination brand equity components in enhancing destination brand equity based on the Stimulus – Organism – Response (S-O-R) theory.
Design/methodology/approach
The conceptual model and research hypotheses were assessed using covariance-based structural equation modeling (SEM). An online survey was used to collect data from 369 domestic tourists who had traveled to Danang and knew about content related to Danang generated by either DMOs or other users on social media.
Findings
Except for the effect of DMO-generated social media communication on tourist satisfaction and the impact of destination brand awareness on destination brand loyalty, the findings confirmed the sequential causal relationships between research concepts based on the S-O-R model.
Research limitations/implications
Future research should explore the proposed model based on comparisons of different nationalities to better understand the impact of cultural factors.
Practical implications
DMOs should associate social media with their marketing strategies to enhance destination brand equity, using cutting-edge technologies to create content and update information in a significant way to make communications by DMOs more effective. The findings especially suggest that UGC plays a vital role in improving brand equity dimensions, so DMOs could exploit UGC to engage existing customers and build relationships with potential customers. This research provides guidance for DMOs to improve their brand equity based on social media.
Originality/value
This study has contributed to the destination marketing literature by applying the S-O-R theory to propose a pathway for effectively increasing destination brand equity and highlight the importance of social media communication as a driver to achieve a hierarchical relationship between destination brand equity components and tourist satisfaction from stimulus to organism (e.g. cognition to affect).
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Amin Rahmat, Hossein Nasiri, Marjan Goodarzi and Ehsan Heidaryan
This paper aims to introduce a numerical investigation of aquatic locomotion using the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method.
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to introduce a numerical investigation of aquatic locomotion using the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method.
Design/methodology/approach
To model this problem, a simple improved SPH algorithm is presented that can handle complex geometries using updatable dummy particles. The computational code is validated by solving the flow over a two-dimensional cylinder and comparing its drag coefficient for two different Reynolds numbers with those in the literature.
Findings
Additionally, the drag coefficient and vortices created behind the aquatic swimmer are quantitatively and qualitatively compared with available credential data. Afterward, the flow over an aquatic swimmer is simulated for a wide range of Reynolds and Strouhal numbers, as well as for the amplitude envelope. Moreover, comprehensive discussions on drag coefficient and vorticity patterns behind the aquatic are made.
Originality/value
It is found that by increasing both Reynolds and Strouhal numbers separately, the anguilliform motion approaches the self-propulsion condition; however, the vortices show different pattern with these increments.
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The purpose of this paper is to review the barriers that girls and women face in receiving an accurate and timely autism diagnosis. The journey to late-in-life diagnosis will be…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to review the barriers that girls and women face in receiving an accurate and timely autism diagnosis. The journey to late-in-life diagnosis will be explored with a focus on mental health and well-being. The aim is to improve the awareness of the female autism phenotype to provide access to early identification and appropriate supports and services.
Design/methodology/approach
The author’s clinical experience as an individual, couple and family therapist specializing in girls and women with autism informs the paper. Research on co-occurring mental health experience and diagnoses are reviewed and combined with case examples to outline the themes leading to and obscuring autism diagnosis.
Findings
Females with autism are less likely to be diagnosed or are identified much later than their male counterparts. Living with unidentified autism places significant mental strain on adults, particularly females. Achieving a late-in-life diagnosis is very valuable for adults and can improve self-awareness and access to limited support.
Practical implications
Mental health professionals will develop a better understanding of the overlap between autism and psychiatric conditions and should consider autism in females who are seeking intervention.
Originality/value
This paper provides a clinical approach to working with autistic girls and women. This knowledge can complement the existing research literature and help build the foundation for a greater understanding of the female autism phenotype.
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Females with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may display superficial social skills which may mask their ASD symptomology impacting on the identification of the disorder – known as…
Abstract
Purpose
Females with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may display superficial social skills which may mask their ASD symptomology impacting on the identification of the disorder – known as the “camouflage” hypothesis. Compared to males with ASD, it is increasingly recognised that females with ASD have a stronger ability to imitate behaviour which is socially acceptable, particularly those females who have higher cognitive abilities (i.e. intelligence considered to be within the normal range) (Ehlers and Gillberg, 1993). The paper aims to discuss this issue.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper will explore the literature on camouflaging or masking behaviour in females with ASD. A systematic PRISMA review was conducted.
Findings
The capacity to “camouflage” social difficulties in social situations is considered to be one of the main features of the female phenotype of ASD (e.g. Kenyon, 2014). Social imitation or camouflaging enables some level of success and coping, which results in some females never receiving a diagnosis of ASD. They typically may not exhibit any observable functional impairments. However, under the surface of the camouflage, females may experience high levels of subjective stress, anxiety and exhaustion and a need to re-charge or recuperate by withdrawing from any social interaction.
Research limitations/implications
There is relatively little understanding and knowledge of the female phenotype of ASD. This lack of understanding and knowledge impacts significantly on the ability to identify females with ASD (Lai et al., 2015; Bargiela et al., 2016), which can have a number of negative consequence (Adamou et al., 2018; National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health (UK), 2012).
Practical implications
There is a need for the development of a camouflaging measure.
Originality/value
There is a real need for further research exploring the positive and negative impact of the phenomenon of “camouflaging”, or “pretending to be normal” in females with ASD.