Jane Kelly Barbosa de Almeida, Rodrigo Sampaio Lopes and Marcele Elisa Fontana
This paper proposes a framework to assist in managing predictive maintenance by detecting progressive surface wear on spur gears through the analysis of digital images of gear…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper proposes a framework to assist in managing predictive maintenance by detecting progressive surface wear on spur gears through the analysis of digital images of gear teeth using computer vision (CV) techniques.
Design/methodology/approach
An experimental setup was constructed to capture images of gear teeth using endoscopic cameras. The images were selected, pre-processed, stored in a database and used in the experimental study of the proposed framework. Three CV techniques were explored within the framework for detecting wear in spur gears: (1) edge detection; (2) gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) combined with machine learning (ML) algorithms and (3) deep learning with convolutional neural networks (CNN).
Findings
The results showed 85% accuracy using the edge detection algorithm. Among the ML algorithms, accuracy was above 60% for the support vector machine (SVM) and above 70% for K-nearest neighbors (KNN). Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that as the distance between the principal components increased, it characterized the formation and progression of surface wear on the gear teeth. With the CNN, an accuracy of 99.999981% was achieved in the training loss rate, with a classification accuracy rate (CAR) of 91.6666%, an F1 score of 90.9090% and a recall of 83.3334% during the testing phase.
Practical implications
This framework is applicable to a variety of gear systems and industrial contexts requiring predictive maintenance, making it a highly scalable solution for industry professionals.
Originality/value
This paper proposes a novel framework that considers various CV techniques to detect and assess the level of wear on spur gear surfaces. Moreover, the results provide guidelines for selecting the most appropriate method for detecting wear in gear systems.
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Iza Gigauri, Simona-Andreea Apostu and Catalin Popescu
The expansion of new technologies has induced the digital revolution and paved the way for an innovation-based economy. Digitalization, while blurring real and virtual…
Abstract
The expansion of new technologies has induced the digital revolution and paved the way for an innovation-based economy. Digitalization, while blurring real and virtual environments, acts as an incentive for innovation and has been regarded as a tool to tackle the crisis. Its particular acceleration was caused by the lockdown regulations due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Social entrepreneurship searches for innovative methods, tools and models to solve pressing social problems. The concept suggests applying business models for implementing social missions. Revenue generated from commercial activities is spent to solve social challenges caused by market imperfection, government inefficiency, disasters, pandemics, wars and economic crises. Advancing technologies, on the one hand, present opportunities for social enterprises and, on the other hand, involve risks to employment, data protection, transformed business model and strategies and changes in society's lifestyle and impose costly digital technologies to be adopted. Social entrepreneurs can create social value by using digital technologies that allow them to reach remote customers, investors or beneficiaries overcoming geographical boundaries or time differences. Yet digitalization can pose a threat to existing jobs as they become redundant; it transforms them or gives rise to new jobs while demanding technological skills and digital literacy. Moreover, enhanced digitalization and effective governmental actions set the stage for the decline of social business. The chapter explores the influence of digitalization on social entrepreneurship and discusses the potential of digital transformation for social enterprises. It examines the risks and opportunities that bring accelerated digitalization to social entrepreneurship.
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Débora Regina Schneider Locatelli, Marco Antonio Pinheiro da Silveira and Paulo Mourão
This paper aims to focus on Brazilian business fairs primarily attended by metalworking companies.
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to focus on Brazilian business fairs primarily attended by metalworking companies.
Design/methodology/approach
Using a qualitative and exploratory approach, data were collected through semi-structured interviews answered by exhibitor companies from two of the most relevant Brazilian states in this industrial sector: Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul.
Findings
The results recognize the four pillars of the interorganizational relationship developed among exhibitors at business fairs and launch serious implications for the effective development of business fairs as spaces of interorganizational relationship and of value creation.
Originality/value
This is the first study discussing the trade fairs of the Brazilian emerging industry related to the metal-mechanic sector of two of the most significant states in the country: Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina.
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Rodrigo Helleis, Guilherme Arielo Rodrigues Maia, Eryza Guimarães de Castro, Larissa Oliveira Berbel, Isolda Costa and Everson do Prado Banczek
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the protection against corrosion of carbon steel SAE 1020 promoted by a niobium- and titanium-based coating produced from a resin obtained…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the protection against corrosion of carbon steel SAE 1020 promoted by a niobium- and titanium-based coating produced from a resin obtained by the Pechini method.
Design/methodology/approach
A resin was prepared with ammonium niobium oxalate as niobium precursor and K2TiF6 as titanium precursor. Carbon Steel SAE 1020 plates were dip coated in the resin and calcinated for 1 h at 600 ºC. Scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction were used to characterize the coating morphologically and structurally. Open circuit potential, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, anodic potentiodynamic polarization and scanning vibrating electrode technique were used to evaluate the corrosion protection of the coating.
Findings
The electrochemical analyses evidence slight protection against corrosion of the coating by itself; however, the needle-like crystal structure obtained may potentially provide a good anchorage site, suggesting the coating could be used as a pretreatment that may present similar application to phosphating processes, generating lower environmental impacts.
Originality/value
Due to increasingly restrictive environmental laws, new environmentally friendlier surface treatments must be researched. This paper approaches this matter using a combination of niobium- and titanium-based coating, produced by a cleaner process, the Pechini method.
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Eugénia Pedro, João Leitão and Helena Alves
For better mapping the path of intellectual capital (IC) research, the purpose of this paper is to selectively review empirical studies of IC published, and identify theories…
Abstract
Purpose
For better mapping the path of intellectual capital (IC) research, the purpose of this paper is to selectively review empirical studies of IC published, and identify theories, components and three dimensions of analysis: national IC (NIC), regional IC (RIC) and organizational IC (OIC).
Design/methodology/approach
The systematic literature review (SLR) subject to analysis is based on empirical studies made between 1960 and 2016, and focuses on three dimensions of analysis: NIC, RIC and OIC. Four research questions were designed, using the following databases, namely, Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar, for data collection purposes.
Findings
The SLR unveils a multidimensional taxonomy for measuring and classifying the type of IC applicable to the different levels of analysis and provides some recommendations for future studies of NIC, RIC and OIC, by outlining the need for clear definitions of components and measures of IC and identifying strengths, limitations and future research avenues.
Originality/value
In order to fill the gap found in the literature and the non-existence of a study clarifying the multiple dimensions of analysis of IC, this SLR makes a twofold, original contribution to the literature on management: providing an SLR of the main empirical studies dealing with different units of analysis; and identifying a multidimensional taxonomy for measuring and classifying the type of IC applicable to the different levels of analysis.