Search results

1 – 10 of 882
Per page
102050
Citations:
Loading...
Access Restricted. View access options
Article
Publication date: 17 April 2020

Kun Lee and Asghar Zaidi

South Korea has shown ultra-low fertility since the 2000s despite a massive expansion of pro-natal policies. The purpose of this research is to analyse institutional and…

808

Abstract

Purpose

South Korea has shown ultra-low fertility since the 2000s despite a massive expansion of pro-natal policies. The purpose of this research is to analyse institutional and socio-cultural configurations surrounding Korea's pro-natal policy and provide implications as to why the comprehensive packages have not produced intended outcomes.

Design/methodology/approach

This study assumes institutional complementarities, suggesting that the effectiveness of policy depends on various support factors. Drawing out insights from the framework of de-familisation, the authors construct a gender and family framework to analyse the pro-natal policy configurations in Korea.

Findings

Labour market policies in Korea have explicitly aimed to support dual-earner couples and protect women's employment status after childbirth. However, the dualistic labour market and remaining female-caregiver norms lead to the polarisation of couples into dual earners and male breadwinners. In family policy, the government has rapidly increased affordable childcare services, but widespread distrust in private services and generous birth-related cash benefits formulate a tension between de-familisation and continued familisation. Other welfare programmes that attach welfare rights to marital status also prolong female-caregiver norms in institutional arrangements. The findings suggest that the ambivalence between recent policy developments and the existing arrangements can limit the effectiveness of the policy packages.

Originality/value

The framework based on institutional complementarities addresses the limitations of previous studies concentrating on the statistical testing of individual policy effects. A similar approach can be applied to other countries showing major policy efforts but producing unsatisfactory outcomes.

Details

International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, vol. 40 no. 7/8
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0144-333X

Keywords

Access Restricted. View access options
Article
Publication date: 10 June 2020

Hassan Iftikhar, Salman Asghar and Yan Luximon

Complex environments have a paucity of visual wayfinding information creating a strenuous situation for the new visitors. University campuses situated in the central urban areas…

1113

Abstract

Purpose

Complex environments have a paucity of visual wayfinding information creating a strenuous situation for the new visitors. University campuses situated in the central urban areas with multi-storey structures and complex spatial layouts have poor environmental legibility. International students and visitors with diverse cultural backgrounds feel disoriented during wayfinding in these environments. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the cultural and individual differences affecting wayfinding behaviour.

Design/methodology/approach

An online wayfinding survey has been conducted through a questionnaire from 170 university students and visitors from Hong Kong and Pakistan. A five-point bipolar Likert scale has been used to evaluate wayfinding problems and ascribed behaviour.

Findings

The results enunciated a substantial influence of culture on the decision-making process and wayfinding behaviour. Critical differences have been documented based on the country of origin and native language. Individual-related differences (age, gender, spatial familiarity, education, etc.) were computed, where age and spatial familiarity being noted as key factors impacting the respondents’ opinion. Future exploration has been discussed for the pivotal elements regarding wayfinding information signage using computer simulations.

Research limitations/implications

The investigation can be further moved towards the other complex environments with fused facilities for a better understanding of wayfinding behaviour.

Practical implications

The findings can be instrumental for improved access to user facilities and can reinforce the user’s trust and dependence on the institutional facility management.

Originality/value

In the wayfinding study, no cross-cultural (individualists vs collectivists) study has been conducted in a university campus to investigate the wayfinding difficulty and ascribed behaviour, especially when the environment is unfamiliar.

Access Restricted. View access options
Article
Publication date: 25 February 2014

T. Hayat, R. Naz, S. Asghar and A. Alsaedi

The purpose of this paper is to study the heat and mass transfer with Soret-Dufour effects for the magnetohydrodynamic three-dimensional flow of second grade fluid in the rotating…

163

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to study the heat and mass transfer with Soret-Dufour effects for the magnetohydrodynamic three-dimensional flow of second grade fluid in the rotating frame of reference.

Design/methodology/approach

Series solution is obtained by homotopy analysis method.

Findings

Increase in Soret number, Schmidt number and Dufour number, the heat transfer increases and mass transfer decreases. Effects of Prandtl and Eckert numbers are qualitatively similar as they assist the temperature profile and reduce the concentration of species. Increase in the length of the channel versus height increases the temperature profile but decreases the concentration field. Increase in the second grade fluid parameter causes reduction in both the temperature and concentration fields. The heat flux values at the lower plate are smaller than the values at the upper plate, whereas the situation is opposite in the case of mass transfer.

Originality/value

These findings will be useful for the fluid flow in porous channel.

