Rosy Pradhan, Santosh Kumar Majhi and Bibhuti Bhusan Pati
Now days, various techniques are used for controlling the plants. New ideas are evolving day by day to get better-quality control for various industrial processes to produce…
Abstract
Purpose
Now days, various techniques are used for controlling the plants. New ideas are evolving day by day to get better-quality control for various industrial processes to produce high-quality products. Currently, the focus of this research is being emphasized on application of nature-inspired algorithms in control systems. The purpose of this paper is to apply a nature-inspired algorithm called Ant Lion Optimizer (ALO) for the design of proportional-integrator-derivative (PID) controller for an automatic voltage regulator (AVR) system.
Design/methodology/approach
For the design of the PID controller, the ALO algorithm is considered as a designing tool for obtaining the optimal values of the controller parameter. All the simulations are carried out in Simulink/MATLAB environment. A comparative study is carried out with some modern nature-inspired algorithm to describe the advantages of this tuning method.
Findings
The proposed method has superiority value in transient and frequency domain analysis than the other published heuristic optimization algorithms. The presented approach has almost no variation in transient response when varying time constants of the system parameter, such as exciter, generator, amplifier and sensor from −50 per cent to +50 per cent. In addition, the close loop system is robust against any disturbances such as input–output disturbances and parametric uncertainty, as the sensitivity values are nearly equal to one.
Originality/value
The proposed method presents the design and performance analysis of proportional integral derivate (PID) controller for an AVR system using the recently proposed ALO.
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Sahil Narang and Rudra P. Pradhan
This study aims to examine the reaction of anchor investors (AIs) to pre-IPO earnings management (EM). The authors use the unique detailed bid data from the Indian anchor…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to examine the reaction of anchor investors (AIs) to pre-IPO earnings management (EM). The authors use the unique detailed bid data from the Indian anchor experiment. The authors also study the reputed AIs’ EM detection ability and pricing behavior in response to pre-IPO EM.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors use unique AI bid data for 169 Indian IPO firms. Utilizing the logistic regression and Tobit regression models with industry and year-fixed effects, the authors examine the relationship between various measures of AI participation and proxies of short-term and long-term discretionary accruals.
Findings
The authors document that pre-IPO EM is positively associated with the likelihood of anchor backing but negatively related to the likelihood of reputed anchor backing. The findings indicate that AIs are misled by pre-IPO EM, but reputed AIs are not. The authors also observe that reputed AIs, compared to the non-reputed, pay less than the upper band with increasing EM. The findings are robust to using various AI measures and EM proxies.
Practical implications
The findings have significant implications for regulators in the implementation of AI concept in non-anchor markets and better implementation of policies in existing anchor settings. Findings can also be relevant for non-institutional investors in the IPO domain.
Originality/value
This is one of the few studies on institutional investors' IPO bidding behavior in response to pre-IPO EM. However, this is the first study to analyze AIs' IPO bidding behavior in response to pre-IPO EM.
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Bikesh Manandhar, Thanh-Canh Huynh, Pawan Kumar Bhattarai, Suchita Shrestha and Ananta Man Singh Pradhan
This research is aimed at preparing landslide susceptibility using spatial analysis and soft computing machine learning techniques based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs)…
Abstract
Purpose
This research is aimed at preparing landslide susceptibility using spatial analysis and soft computing machine learning techniques based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs), artificial neural networks (ANNs) and logistic regression (LR) models.
Design/methodology/approach
Using the Geographical Information System (GIS), a spatial database including topographic, hydrologic, geological and landuse data is created for the study area. The data are randomly divided between a training set (70%), a validation (10%) and a test set (20%).
Findings
The validation findings demonstrate that the CNN model (has an 89% success rate and an 84% prediction rate). The ANN model (with an 84% success rate and an 81% prediction rate) predicts landslides better than the LR model (with a success rate of 82% and a prediction rate of 79%). In comparison, the CNN proves to be more accurate than the logistic regression and is utilized for final susceptibility.
