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Baltic Journal of Management, vol. 2 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1746-5265

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Article
Publication date: 14 September 2010

Rolv Petter Amdam, Petras Baršauskas and Alfredas Chmieliauskas

860

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Baltic Journal of Management, vol. 5 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1746-5265

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Article
Publication date: 9 January 2009

Asta Pundziene

738

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Baltic Journal of Management, vol. 4 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1746-5265

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Article
Publication date: 22 May 2007

Lina Labatmedienė, Auksė Endriulaitienė and Loreta Gustainienė

The goals of the present study are three‐fold. First of all, the paper aims to test the three‐component model (emotional, continuance and normative components) of organizational…

5143

Abstract

Purpose

The goals of the present study are three‐fold. First of all, the paper aims to test the three‐component model (emotional, continuance and normative components) of organizational commitment in the Lithuanian population. The second goal is to analyze the relationships among individual factors (age, gender, personality traits) and organizational commitment. Finally, the paper aims to test the hypothesis if there was a relationship between organizational commitment and intention to leave the organization in the Lithuanian sample.

Design/methodology/approach

The participants of the study were 105 employees working in various Lithuanian organizations (41 men and 64 women). The average age was 34.9 (SD = 11.6). The subjects completed the questionnaire that included responses to three‐dimensional measure of organizational commitment, self‐reported measure of temperament, as well as questions about demographic information. Following Meyer et al., intention to leave the organization was assessed with three questions: first, how frequently the employee thinks about leaving his or her current employer; second, how likely it is that employee will search for a job in another organization; and third, how likely it is that an individual will actually leave the organization within the next year. The regression analysis was used to predict the relationships between individual factors and organizational commitment.

Findings

The results of the investigation revealed that the three‐component measure of organizational commitment is valid in Lithuanian sample. Contrary to expectations, it was found that there was no significant relationship between personality traits and organizational commitment, but there was a significant relationship between organizational commitment and intension to leave the organization. It was also found that there was a significant relationship among organizational commitment, age, and the level of education.

Research limitations/implications

The design of the study does not allow making causal statements. In addition, the sample is quite small and may not be representative, so one should be careful to make generalizations to other populations. Third, since all measures used are self‐reports, common method variance is a problem, as well as social desirability effects.

Practical implications

Organizational commitment is an important research topic of human resource management, having both practical and theoretical implications. Managers could benefit from understanding the predictors of committed manpower because they can initiate the interventions when the problem exists.

Originality/value

The research contributes to organizational commitment literature by providing empirical findings and theoretical interpretations regarding the role of individual factors in explaining interrelationships among different forms of organizational commitment and employee behaviour.

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Baltic Journal of Management, vol. 2 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1746-5265

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Article
Publication date: 22 May 2007

Nerijus Mačiulis, Vaiva Lazauskaitė and Elias Bengtsson

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate and compare performances of three Nordic (Sweden, Denmark, Finland) and three Baltic (Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia) exchanges.

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate and compare performances of three Nordic (Sweden, Denmark, Finland) and three Baltic (Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia) exchanges.

Design/methodology/approach

Portfolio performance is estimated using two different approaches: traditional measures – Sharpe, Sortino and Treynor ratios; and alternative measures – reward to value‐at‐risk and reward to expected tail loss (RETL).

Findings

The findings highlight the differences and similarities in Nordic and Baltic stock exchanges and their performance trends after creation of common marketplace OMX. Returns of Baltic, like Nordic, exchanges are normally distributed. During the period of 2000‐2006, Baltic exchanges outperformed Nordic exchanges.

Research limitations/implications

The research is limited to six stock exchanges that are members of common marketplace OMX. Proposed alternative performance measures did not diverge from traditional approaches, because, apparently, Baltic exchanges offer normally distributed returns and should not be considered emerging markets. These measures should be further tested in developing and emerging markets.

Originality/value

The findings have both theoretical and practical implications. To the authors' best knowledge, it is the first public attempt to estimate performance of Baltic and Nordic exchanges in the context of modern portfolio theory and, alternatively, new science of risk management (value at risk and expected tail loss). The paper argues for the usage of an alternative measure for performance valuation – RETL. Furthermore, the paper discuses merits and limitations of different approaches to risk and performance measurement.

