S. Brillante, R.J. Hill, P.J. Leonard and P. Pozzobon
A two‐dimensional electromagnetic field model of a railway track and traction line is used to determine the equivalent track distributed transmission line parameters in the…
Abstract
A two‐dimensional electromagnetic field model of a railway track and traction line is used to determine the equivalent track distributed transmission line parameters in the frequency range DC to 30kHz. The model is solved using the finite‐element method to find the minimum energy condition for two conditions: current excitation to obtain the resistance and inductance, and voltage excitation for the conductance and capacitance. The results have been confirmed using practical test data, and their application is illustrated in a time‐domain circuit simulation to model interference between power and signalling currents in a 750V DC electric railway.
Hanhua Zhang, Jun Li, Jun Zou, Zhixin Wang and Jin Yang
The track impedance is one of the most important parameters in designing the track circuit which is widely used in the railway signal control system to detect the presence of a…
Abstract
Purpose
The track impedance is one of the most important parameters in designing the track circuit which is widely used in the railway signal control system to detect the presence of a train. This paper aims to calculate the ballastless track impedance by taking account of the influence of reinforcement bars.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper proposes a two-step decomposition approach to calculate the ballastless track impedance. The basic idea is evaluating the track impedance without the reinforcement bars by using two-dimensional (2D) finite element method (FEM), and the incremental impedance, because of the reinforcement bar, is calculated by the partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC) method.
Findings
The numerical examples show that the proposed approach can guarantee the accuracy and largely reduce the computing time, at least 20 times, compared with the direct three-dimensional (3D) FEM method.
Research limitations/implications
The study provides a fast approach to calculate the ballastless track impedance. However, compared with the 3D FEM method, the results are less accurate because of the approximation and assumption adopted in the method. A future study should pay more attention to improve accuracy of the model.
Originality/value
A fast approach is proposed to calculate the ballastless track impedance taking account of the influence of the reinforcement bars. The computing time can be largely reduced by using the method. With the proposed approach, the influence of insulation of the reinforcement bars on track impedance can be analyzed.
Details
Keywords
Wojciech Machczynski, Krzysztof Budnik and Jan Szymenderski
dc electrified traction systems are a potential source of stray currents. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the harmful effects (electrolytic corrosion) that an electrified…
Abstract
Purpose
dc electrified traction systems are a potential source of stray currents. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the harmful effects (electrolytic corrosion) that an electrified railway has on nearby earth return circuits (e.g. pipelines).
Design/methodology/approach
The electric circuit approach, based on the earth return circuit theory, to model stray currents interference on extended structures is presented. An exact method of calculation is applicable to any dc railway system in which tracks can be represented by a single earth-return circuit (equivalent rail) with current energization. In the approximate method, the equivalent rail with current energization is modeled as a large multinode electrical equivalent circuit with lumped parameters. The circuit is a chain of basic circuits, which are equivalents of homogenous sections of the rail. The electrode kinetics (polarization phenomenon) is taken into account in the model developed.
Findings
Formulas in partially closed forms are derived applicable to the analysis of currents and potentials along a pipeline laid in the proximity with railway tracks. The attempt is undertaken, to incorporate the electrode kinetics into the simulation model in which the polarization phenomenon (Tafel equation) is modeled by a non-linear voltage source with source voltage being iteratively calculated. The polarization potential along the affected pipeline can be determined.
Originality/value
The pipeline electrochemical response (polarization behavior – non-linear phenomenon on the interface metal-soil electrolyte) to the dc stray currents interference is innovative incorporated into the simulation model with lumped parameters using the iterative process.
Details
Keywords
Alex Brillantes and Lizan Perante-Calina
In this chapter the authors discuss that despite public sector reform being a primary concern of successive national leaders of the Philippines, ‘massive – and sometimes…
Abstract
In this chapter the authors discuss that despite public sector reform being a primary concern of successive national leaders of the Philippines, ‘massive – and sometimes impressive – reorganization plans have not met their declared objectives’. They note that intractable and stubborn problems of Weberian bureaucracy, such as excessive rules and regulations, overlapping structures and procedures, inefficient procedures, lack of coordination, excessive partisan politics and corruption, remain. They examine how leadership can play a pivotal and key role in addressing these problems. Specifically, they argue that reforms should be multi-dimensional, going beyond reorganization and shifting organizational boxes and encompassing changes in behaviour, perspectives and attitudes. Using a concept of ‘phronetic leadership’, they examine three cases of national, local and civil society leaders, as well as a survey of university leaders. They conclude that leaders can make a difference by developing capacities of themselves and of others, and pushing the boundaries of continuous improvement. However, to be sustainable, public sector reforms have to be complemented by reforms of institutions, structures and procedures and anchored in behaviour, values and a common vision that is communicated well and owned by all.
Details
Keywords
The purpose of this paper is to offer pointers to local government executives on the qualities of leadership that drive social innovation (SI) as well as locate the roles of…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to offer pointers to local government executives on the qualities of leadership that drive social innovation (SI) as well as locate the roles of leadership and participation in the output and outcome of SI. Further, the findings of the study can hopefully contribute to the discourse on leadership for a sustainable future.
