The amount of debt taken into a company's financial structure is one of the key financial decisions. When too much debt is taken on board, the company is risking technical…
Abstract
The amount of debt taken into a company's financial structure is one of the key financial decisions. When too much debt is taken on board, the company is risking technical bankruptcy if the company's cash inflow falls below the minimum level predicted. If too little debt is taken on, the company's cost of capital becomes unduly high compared with its competitors since it has failed to take advantage of the tax benefit from debt financing. The company's investment programme is impaired and the value of its equity falls on the stock exchange. This scenario might be described as the “conventional wisdom” of debt financing.
The amount of debt taken into a company's financial structure is one of the key financial decisions. When too much debt is taken on board, the company is risking technical…
Abstract
The amount of debt taken into a company's financial structure is one of the key financial decisions. When too much debt is taken on board, the company is risking technical bankruptcy if the company's cash inflow falls below the minimum level predicted. If too little debt is taken on, the company's cost of capital becomes unduly high compared with its competitors since it has failed to take advantage of the tax benefit from debt financing. The company's investment programme is impaired and the value of its equity falls on the stock exchange. This scenario might be described as the “conventional wisdom” of debt financing.
Drawing on accounts from 22 lesbian couples with children conceived using donor insemination, this chapter explores how the respondents’ selection of parent terms, such as “momma”…
Abstract
Drawing on accounts from 22 lesbian couples with children conceived using donor insemination, this chapter explores how the respondents’ selection of parent terms, such as “momma” and “mommy,” influences day-to-day negotiation of parenthood. Term selection was affected by personal meanings respondents associated with terms as well as how they anticipated terms would be publicly received. Couples utilized personalized meanings associated with terms, such as terms used by families of origin or reflected in a parent’s cultural background, to help non-biological mothers feel comfortable and secure in their parenting identities. Some families also avoided terms that non-biological mothers associated too strongly with biological motherhood and felt uncomfortable using for themselves. Families also considered whether parent terms, and subsequently their relationships to their children, would be recognizable to strangers or cause undue scrutiny to their family. However, not all of the families selected terms that were easily decipherable by strangers and had to negotiate moments in which the personal meanings and public legibility of terms came into conflict. Overall, these accounts illustrate the importance of parent terms for lesbian-parent families, and other nontraditional families, as a family practice negotiating both deeply personal meanings surrounding parent–child relationships and how these terms, and the families, are normatively recognizable in public spaces.
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The ‘Health and Safety at Work Act (1974)’ has always seemed to have important industrial relations implications. The Act was greatly influenced by the Robins Report which had…
Abstract
The ‘Health and Safety at Work Act (1974)’ has always seemed to have important industrial relations implications. The Act was greatly influenced by the Robins Report which had stressed the need for greater voluntary regulation at the operational level. Substantively, the Act followed the Robins philosophy in the provision of the very important general duties of employers in section two. These duties, whilst comprehensive, were necessarily expressed in terms of relative standards, which need interpretation in particular workplaces. Although it was intended that codes of practice would be provided to facilitate this, the Act also followed Robins procedurally in providing for the appointment of employee safety representatives to participate in such interpretations. An amendment to the Act at the behest of the TUC provided that the legal rights and privileges of safety representatives be confined to those appointed by recognised independent trade unions. The passage of the regulations on safety representation are therefore a further stage in the formal development of trade union involvement in the control of health and safety at work. The purpose of this article is to assess the industrial relations implications of such safety representation.
Evgeny Shavelzon and Dan Givoli
The interaction of a global model (GM) and a local (regional) model (LM) of heat flow is considered under the framework of so‐called “one‐way nesting”. In this framework, the GM…
Abstract
Purpose
The interaction of a global model (GM) and a local (regional) model (LM) of heat flow is considered under the framework of so‐called “one‐way nesting”. In this framework, the GM is constructed in a large domain with coarse discretization in space and time, while the LM is set in a small subdomain with fine discretization.
Design/methodology/approach
The GM is solved first, and its results are then used via some boundary transfer operator (BTO) on the GM–LM interface in order to solve the LM. Past experience in various fields of application has shown that one has to be careful in the choice of BTO to be used on the GM–LM interface, since this choice affects both the stability and accuracy of the computational scheme. Here the problem is first theoretically analyzed for the linear heat equation, and stable BTOs are identified. Then numerical experiments are performed with one‐way nesting in a two‐dimensional channel for heat flow with and without radiation emission and linear reaction, using four different BTOs.
Findings
Among other conclusions, it is shown that the “negative Robin” BTO is unstable, whereas the Dirichlet, Neumann and “positive Robin” BTO are all stable. It is also shown that in terms of accuracy, the Neumann and “positive Robin” BTOs should be preferred over the Dirichlet BTO.
Originality/value
This study may be the first step in analyzing BTO accuracy and stability for more general atmospheric systems.
Galit Meisler, Eran Vigoda-Gadot and Amos Drory
This chapter builds on previous research that conceptualized organizational politics as an organizational stressor. After reviewing the studies that integrated the occupational…
Abstract
This chapter builds on previous research that conceptualized organizational politics as an organizational stressor. After reviewing the studies that integrated the occupational stress literature with the organizational politics literature, it discusses the negative implications of the use of intimidation and pressure by supervisors, implications that have generally been overlooked. Specifically, the chapter presents a conceptual model positing that the use of intimidation and pressure by supervisors creates stress in their subordinates. This stress, in turn, affects subordinates’ well-being, evident in higher levels of job dissatisfaction, job burnout, and turnover intentions. The stress also reduces the effectiveness of the organization, reflected in a high absenteeism rate, poorer task performance, and a decline in organizational citizenship behavior. The model also maintains that individual differences in emotional intelligence and political skill mitigate the stress experienced by subordinates, resulting from the use of intimidation and pressure by their supervisors. In acknowledging the destructive implications of such behavior in terms of employees’ well-being and the productivity of the organization, the chapter raises doubts about the wisdom of using it, and advises supervisors to rethink its use as a motivational tool. Implications of this chapter, as well as future research directions, are discussed.
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Compiled by K.G.B. Bakewell covering the following journals published by MCB University Press: Facilities Volumes 8‐18; Journal of Property Investment & Finance Volumes 8‐18;…
Abstract
Compiled by K.G.B. Bakewell covering the following journals published by MCB University Press: Facilities Volumes 8‐18; Journal of Property Investment & Finance Volumes 8‐18; Property Management Volumes 8‐18; Structural Survey Volumes 8‐18.
Index by subjects, compiled by K.G.B. Bakewell covering the following journals: Facilities Volumes 8‐18; Journal of Property Investment & Finance Volumes 8‐18; Property Management…
Abstract
Index by subjects, compiled by K.G.B. Bakewell covering the following journals: Facilities Volumes 8‐18; Journal of Property Investment & Finance Volumes 8‐18; Property Management Volumes 8‐18; Structural Survey Volumes 8‐18.
Compiled by K.G.B. Bakewell covering the following journals published by MCB University Press: Facilities Volumes 8‐18; Journal of Property Investment & Finance Volumes 8‐18;…
Abstract
Compiled by K.G.B. Bakewell covering the following journals published by MCB University Press: Facilities Volumes 8‐18; Journal of Property Investment & Finance Volumes 8‐18; Property Management Volumes 8‐18; Structural Survey Volumes 8‐18.