J. Donald Weinrauch, Marilyn Stephens‐Friesen and Rodney L. Carlson
Approximately one million manufacturers’ representatives exist in the USA and their training needs are deserving of research attention. They are typically associated with small…
Abstract
Approximately one million manufacturers’ representatives exist in the USA and their training needs are deserving of research attention. They are typically associated with small agency firms that have limited resources to arrange in‐house sales training – especially for new sales personnel. Thus, an industry‐wide survey was done to identify perceived training needs and potential demand for this program. These results provided guidance for creating an industry‐based sales training program that emphasizes personal selling and marketing skills as well as professional aspects of the job. These results also showed that agency size, program cost, and certification were important factors in demand.
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ANN WEAVER HART and RODNEY T. OGAWA
It is often assumed that administrators exert an influence on the performance of their organizational units. While there is mounting evidence regarding the influence exerted by…
Abstract
It is often assumed that administrators exert an influence on the performance of their organizational units. While there is mounting evidence regarding the influence exerted by principals on the academic performance of schools, little attention has been paid to examining the influence exerted by superintendents on the academic performance of school districts. In this study, a sample of California school districts was employed to estimate the influence of superintendents, controlling for environmental and district factors, on the performance of sixth and twelfth grade students on the mathematics and reading sections of the standardized achievement test of the California Assessment Program. An analysis of the components of variation was conducted to determine the relative percent of variance attributable to environmental and district factors and to superintendents. It was found that superintendents exerted a small influence on the academic performance of school districts. Further, it was found that superintendents had a relatively greater influence on sixth grade test scores than they had on twelfth grade test scores.
Ben Brown and Wm Reed Benedict
This research updates and expands upon Decker’s article “Citizen attitudes toward the police: a review of past findings and suggestions for future policy” by summarizing the…
Abstract
This research updates and expands upon Decker’s article “Citizen attitudes toward the police: a review of past findings and suggestions for future policy” by summarizing the findings from more than 100 articles on perceptions of and attitudes toward the police. Initially, the value of research on attitudes toward the police is discussed. Then the research pertaining to the impact of individual level variables (e.g. race) and contextual level variables (e.g. neighborhood) on perceptions of the police is reviewed. Studies of juveniles’ attitudes toward the police, perceptions of police policies and practices, methodological issues and conceptual issues are also discussed. This review of the literature indicates that only four variables (age, contact with police, neighborhood, and race) have consistently been proven to affect attitudes toward the police. However, there are interactive effects between these and other variables which are not yet understood; a finding which indicates that theoretical generalizations about attitudes toward police should be made with caution.
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This study investigates the consequences of anthropogenic disturbance caused by dolphin-watching boats on the local spinner dolphin population in Lovina, Bali. It proposes…
Abstract
Purpose
This study investigates the consequences of anthropogenic disturbance caused by dolphin-watching boats on the local spinner dolphin population in Lovina, Bali. It proposes recommendations for developing sustainable destination practices that influence boatmen and tourists to minimise the negative impacts of tourism activities on the dolphins.
Design/methodology/approach
Data was collected on boat-dolphin distances, boatmen's behaviour, dolphin behaviour, and underwater noise levels using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and a hydrophone. The triple-bottom-line framework was applied to analyse the findings and propose recommendations for developing sustainable destination practices.
Findings
The study reveals a consistent breach of national and international guidelines, with boats approaching dolphins at distances well below the recommended minimum. Undesirable boatmen’s behaviours and signs of distress and avoidance in dolphins were frequently observed. The findings highlight the need for stakeholders to develop and implement sustainable practices that influence boatmen and tourists to minimise their impact on the dolphins.
Originality/value
This study provides novel insights into the anthropogenic disturbance caused by dolphin-watching boats in Lovina, Bali. It proposes actionable recommendations for developing sustainable destination practices that influence boatmen and tourists. It contributes to the growing body of knowledge on sustainable wildlife tourism management.