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Baltic Journal of Management, vol. 2 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1746-5265

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Article
Publication date: 1 August 2002

Randi Lunnan, Rolv Petter Amdam, Bjørn Hennestad, Jon Erland Lervik and Sølvi Nilsen

The article is inspired by a paradox: why do MNEs like standardised leadership tools when everybody argues that the world is becoming more complex? Based on this paradox the…

1426

Abstract

The article is inspired by a paradox: why do MNEs like standardised leadership tools when everybody argues that the world is becoming more complex? Based on this paradox the article raises the question: under what conditions will standardisation of a leadership tool be most useful to an MNE? Previous literature suggests that standardisation of a leadership tool may have control and learning benefits, and the article explores these effects looking at external and internal contexts of MNE subsidiaries. The paper is conceptual, but draws also on examples from a case study within a Norwegian MNE. The article argues that external complexity diminishes the usefulness of standardisation to an MNE. Internal fit of the tool with other tools will increase benefits of standardisation, the article argues, whereas managerial autonomy is associated with higher subsidiary learning effects, but lower synergy and control effects.

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Journal of European Industrial Training, vol. 26 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0309-0590

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Article
Publication date: 22 May 2007

Trude Johansen

The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate literature on subsidiary learning, and to trace the main logics and conventional opinions in international business. A secondary…

1055

Abstract

Purpose

The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate literature on subsidiary learning, and to trace the main logics and conventional opinions in international business. A secondary purpose is to evaluate the fit, suitability and applicability to this topic.

Design/methodology/approach

A literature review on subsidiary learning and knowledge transfer in International Business and Economic Geography was conducted following an explorative design. Through a survey of articles on subsidiary learning sources, barriers, and the required mechanisms were identified. Some underlying theoretical contributions were also surveyed to better capture core constructs.

Findings

Motivation, knowledge, absorptive capacity, and role of the subsidiary influence on learning, and the more embedded the subsidiary the better for performance. Furthermore, more advanced economies are expected to create more valuable knowledge, and knowledge flows therefore from advanced to transition economies. The more value‐chain activities that are carried out, a greater flow of knowledge flow is expected. Not much research is conducted on the value of the knowledge flows. Subsidiary learning is not studied in transition economies by economic geographers, or international business researchers. Subsidiary learning is not studied in transition economies by economic geographers, or international business researchers.

Research limitations/implications

Little knowledge exists on knowledge flows from subsidiaries in transition economies, to multinational corporation (MNC') entities in developed economies. Mapping of ongoing relations through the lenses of business networks may be one viable way to capture evolution and change in the role of subsidiaries, or it could be mapped through analysis of evolution and change in the routines between dyads in the MNC.

Practical implications

MNCs may overlook learning opportunities due to biases in literature. Knowledge management and formal and informal integrative mechanisms for knowledge transfer may be as important in transition – as in developed economies. As Western firms continue to offshore critical activities to transition economies, they should explore the learning opportunities for organisational learning and improved strategic performance.

Originality/value

The value of this paper lies in questioning the conventional knowledge on learning and knowledge transfer which is most often researched in developed economies.

Details

Baltic Journal of Management, vol. 2 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1746-5265

Keywords

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Article
Publication date: 22 May 2007

Zsolt Bedő and Barnabás Ács

The purpose of this paper is to assess the relationship between ownership structure and company performance of public companies. The central tenet of the analysis is that…

1596

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to assess the relationship between ownership structure and company performance of public companies. The central tenet of the analysis is that separation of ownership and control has an adverse effect on the value of the firm, as information asymmetry between owners and managers is exploited by management.

Design/methodology/approach

A cross sectional regression is conducted using data on 669 companies, which were members of the S&P 500, BUX (Hungary), WIG (Poland), SBI (Slovenia), PX (Czech) indexes in the third quarter of 2005. Owners with at least 5 percent share ownership are collected from Reuters and Business and Company Resource Center databases.

Findings

Results for CEE companies are in line with that of Earle et al. and also support Zwiebel's “space creation” concept. The negative effect of multiple shareholdings is due to collective action problems instead of alternative explanations such as manager repression. Companies in the CEE region have rather concentrated ownership, which implies that at least there is one blockholder with dominant stake allowing him to influence corporate decision making. The contribution to management control of the next largest blockholder generates tension between the two causing costs that exceed the benefits of control. Interestingly, enough in case of institutional investors as largest blockholders the formerly positive effect on performance became negative. This is in contradiction with the popular literature that emphasizes the beneficent role of institutional investors. Results for the US firms also show that dominant blockholders “create their own space” in another word when the ownership stake of the largest blockholder exceeds 10 percent the contribution of smaller owners to the monitoring and control of management is negative. This implies that even though the dominant blockholder is much smaller in size relative to the one in the CEE sample its willingness to cooperate is low. On the other hand, when the largest blockholder is not dominant the coalition of blockholders is able to create value by efficient monitoring. Institutional investor as dominant blockholder further enhances the efficiency of control, while decreases it when coalition consists solely from institutional investors.