Design/methodology/approach
The purpose of the study was to highlight the forms of participation among the actors in the different stages of SI, the qualities of the leaders that drove SI and the roles of leadership and participation in the output and outcome of SI. To answer the research questions, the researcher applied the case study research design and employed the grounded theory approach for data analysis and interpretation.
Findings
The cases showed leadership that encourages, as leadership qualities of the governors. These were manifested in terms of being empowering, giving the freehand, being goal-oriented, resource mobilizer, consultative and practicing both bottom-up and top-bottom approaches to make sure that the outputs are achieved, as well as having the qualities of a supportive leader. The cases showed all three employed forms of participation, as categorized by Lowndes et al. (2001). Government can indeed foster innovation when there is close involvement and participation of the workforce in innovation. Leadership and participation play a big role in achieving output and outcome of SI.
Originality/value
The study is a review of the unpublished dissertation by Gallardo (2014) at the National College of Public Administration and Governance, University of the Philippines.
Details
Keywords
In his March 1986 article in Newsweek, Russell Watson exposed “Queen Imelda” Marcos's life of indulgence as the Philippines' First Lady in the opening paragraph:Three thousand…
Abstract
In his March 1986 article in Newsweek, Russell Watson exposed “Queen Imelda” Marcos's life of indulgence as the Philippines' First Lady in the opening paragraph:Three thousand pairs of shoes, size eight and a half. Five shelves of unused Gucci handbags, still stuffed with paper, price tags still attached. Five hundred bras, mostly black, and a trunk full of girdles, 40 and 42 inches around the hips. Huge bottles of perfume, vats of Christian Dior wrinkle cream, a walk-in-safe littered with dozens of empty jewelry cases. When the palace of Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos was opened to the public as a museum last week, foreigners and Filipinos alike gawked at what the former First Lady had left behind. “It was the worst case of conspicuous consumption I have ever seen,” said an American visitor, Rep. Stephen Solarz. “Compared to her, Marie Antoinette was a bag lady.” (Watson, 1986, p. 14)
Dadang Hartanto and Siti Masliana Siregar
This study aims to empirically investigate the relationship of perceived transparency, perceived accountability and perceived responsiveness with overall public trust in local…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to empirically investigate the relationship of perceived transparency, perceived accountability and perceived responsiveness with overall public trust in local government. Moreover, it addressed the “why” and “how” questions about the existence of this relationship by examining the underlying mechanism of the government response to COVID-19.
Design/methodology/approach
Quantitative research design is applied in the current study. Data was collected from two cities situated in Indonesia via a cross-sectional survey at local administration levels. The final data set of 330 respondents was then analyzed using Smart partial least square (PLS)3 by testing through the measurement and structural model.
Findings
Results revealed positive associations among the study variables. Also, the mediatory role of the government response to COVID-19 was supported by the results.
Originality/value
This study aims to bring awareness and contribution in the body of knowledge about the importance of elements of good governance in building and sustaining public trust in local governments based on the fact that in countries such as Indonesia, there is a dearth of literature in this context. Further, it provides strategic and practical suggestions to the state regarding the advantages of using good governance practices in their communication with citizens in certain and uncertain situations, especially nowadays during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Details
Keywords
The aim of administrative reform— a special public policy instrument of governments— is to improve the capacity of public service delivery systems. This study examines the…
Abstract
The aim of administrative reform— a special public policy instrument of governments— is to improve the capacity of public service delivery systems. This study examines the reform-led service delivery situation of public institutions at the local level in South Asia. The study offers an in-depth qualitative study with gleaned data, focusing on primary education in the country in relation to MDGs basic education. Local administration in the country has been a ‘low modicum of self-governance to provide public services. Institutional capacity dealing with educational management has called into question. Primary education in the country is quantitatively discussed while qualitatively is in a state of disarray. As a thorough academic qualitative study with a country-specific case has by far not been explored yet, it fills the information gap. Little is known about the public service delivery capacity with primary education at the local level. This study implicates governments and development partners such as the UN SDGs for effective partnership in development in an era of post-CVID-19 crisis.
Details
Keywords
Disons‐le d'entrée de jeu, je préférerais, quant à moi, inverser les termes et vous entretenir du thème: tourisme et remontées mécaniques. Il me paraît, en effet, qu'en mettant…
Abstract
Disons‐le d'entrée de jeu, je préférerais, quant à moi, inverser les termes et vous entretenir du thème: tourisme et remontées mécaniques. Il me paraît, en effet, qu'en mettant l'accent sur les remontées mécaniques, on se retrouve comme transporté quelque dix ou quinze ans en arrière à cette époque d'investissements fiévreux où l'on croyait qu'il suffisait de construire une ou plusieurs installations — téléphérique, télésiège ou monte‐pente — pour ouvrir une vallée ou une région au tourisme. On cédait à une illusion simpliste: Le tourisme sidvra!