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Lei Xie, Soo Jeoung Han, Michael Beyerlein, Jiacheng Lu, Lillian Vukin and Rodney Boehm
This paper aims to conduct two studies to investigate shared leadership and team creativity (TC) in leaderless short-term project teams (STPTs).
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to conduct two studies to investigate shared leadership and team creativity (TC) in leaderless short-term project teams (STPTs).
Design/methodology/approach
To answer the research question, this paper used a multi-level mixed-methods design. This paper analyzed video recordings, transcripts of STPTs’ collaboration and self-report surveys from an international engineering competition. In Study 1, this paper attempted to connect relation-oriented shared leadership (ROSL) and task-oriented shared leadership (TOSL) with TC by coding video recordings. In Study 2, this paper further investigated the proposed positive relationship between shared leadership and TC by surveying a sample of 166 students in 51 teams.
Findings
In Study 1, this paper found that shared leadership covaries with TC following a similar behavioral pattern. In Study 2, multi-level structural equation modeling results suggested that both TOSL and ROSL are positively correlated with TC.
Originality/value
In this mixed-methods multi-level research, this paper found that when the team’s shared leadership increases, their TC activity becomes frequent. This paper confirmed the qualitative finding by quantitatively investigated the relationship between shared leadership and creativity at the team level.
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Brad D. Carlson, D. Todd Donavan and Kevin J. Cumiskey
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationships between the brand personality of a sports team and the related consumer outcomes of identification and retail…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationships between the brand personality of a sports team and the related consumer outcomes of identification and retail spending.
Design/methodology/approach
A field study was conducted with games watched and retail spending as outcomes. Structural equation modeling was used to explore the relationships among constructs.
Findings
The two brand personality dimensions of wholesomeness and successfulness are mediated through prestige to predict the consumer's identification with the team. The two brand personality dimensions of imaginativeness and toughness positively influence identification with the team while successfulness has a negative influence on identification with the team. Once a consumer identifies with the team quasi‐brand, retail spending and viewership increase.
Practical implications
Sports teams can utilise information gleaned from this study to better promote an attractive image, thereby increasing the number of games watched and retail spending.
Originality/value
This paper presents an original twist on personality research by looking at the influence of the brand personality of an intangible sport brand on consumer identification and retail spending.
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School library media specialists (SLMSs) often struggle with assuming leadership roles. Discrepancies existed in perceptions of SLMSs of their leadership preparedness, their…
Abstract
School library media specialists (SLMSs) often struggle with assuming leadership roles. Discrepancies existed in perceptions of SLMSs of their leadership preparedness, their opportunities to exert leadership, and their assumption of leadership roles. The purpose of this quantitative study was to explore the perceptions of SLMSs regarding their instructional leadership and to examine the extent to which they practiced instructional leadership. The study was designed to determine whether there were differences between SLMSs perceptions of the importance of their leadership roles and their opportunities to practice those roles. The results of the study indicated that SLMSs perceived all of the leadership roles to be more important than they were able to carry out in practice and that supportive administrators were the most essential factor in providing SLMSs the opportunity to practice and expand their roles as instructional leaders.
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Yong Ju Jung, Soo Hyeon Kim and Gi Woong Choi
The purpose of this paper is to revisit previous design principles and guidelines for online makerspaces in public libraries (Kim et al., 2020) and expand the design principles…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to revisit previous design principles and guidelines for online makerspaces in public libraries (Kim et al., 2020) and expand the design principles with more updated implications and examples from the literature published during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors reviewed recently published papers about online transitions of makerspaces, especially during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, summarized their implications and deduced applicable design principles and guidelines.
Findings
This paper proposes updated design principles and guidelines based on four key areas: Program and service design; Tools and materials; Facilitation; and Logistic support. These updated design principles considered a wider range of patrons that public library makerspaces may serve, the digital divide issues and logistic concerns that should be addressed beyond the scope of a single makerspace.
Originality/value
This paper compiles various lessons learned and strategies regarding online makerspaces and maker programming for public libraries and provides helpful design principles and guidelines for the continued use of online components for makerspace services and programs.