Originality/value

The definition of ownership concentration outlined by Zwiebel is applied. To assess the effect of coalition of blockholders on company performance the concept determined by Earle et al. is used. Their notion is extended by differentiating between blockholder identity and the homogeneity of blockholder coalition, in order to scrutinize the consequence of shareholder activism.

Details

Baltic Journal of Management, vol. 2 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1746-5265

Keywords

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Article
Publication date: 22 May 2007

Zydziunaite Vilma and Katiliute Egle

The study aims to explore the experiences of nursing personnel in private health care organizations in Lithuania, in terms of their work motivation and satisfaction, promotion and…

3981

Abstract

Purpose

The study aims to explore the experiences of nursing personnel in private health care organizations in Lithuania, in terms of their work motivation and satisfaction, promotion and quitting the job, interpersonal interaction at work and to identify areas for sustainable improvement to the health care services they provide.

Design/methodology/approach

The research problem includes the following questions. What is the attitude of nursing personnel to the existing elements of motivation in private health care organizations? What organizational tools should be developed in order to improve the motivation of nursing personnel? The sample consists of 237 registered nurses practitioners and 30 nurses' managers working in private health care sector. Methods: data selection: questioning survey; data analysis: descriptive statistics, correlation and factor analysis (using SPSS for Windows 12.0). The research instrument involves 99 closed‐ended items divided into 11 evaluation blocks; Cronbach α of every part ranges from 0.68 to 0.85.

Findings

Results showed no statistical differences among nurse practitioners and executives of what motivates them in private health care organization as workplace and illuminated factors that decrease and increase motivation among nurses. Motivation decreases, when nurses are not empowered not autonomous in activity; nurses' competencies (specific professional and general) are not applied in full value, e.g. managerial, educational, social‐psychological, clinical/expertise; decisions are not made collectively; in organization does not exist mechanism of information‐sharing; meetings of personnel are not prepared methodically. Motivation increases when the nurses collaborate with physicians by parity; nursing profession is respected and recognized as autonomous and valued by themselves and other health care specialists; the interpersonal communication is effective and conflicts are solved constructively.

Research limitations/implications

A major weakness is that the characteristics of the present sample may limit the generalizability of the results. The major implication is that the paper supports the prediction for characteristics of motivation among health care workers in private health care organizations with perspective of nursing personnel.

Originality/value

The paper examines in a private health care sector the factors that increase and/or decrease the motivation of nursing personnel.

Details

Baltic Journal of Management, vol. 2 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1746-5265

Keywords

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Article
Publication date: 22 May 2007

Sami Basly

Owing to its specificities, the family small and medium enterprise (SME) shows a particular behavior as for the creation, development, sharing, protection and transmission of…

5118

Abstract

Purpose

Owing to its specificities, the family small and medium enterprise (SME) shows a particular behavior as for the creation, development, sharing, protection and transmission of knowledge. The purpose of this paper is to study the specificities of the processes of knowledge creation and development in family firms.

Design/methodology/approach

Through a questionnaire, hypotheses of the model were tested. The study is based on 118 firms belonging to various industries. After evaluating the reliability and validity of the items through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, the model was tested through structural equation modeling (LISREL).

Findings

The model retained induces the following conclusions. Internationalization knowledge positively influences internationalization degree of the firm. The conservatism of family SME does not directly influence the level of internationalization knowledge. The influence of conservatism on internationalization knowledge is exerted only through the decisional dimension of independence orientation. The independence orientation of family SME, then with its two dimensions simultaneously (decisional and resource independence), does not significantly influence internationalization knowledge. Contrary to decisional independence which influences indirectly the degree of internationalization (through the intermediation of internationalization knowledge), resource independence influences directly the dependant variable. The mediation of internationalization knowledge is thus not totally proven. Social networking positively influences the amount of internationalization knowledge.

Research limitations/implications

A major weakness is the absence of a synchronic approach as the dependent and independent variables are measured at the same moment. A more longitudinal approach would be valuable to analyze the causal relationships between the independent variables and internationalization knowledge and internationalization degree. A second limitation is that the characteristics of the sample may limit the generalizability of the results.

Originality/value

To the author's knowledge, the paper is the first of its kind to examine the knowledge‐based processes in family businesses.

Details

Baltic Journal of Management, vol. 2 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1746-5265

Keywords

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