Research limitations/implications
Land cover data and geological data are limited in largescale, making it challenging to develop accurate and comprehensive susceptibility maps.
Practical implications
It helps to identify areas with a higher likelihood of experiencing landslides. This information is crucial for assessing the risk posed to human lives, infrastructure and properties in these areas. It allows authorities and stakeholders to prioritize risk management efforts and allocate resources more effectively.
Social implications
The social implications of a landslide susceptibility map are profound, as it provides vital information for disaster preparedness, risk mitigation and landuse planning. Communities can utilize these maps to identify vulnerable areas, implement zoning regulations and develop evacuation plans, ultimately safeguarding lives and property. Additionally, access to such information promotes public awareness and education about landslide risks, fostering a proactive approach to disaster management. However, reliance solely on these maps may also create a false sense of security, necessitating continuous updates and integration with other risk assessment measures to ensure effective disaster resilience strategies are in place.
Originality/value
Landslide susceptibility mapping provides a proactive approach to identifying areas at higher risk of landslides before any significant events occur. Researchers continually explore new data sources, modeling techniques and validation approaches, leading to a better understanding of landslide dynamics and susceptibility factors.
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Population control as a state-sponsored activity came into prominence following the publication of Ehrlich’s The Population Bomb in 1968. This was taken up by the IPCC, but by…
Abstract
Population control as a state-sponsored activity came into prominence following the publication of Ehrlich’s The Population Bomb in 1968. This was taken up by the IPCC, but by 1994, this changed and any mention of population reduction as a part-solution to CO2-induced global warming became taboo. Later, when drastic reductions in birth rates as measured by Total Fertility Rates (TFR) were observed in economically advanced countries, books were written to celebrate the fact. The population bomb, it seems, had been defused spontaneously, or so it was claimed. The new problem for many states was the decline of their native populations, and the aging workforce triggering the need for mass immigration to fill the gaps. This chapter traces the ebb-and-flow of Population Policy related to climate change and net-zero. The current ‘hands-off, the problem is solved’ policy is a grievous mistake and may hasten the Major ‘Population Correction’ (he means catastrophic near wipeout) described by William E Rees in 2023. If States and inter-governmental organisation would get behind a policy of non-coercive population reduction, then the goal of net-zero can be achieved quicker and more easily.
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The aim of the study is to demonstrate evidence that societal ageing and poor economic growth are linked in the advanced economies. It challenges the claim however that secular…
Abstract
Purpose
The aim of the study is to demonstrate evidence that societal ageing and poor economic growth are linked in the advanced economies. It challenges the claim however that secular stagnation represents a serious problem for future prosperity.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper critically reviews recent formulations of the secular stagnation hypothesis concerning stalled economic growth in the advanced economies and the links between demographic ageing and economic slowdown. It outlines both trends (of ageing and stalled growth) and reviews some of the key empirical studies that have sought to determine the role played by demographic change in accounting for the relative lack of growth in the advanced economies.
Findings
The advanced economies are ageing and their economic growth is slowing, although a causal link between these two phenomena remains unproven. However, even if no direct causal link can be drawn between these two processes the focus upon the impact of societal ageing serves as a stimulus to re-think the nature of future growth in our increasingly ageing and unequal societies.
Research limitations/implications
While the measurement of demographic trends is relatively straightforward, there are more problems in specifying the exact parameters of macroeconomic growth. This makes empirical studies in the area difficult to interpret. However studies in this area have value in widening thinking about the role of ageing and the nature of growth in the future.
Practical implications
Rather than fearing the prospect of an age related slowdown in the rate of growth in the advanced economies, these developments offer opportunities to focus upon redistribution more than growth, while supporting a programme of growth with equity in the world's developing economies.
Social implications
While a demographically over-determined model of the secular stagnation hypothesis is dubious, the future ageing of the advanced economies is certainly a challenge. It is also an opportunity for rethinking ideas about ageing, growth and development. Adopting such a more nuanced perspective offers a counter-narrative to the demographic catastrophising that is often evident when discussing 'societal ageing'. It also suggests the value of shifting the perspective of seeking ever increasing growth toward a greater focus upon redistribution, between and within the generations.