Details

International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, vol. 24 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0961-5539

Keywords

Access Restricted. View access options
Book part
Publication date: 13 May 2019

Ezebuilo R. Ukwueze, Henry T. Asogwa, Ozoemena S. Nwodo and Oliver E. Ogbonna

The relationship between terrorism and foreign direct investment (FDI) has stimulated research curiosity given its effects on lives lost, injuries, property damaged, and the…

Abstract

The relationship between terrorism and foreign direct investment (FDI) has stimulated research curiosity given its effects on lives lost, injuries, property damaged, and the psychological aftereffects, which to a very large extent impact economic growth and development. The realization of the magnitude of its influence on bilateral economic ties engineered the study, which examined the impact of terrorism on FDI in Nigeria. The data for this study were sourced from Global Terrorism Index (GTI), Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) database, International Country Risk Guide (ICRG)’s Quality of Governance (QoG) database, Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Bulletin, and World Bank Development Indicators (WDI) using autoregressive distributive lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach as described by Pesaran et al. (2001). From the results obtained, military expenditure, episode(s) of ethnic violence, and terrorist attacks have all been noted to have negative and significant impacts on FDI in Nigeria. The implication is that the reduction in FDI observed in the data is attributed to terrorism. Therefore, governments should overhaul the security apparatus so as to quell the menace of terrorists. This will go a long way to create a conducive environment for FDI to thrive, which will create more jobs for the growth and development of the Nigerian economy.

Details

The Impact of Global Terrorism on Economic and Political Development
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78769-919-9

Keywords

Access Restricted. View access options
Article
Publication date: 16 October 2017

A.M. Abd-Alla, S.M. Abo-Dahab and M. Elsagheer

The purpose of this paper is to predict the effects of magnetic field, heat and mass transfer and rotation on the peristaltic flow of an incompressible Newtonian fluid in a…

90

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to predict the effects of magnetic field, heat and mass transfer and rotation on the peristaltic flow of an incompressible Newtonian fluid in a channel with compliant walls. The whole system is in a rotating frame of reference.

Design/methodology/approach

The governing equations of two-dimensional fluid have been simplified under long wavelength and low Reynolds number approximation. The solutions are carried out for the stream function, temperature, concentration field, velocity and heat transfer coefficient.

Findings

The results indicate that the effects of permeability, magnetic field and rotation are very pronounced in the phenomena. Impacts of various involved parameters appearing in the solutions are carefully analyzed.

Originality/value

The effect of the concentration distribution, heat and mass transfer and rotation on the wave frame is analyzed theoretically and computed numerically. Numerical results are given and illustrated graphically in each case considered. A comparison was made with the results obtained in the presence and absence of rotation, magnetic field and heat and mass transfer.

Details

Multidiscipline Modeling in Materials and Structures, vol. 13 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1573-6105

Keywords

Access Restricted. View access options
Article
Publication date: 16 July 2024

Fehid Ishtiaq, R. Ellahi, M.M. Bhatti and Sadiq M. Sait

Cilia serves numerous biological functions in the human body. Malfunctioning of nonmotile or motile cilia will have different kinds of consequences for human health. More…

69

Abstract

Purpose

Cilia serves numerous biological functions in the human body. Malfunctioning of nonmotile or motile cilia will have different kinds of consequences for human health. More specifically, the directed and rhythmic beat of motile cilia facilitates the unidirectional flow of fluids that are crucial in both homeostasis and the development of ciliated tissues. In cilia-dependent hydrodynamic flows, tapering geometries look a lot like the structure of biological pathways and vessels, like airways and lymphatic vessels. In this paper, the Carreau fluid model through the cilia-assisted tapered channel (asymmetric) under the influence of induced magnetic field and convective heat transfer is investigated.

Design/methodology/approach

Lubrication theory is a key player in the mathematical formulation of momentum, magnetic field and energy equations. The formulated nonlinear and coupled differential equations are solved with the aid of the homotopy perturbation method (HPM). The graphical results are illustrated with the help of the computational software “Mathematica.”

Findings

The impact of diverse emerging physical parameters on velocity, induced magnetic field, pressure rise, current density and temperature profiles is presented graphically. It is observed that the cilia length parameter supported the velocity and current density profiles, while the Hartman number and Weissenberg number were opposed. A promising effect of emerging parameters on streamlines is also perceived.

Originality/value

The study provides novel aspects of cilia-driven induced magnetohydrodynamics flow of Carreau fluid under the influence of induced magnetic field and convective heat transfer through the asymmetric tapered channel.

Details

International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, vol. 34 no. 9
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0961-5539

Keywords

Access Restricted. View access options
Article
Publication date: 21 February 2025

Simona Curiello, Enrica Iannuzzi, Dirk Meissner and Claudio Nigro

This work provides an overview of academic articles on the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare. It delves into the innovation process, encompassing a…

2

Abstract

Purpose

This work provides an overview of academic articles on the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare. It delves into the innovation process, encompassing a two-stage trajectory of exploration and development followed by dissemination and adoption. To illuminate the transition from the first to the second stage, we use prospect theory (PT) to offer insights into the effects of risk and uncertainty on individual decision-making, which potentially lead to partially irrational choices. The primary objective is to discern whether clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) can serve as effective means of “cognitive debiasing”, thus countering the perceived risks.

Design/methodology/approach

This study presents a comprehensive systematic literature review (SLR) of the adoption of clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) in healthcare. We selected English articles dated 2013–2023 from Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed, found using keywords such as “Artificial Intelligence,” “Healthcare” and “CDSS.” A bibliometric analysis was conducted to evaluate literature productivity and its impact on this topic.

