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During the summer of 1981, fifty library practitioners affiliated with various types of library in Scotland were interviewed to find out how practitioners keep themselves up‐to‐date with current innovation and their likes and dislikes in terms of the various forms of material available in the dissemination of research results. The interview sample was drawn from the total library manpower of 15,696 librarians and information workers as represented in the Census of staff in librarianship and information work in 1976. A quota sample of 50 practitioners was selected in proportion to the sizes of the three categories mentioned in footnote (1): 27 (54.0 percent) practitioners from public libraries; 14 (28.0 percent) from academic libraries; and Finally 9 (18.0 percent) from special and government libraries. In order to interview the first set of 27 practitioners, six public library systems were visited: Glasgow (Mitchell), Renfrew, Dundee. Edinburgh, Aberdeen and Highland Regions. Four academic library systems were visited to interview 15 practitioners: Edinburgh University, Heriot‐Watt University, Paisley College and Napier College. Four special and government libraries were visited to interview 9 practitioners: Scottish Office. Department of Environment, Royal College of Physicians, and the National Library of Scotland were selected. In each type of library a minimum of one and maximum of five practitioners was interviewed from different departments or sections and the chief librarians were excluded from the samples.

Academic institutions and their libraries in the Middle East have taken a new turn after the petrodollar boom. Prior to this boom these institutions and their libraries were very poor in many respects. The most noteworthy changes occurred in the Arab OAPEC countries, especially in the Arabian Gulf, and became possible because of the generous budget allocated to the development of education. At present there are 17 universities in the Arabian Gulf and they are divided among six countries, as follows: Saudi Arabia 7, Iraq 6, United Arab Emirates 1, Kuwait 1, Qatar 1 and Bahrain 1. The oldest universities are King Saud University (KSU) (formerly the University of Riyadh) in Saudi Arabia, and the University of Baghdad in Iraq; both were founded in 1957. Most universities came into existence in the 1960s and 1970s (nine universities in the 1960s and six in the 1970s). The most recent is the Arabian Gulf University (AGU) in Bahrain, supported by the Arab Bureau of Education for the Arabian Gulf states. Another university which is under construction is the Sultan Qaboos University (SQU) in Oman; this will be inaugurated formally in Autumn 1986. In Bahrain a university was announced on May 24, 1986 to be formed by merging the two existing major institutions: University College of Arts, Science and Education (UCB) and the Gulf Polytechnic (GP). Plans have already been approved for the construction of a university library building to merge the collections of the UCB and GP libraries.

This study aims to examine the results of structural equation modelling in applying unified theory of acceptance and use of technology in adopting Islamic Fintech among millennials in Malaysia via measurement and structural models.

A total of 418 valid responses have been obtained from Malaysians who are using Islamic Fintech. Before the data is analysed into measurement and structural modelling preliminary analysis such as common method bias has been conducted.

All the requirements for model fit in this study have been achieved. Four exogenous constructs are performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence and facilitating condition. The mediating construct is behavioural intention, whereas the endogenous variable is user adoption. All exogenous constructs show significant p-values except for effort expectancy.

This study offers important implications, specifically for the digital economy that is currently making its way throughout every aspect of human life, namely, social, religious, financial transaction, entertainment and others. The impact of the digital economy can be traced through the emergence of Fintech. The adoption of Islamic Fintech is one of the least discussed areas academically, therefore, this study is considered necessary to explore the prediction of consumer behaviour in Islamic Fintech adoption as a part of the digital economy in Malaysia.

This study fills the perceived gap in the existing financial technology literature by assessing Islamic financial technology adoption via measurement and structural modelling.

Develops a series of factors to be considered when developing criteria for determining the quality of a research article, as well as the quality of a publication (journal) for tenure or promotion decisions. Discusses ways to measure the quality of a particular publication and the research article using a checklist format. Raises commentaries on each perception and variable to enlighten the novice regarding philosophical and ethical issues. The process described is not prescriptive but explorative, allowing the institutional evaluators to compare their individual evaluations using a standardized format and rating scale. The values assigning to each exclusive factor can be varied according to the institutional objectives.

Describes how access to English‐language information by non‐English‐speaking students and faculty at a Middle Eastern university is being facilitated by making available a variety of machine‐readable sources, particularly CD‐ROM, and how not only searching of these sources but also use of the information retrieved are made possible by several means including: the provision by faculty and library staff of translations into English of information requests made in Arabic; the publication of bilingual dictionaries covering a wide range of scientific, technological and other disciplines; and the recent development, by other institutions, of a number of online, multilingual databases covering computer terms and a wide range of science and technology fields, accessible via Gulfnet and the Internet. Anticipates the development of an all‐sources database accessible through all public search‐and‐retrieval terminals.

The purpose of this study is to empirically test the mediating effect of psychological empowerment in the relationship between transformational leadership and two employee outcomes: organizational citizenship behavior and turnover intention.

The data were collected from 316 employees working in the textile industry to empirically test the proposed model.

The findings of this study indicate that psychological empowerment mediates the relationship between transformational leadership and both employee outcomes of organizational citizenship behavior and turnover intention.

This study suggests that organizations aiming to minimize turnover intention among employees should develop a transformational leadership style at the managerial level to enhance psychological empowerment among employees, which, in turn, will also improve organizational citizenship behavior.

This study proposes and tests the indirect effect of transformational leadership on organizational citizenship behavior and turnover intention via psychological empowerment.

Examines efforts currently underway in Arab libraries to establish a formalized document delivery system across the regions, taking advantage of new technology and modern methods of information transmission. Argues that more data on regional and national ILL and document delivery patterns are needed, and the possibility of establishing national and regional clearing houses, as well as exploring verification and location tools. Concludes that progress is being made, albeit somewhat slowly, but there are no easy answers to some of the questions raised.

The chapter is devoted to the in-depth analysis of the compliance between the Shari’ah rules and digital currency within the context of Islamic finance. The emergent trend of digital currencies, especially virtual based as in the case of Bitcoin, has raised questions on the issue of their compatibility with ethical and legal moral rights. The paper covers core issues like Shari’ah implementation, the utilization of tangible assets, crypto as a medium of exchange and some obstacles in merging crypto into Islamic banking. Besides that, the paper outlines workable solutions for overcoming these difficulties, including the introduction of Shari’ah-compliant cryptocurrencies, the development of a regulatory framework and the need for enlightenment and collaboration. Furthermore, the manuscript will exhibit some Islamic-centric digital currencies, e.g. the Islamic Coin and OneGram, to illustrate that a successful integration into Islamic finance is possible. Furthermore, future estimations consider the implications of central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) in Islamic finance which brings up both opportunities and challenges. The conclusion calls for ongoing research and innovation spanning traditional as well as digital (cryptocurrencies) in order to achieve Shari’ah harmonization and eventual evolution of the Islamic finance sector.

The Arabian Gulf Chapter of the Special Libraries Association (AGC/SLA) was founded in 1992 with the objectives of communicating, disseminating and using information effectively in the area which covers Bahrain, Dubai, Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. AGC/SLA provides one of the main channels of communication for professional librarians and information scientists in the area and membership comprises staff working in academic, medical, school, governmental and industrial libraries, as well as ‘recreational librarians’ who serve the large, and predominantly ‘ex‐pat’ community, of Aramco in Saudi Arabia, many of whom are working in the oil industry.