Originality/value
There has been very little engagement with the secular stagnation hypothesis outside economics. Behind its macroeconomic formulation, however, lie assumptions about the ageing of society that can easily become examples of unwarranted demographic catastrophising. By bringing this topic to the attention of the social sciences, the paper can serve as a stimulus for rethinking both ageing and growth.
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Christian Di Falco, Guido Noto, Carmelo Marisca and Gustavo Barresi
This article aims to provide the current state of the art of the literature on the contribution of information and communication technologies (ICTs) on the measurement and…
Abstract
Purpose
This article aims to provide the current state of the art of the literature on the contribution of information and communication technologies (ICTs) on the measurement and management of performance in the healthcare sector. In particular, the work aims to identify current and emerging ICTs and how these relate to the performance measurement and management (PMM) cycle of healthcare organizations.
Design/methodology/approach
To address the research objective, we adopted a systematic literature review. In particular, we used the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) methodology to select articles related to the investigated topic. Based on an initial screening of 560 items retrieved from Scopus and ISI Web of Knowledge, we identified and analyzed 58 articles dealing with ICTs and PMM in the healthcare sector. The last update of the dataset refers to February 2024.
Findings
Although we attempted to address a relevant topic for both research and practice, we noticed that a relatively small sample of articles directly addressed it. Through this literature review, in addition to providing descriptive statistics of research on ICTs and PMM in healthcare, we identified six theoretical clusters of scientific streams focusing on the topic and eleven categories of ICTs effectively tackled by the literature. We then provided a holistic framework to link technologies to the different PMM phases and functions.
Practical implications
Nowadays, the availability of ICTs to support healthcare organizations’ processes and services is extensive. In this context, managers at various organizational levels need to understand and evaluate how each ICT can support different activities to benefit most from their adoption. The findings of this study can offer valuable insights to top and line managers of healthcare organizations for planning their investments in both existing and emerging ICTs to support the various stages of development and functions of PMM.
Originality/value
Most of the current literature focusing on ICTs in the healthcare sector refers to the contribution that technology provides to clinical processes and services, devoting limited attention to the impact of ICTs on administrative processes, such as PMM. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this represents the first literature review on the contribution of ICTs to PMM in the healthcare sector. The review, differently from other research focused on specific ICTs and/or specific PMM functions, provides a holistic perspective to understand how these technologies may support healthcare organizations and systems in measuring and managing their performance.
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Shailesh Rastogi and Jagjeevan Kanoujiya
This study aims to determine the association of Transparency and Disclosure (TD) with financial distress (FID) while the competition (as Lerner Index) moderates the association…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to determine the association of Transparency and Disclosure (TD) with financial distress (FID) while the competition (as Lerner Index) moderates the association between the two.
Design/methodology/approach
The panel data analysis (static model) is performed to examine the effect of disclosures on the bank's FID. A TD index is built to assess the level of TD. All three versions of Altman's Zscore are employed to measure a bank's FID (High Zscore is opposite of FID). The data of 34 banks running in India for the timeframe 2015–16 to 2018–19 is utilized. Lerner index (LI) is taken as the moderator. The bank-size, valuation and financial leverage are control variables.
Findings
There exists no linear connection between TD and FID. However, TD is positively associated with financial stability (opposite FID). It means TD initially reduces financial stability and improves it after TD crosses a threshold level. Competition (as LI, where the higher value of LI means reduced competition) negatively moderates the association of TD with financial stability. Hence, the findings of this study support the competition-fragility premise. Surprisingly, the negatively significant interaction term of LI and TD implies either high competition and high TD or low competition with low TD, which helps in the bank's financial stability.
Originality/value
The findings provide input to a long-term policy of disclosures and competition in the banking sector, keeping in view the financial stability of the banks. Therefore, findings are novel and carry immense value to the existing knowledge on the topic.