Findings

Of 322 articles, 113 met the eligibility criteria. These pointed to a widespread reluctance among physicians to adopt AI systems, primarily due to trust-related issues. Although our systematic literature review underscores the positive effects of AI in healthcare, it barely addresses the associated risks.

Research limitations/implications

This study has certain limitations, including potential concerns regarding generalizability, biases in the literature review and reliance on theoretical frameworks that lack empirical evidence.

Originality/value

The uniqueness of this study lies in its examination of healthcare professionals’ perceptions of the risks associated with implementing AI systems. Moreover, it addresses liability issues involving a range of stakeholders, including algorithm developers, Internet of Things (IoT) manufacturers, communication systems and cybersecurity providers.

Details

European Journal of Innovation Management, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1460-1060

Keywords

Access Restricted. View access options
Article
Publication date: 23 March 2012

E. Momoniat and C. Harley

The purpose of this paper is to obtain numerical solutions of a two‐dimensional mixed space‐time PDE modelling the flow of a second‐grade.

337

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to obtain numerical solutions of a two‐dimensional mixed space‐time PDE modelling the flow of a second‐grade.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper derives conditionally stable Crank‐Nicolson schemes to solve both the one and two dimensional mixed‐space time PDE. For the two‐dimensional case we implement the Crank‐Nicolson scheme using a Peaceman‐Rachford ADI scheme.

Findings

For zero‐shear boundaries the Cattanneo representation of the model equation blows up whilst the representation derived by Rajagopal is stable and produces solutions which decay over time.

Originality/value

The use of a Peaceman‐Rachford ADI scheme to solve a mixed space‐time PDE is both novel and new.

Details

International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, vol. 22 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0961-5539

Keywords

Access Restricted. View access options
Article
Publication date: 10 September 2024

Razi Khan

Analyzing and reducing entropy generation is useful for enhancing the thermodynamic performance of engineering systems. This study aims to explore how polymers and nanoparticles…

20

Abstract

Purpose

Analyzing and reducing entropy generation is useful for enhancing the thermodynamic performance of engineering systems. This study aims to explore how polymers and nanoparticles in the presence of Lorentz forces influence the fluid behavior and heat transfer characteristics to lessen energy loss and entropy generation.

Design/methodology/approach

The dispersion model is initially used to examine the behavior of polymer additives over a magnetized surface. The governing system of partial differential equations (PDEs) is subsequently reduced through the utilization of similarity transformation techniques. Entropy analysis is primarily performed through the implementation of numerical computations on a non-Newtonian polymeric FENE-P model.

Findings

The numerical simulations conducted in the presence of Lorentz forces provide significant insights into the consequences of adding polymers to the base fluid. The findings suggest that such an approach minimizes entropy in the flow region. Through the utilization of polymer-MHD (magnetohydrodynamic) interactions, it is feasible to reduce energy loss and improve the efficiency of the system.

Originality/value

This study’s primary motivation and novelty lie in examining the significance of polymer additives as agents that reduce entropy generation on a magnetic surface. The author looks at how nanofluids affect the development of entropy and the loss of irreversibility. To do this, the author uses the Lorentz force, the Soret effect and the Dufour effect to minimize entropy. The findings contribute to fluid mechanics and thermodynamics by providing valuable insights for engineering systems to increase energy efficiency and conserve resources.

Details

International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, vol. 34 no. 10
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0961-5539

Keywords

Available. Open Access. Open Access
Article
Publication date: 8 February 2022

Oche A. Egaji, Ikram Asghar, Mark G. Griffiths and David Hinton

This study aims to evaluate the usability of the augmented reality-based Evoke Education System (EES) to improve service operations in educational settings. The EES uses an…

1737

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to evaluate the usability of the augmented reality-based Evoke Education System (EES) to improve service operations in educational settings. The EES uses an animated character (Moe) to interact with children in a classroom by reproducing their teacher's movements and speech.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses a quantitative approach for the system usability evaluation. The ESS was evaluated by 71 children aged 6–8 years old, from two primary schools. After interacting with the EES, they completed a system usability questionnaire and participated in a knowledge acquisition test.

Findings

The knowledge acquisition test undertaken on the initial day showed statistically significant improvements for children taught with the EES, compared to children taught through traditional teaching approaches. However, the retest nine days later was not statistically significant (as only one school participated) due to low power. This study used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), resulting in the identification of five essential factors (likeability, interactiveness, retention, effectiveness/attractiveness and satisfaction) that contribute to the EES's usability. The comparison with existing literature shows that these factors are consistent with the definition of system usability provided by the International Organization for Standardization and current academic literature in this field.

Research limitations/implications

The findings presented in this study are based on the data from only two schools. The research can be extended by involving children from a greater number of schools. Mixed methods and qualitative research approaches can be used for future research in this area to generalise the results.

Originality/value

This study proposes an innovative augmented reality-based education system to help teachers deliver their key messages to the children in a fun way that can potentially increase their knowledge retention.

1 – 10 of 882
Per page
102050