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As part of a new focus on a better balance of investment in innovation activities in developing countries, this study aims to understand the effects of technological attributes (technological complexity and type of technology) on manufacturing technology sourcing (whether firms choose either internal development or external sources).

Multiple-case studies were conducted in the Peruvian manufacturing sector.

The authors found that, across Peruvian manufacturing firms, they develop a certain manufacturing technology related to their capabilities. However, when the total cost of acquisition is lower than internal costs of developing technologies, they will choose external sources, regardless of their capabilities and complexity of the technology. In addition, analysis of the type of technology indicated that the pursuit of simultaneous exploration and exploitation occurs when firms use external sources rather than internal.

This study has the limitation that data have been collected years after the decision-making process; the results are based solely on the authors’ analysis using the case of Peruvian industry, and they do not track the impact on the performance of manufacturing technology decisions.

The findings have important implications for technology managers of South American manufacturing firms that are decision makers in the sourcing of new manufacturing technologies.

The results of this study provide literature with insights into technology sourcing strategy in developing countries and the importance of progress in transitioning to technological innovation and catchup.

Como parte de um novo foco em um melhor equilíbrio do investimento em atividades de inovação nos países em desenvolvimento, este estudo compreende os efeitos dos atributos tecnológicos (complexidade tecnológica e tipo de tecnologia) no suprimento de tecnologia de fabricação (se as empresas escolhem desenvolvimento interno ou fontes externas).

Estudos de casos múltiplos foram conduzidos no setor manufatureiro peruano.

Descobrimos que, em todas as empresas de fabricação peruanas, elas desenvolvem uma certa tecnologia de fabricação relacionada às suas capacidades. No entanto, quando o custo total de aquisição é menor do que os custos internos de desenvolvimento de tecnologias, eles escolhem fontes externas, independentemente de suas capacidades e complexidade da tecnologia. Além disso, a análise do tipo de tecnologia indicou que a busca da exploração e exploração simultâneas ocorre quando as empresas usam fontes externas em vez de internas.

Este estudo tem a limitação de que os dados foram coletados anos após o processo de tomada de decisão, os resultados são baseados exclusivamente em nossa análise usando o caso da indústria peruana e não acompanhamos o impacto sobre o desempenho das decisões de tecnologia de fabricação.

Os resultados deste estudo fornecem à literatura insights sobre a estratégia de fornecimento de tecnologia nos países em desenvolvimento e a importância do progresso na transição para a inovação tecnológica e o catch-up.

Sourcing de tecnologia, Tecnologia de fabricação, Peru

Como parte de un nuevo enfoque en un mejor equilibrio de la inversión en actividades de innovación en los países en desarrollo, este estudio comprende los efectos de los atributos tecnológicos (complejidad tecnológica y tipo de tecnología) en la fuente de tecnología de manufactura (ya sea que las empresas elijan desarrollo interno o fuentes externas).

Se realizaron estudios de casos múltiples en el sector manufacturero peruano.

Los resultados muestran que, en todas las empresas manufactureras peruanas, desarrollan una cierta tecnología de manufactura relacionada con sus capacidades. Sin embargo, cuando el costo total de adquisición es menor que el costo interno de desarrollar tecnologías, elegirán fuentes externas, independientemente de sus capacidades y la complejidad de la tecnología. Además, el análisis del tipo de tecnología indicó que la búsqueda simultánea de exploración y explotación ocurre cuando las empresas utilizan fuentes externas en lugar de internas.

Este estudio tiene la limitante de que los datos fueron recopilados luego del proceso de toma de decisiones, los resultados se basan únicamente en la industria peruana y no analizamos el impacto que tuvieron las decisiones recolectadas.

Los resultados de este estudio proporcionan información sobre la estrategia de abastecimiento de tecnología en los países en desarrollo y la importancia del progreso en la transición a la innovación tecnológica y la puesta al día.

Fuente de tecnología, Tecnología de fabricación, Perú

Continuous knowledge sharing by active users, who are highly active in answering questions, is crucial to the sustenance of social question-and-answer (Q&A) sites. The purpose of this paper is to examine such knowledge sharing considering reason-based elaborate decision and habit-based automated cognitive processes.

To verify the research hypotheses, survey data on subjective intentions and web-crawled data on objective behavior are utilized. The sample size is 337 with the response rate of 27.2 percent. Negative binomial and hierarchical linear regressions are used given the skewed distribution of the dependent variable (i.e. the number of answers).

Both elaborate decision (linking satisfaction, intentions and continuance behavior) and automated cognitive processes (linking past and continuance behavior) are significant and substitutable.

By measuring both subjective intentions and objective behavior, it verifies a detailed mechanism linking continuance intentions, past behavior and continuous knowledge sharing. The significant influence of automated cognitive processes implies that online knowledge sharing is habitual for active users.

Understanding that online knowledge sharing is habitual is imperative to maintaining continuous knowledge sharing by active users. Knowledge sharing trends should be monitored to check if the frequency of sharing decreases. Social Q&A sites should intervene to restore knowledge sharing behavior through personalized incentives.

This is the first study utilizing both subjective intentions and objective behavior data in the context of online knowledge sharing. It also introduces habit-based automated cognitive processes to this context. This approach extends the current understanding of continuous online knowledge sharing behavior.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate empirically impacts of organizational knowledge-sharing practices (KSP) on employees’ job satisfaction (JS), interpersonal adaptability (IA) and learning commitment (LC). Indirect effects of KSP on JS are also confirmed through mediating factors (LC and IA).

Self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Knowledge workers from service sector organizations were taken as population of study. Therefore, three types of institutes (banks, insurance and telecom companies) from services sector of Pakistan were selected for sampling purpose. A sample size of 435 employees, comprising 145 employees from each type of institute, was selected. Linear regression analysis and mediation analyses were performed for statistical analysis.

Organizational support for knowledge sharing fosters learning commitment (LC), and interpersonal adaptability (IA) among workforce that ultimately grounds employees’ job satisfaction. Therefore, in our findings, the mediating role of IA is greater than the mediating effect of LC.

This study presents a firm reasoning to decision makers for implementation of KSP in the organizations. Findings of study offer several subjects for discussion in the field of KS by academics and research. Present research is limited to test the composite effect of KSP for some selected employee outcomes only.

This research attempts to provide empirical evidence about impacts of KSP on employee outcomes. Research work on such issues was lacking in Pakistani context. Therefore, this paper supplies ample of theoretical base for future research as well as management decision makers to maximize the benefits of implementing KSP at their organizations.

The Audit and Accounting Firms (AAF) companies are of great importance as they audit companies in different sectors and report on their economic-financial situation. The academic literature has analysed these firms but has not gone as far as to review their economic and financial health. Therefore, this study aims to focus on the analysis of whether these companies are viable companies beyond the large firms, whether they generate profits from their activity or whether they tend to go bankrupt. In addition, the impact of COVID-19 has been studied, since it is questionable whether the effect on AAF has been negative or positive.

In order to answer the hypotheses put forward in this study, analysis of the profitability, liquidity and solvency situation of AAF considering their size and age, as well as the impact of the pandemic on this sector has been done. In total, 12,469 European companies are analysed. After the descriptive analysis of the companies by ratios, the Altman Z-score model is used as a methodology to assess whether they are bankruptcy-prone companies based on their characteristics.

The results of the analysis of the study have shown that these are companies of great importance to the European economy and that, depending on their characteristics, there are companies that may be closer to the risk of bankruptcy. This study is an essential contribution to the academic literature, public administration and the management of auditing and accounting firms.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to analyse AAF at the European level with a panel data sample. The results obtained can be generalized and form the basis for future lines of research.