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The purpose of this paper is to examine the outcome of psychodynamic psychotherapy for people with intellectual disabilities (ID), which has a limited but supportive evidence base.

The study is a systematic open trial of flexible-length psychodynamic therapy offered in an urban community to 30 people with mild and moderate ID, presenting with significant emotional distress on the Psychological Therapies Outcome Scale for people with intellectual disabilities (PTOS-ID). Allocation to therapy was made according to an established stepped care approach according to need, and the mean number of sessions was 22.03 (range 7–47). Treatment fidelity was checked via notes review and cases excluded from analysis where there were other significant psychological interventions.

On both self-report (PTOS-ID) and independent ratings (Health of the Nation Outcome Scales-Learning Disability (HoNOS-LD)) recipients of therapy: did not improve while waiting for therapy; improved significantly during therapy, with large pre–post effect sizes; and retained improvements at six-month follow-up.

While it is important to conduct further controlled trials, the findings provide support for previous studies. High rates of abuse and neglect were found in the sample, suggesting that more trauma-informed and relational approaches should be explored for this client group.

No other study of this size has been completed which used dedicated standardised outcome measures, with this therapy type, with both waiting list and follow-up control and with account of model fidelity.

“All things are in a constant state of change”, said Heraclitus of Ephesus. The waters if a river are for ever changing yet the river endures. Every particle of matter is in continual movement. All death is birth in a new form, all birth the death of the previous form. The seasons come and go. The myth of our own John Barleycorn, buried in the ground, yet resurrected in the Spring, has close parallels with the fertility rites of Greece and the Near East such as those of Hyacinthas, Hylas, Adonis and Dionysus, of Osiris the Egyptian deity, and Mondamin the Red Indian maize‐god. Indeed, the ritual and myth of Attis, born of a virgin, killed and resurrected on the third day, undoubtedly had a strong influence on Christianity.

This paper aims to provide a review of the most recent literature concerning document supply and related matters.

The approach is based on the reading of over 150 journals as well as monographs, reports and websites.

The ups and downs of document supply activity are noted this quarter. Clearly there is still great potential in the lending of returnables and for excellent services backed up by good marketing. The scholarly communication system comes under intense scrutiny in the literature. Technological change is perceived to be accelerating but the hybrid library will always be present. Open access continues to develop rapidly but its direction and potential continue to divide the profession. Increasing concerns continue to be expressed about the monopolistic implications of Google and there are some stout counter‐arguments. All now depends on the legal judgment to be made in the Autumn.

The paper is a useful source of information for librarians and others interested in document supply and related matters.

It is an ill wind that blows nobody good, and the British public may be congratulated on the salutary, if rude, awakening which the gale raised in Chicago has given them. Peacefully slumbering, and content for years to accept as gospel truths the asseverations of all sorts and conditions of food‐fakers, both of home and foreign growth, the “Britisher” has suddenly received a shock from which it will take him a long time to recover. The abominable crime of milk‐adulteration—striking as it does at helpless infancy and at the vitality of the infirm and the weak; the “doctoring” of food products with a variety of pernicious drugs on the pleas of “preservation” and of meeting “public wants,” but in reality done for the sake of sordid gain; the gigantic meat and butter frauds, whereby largely the agricultural interest of this country has been brought to its present pass; the faking of beer and the wholesale arsenical poisoning which was one of its direct consequences; the denaturing of other foods by abstraction, substitution, and sophistication—all these things have been regarded by the “man in the street” with a sort of languid interest; have, at most, called forth passing comment from the lay press, and cheap sneers about faddery and faddists from various ignorant scribblers; while a succession of lethargic and feeble administrations have shelved the reports of their own Committees and Commissions, and, except under rare and abnormal pressure, have been content to adopt a policy of laissez faire.

THE question of the advisability of exercising a censorship over literature has been much before the public of late, and probably many librarians have realised how closely the disputed question affects their own profession.

For half a century, psychologist Albert Bandura has worked to advance a cognitive interactional model of human functioning that emphasizes the role of cognitive and symbolic representations as central processes in human adaptation and change. In his seminal 1977 publication, Bandura emphasized that these representations – visualized actions and outcomes stemming from reflective thought – form the basis from which individuals assess their personal efficacy. An efficacy belief, he contended, is the “conviction that one can successfully execute the behavior required to produce the outcomes” one desires (p. 193). Efficacy beliefs serve as the primary means by which people are able to exercise a measure of control over their lives. During the next two decades, Bandura (1986, 1997) advanced his social cognitive theory, in which people are viewed as self-organizing, proactive, self-reflecting, and self-regulating rather than as solely reactive organisms, products of environmental or concealed inner influences. From this agentic perspective, people are seen as contributors to their life circumstances, not just recipients of them. In this way, people are “partial architects of their own destinies” (Bandura, 1997, p. 8).

The purpose of this paper is to provide an exposition of the concepts relevant to measuring the economic effect of premature mortality and the conception of how the social loss from premature mortality can be incorporated into social welfare measurement. None of the conventional welfare measures currently pick up this welfare signal.

Various concepts are examined in the conventional and “new” literatures of welfare measurement. Six Venn diagrams show how various concepts “fit together”.

This paper outlines a framework for measuring the economic effect of premature mortality in a conceptually appropriate way. Thus the paper shows how the welfare loss associated with premature mortality can be incorporated into social welfare measurement.

Accurate premature mortality measurement is difficult but this data problem hardly limits this exercise. Sensitivity analyses can alleviate this measurement problem.

The main practical implication is that empirical applications are feasible. Time series data can be analysed from this conceptual framework to determine whether the problem of the social loss from premature mortality is improving through time, or worsening.

Knowing the size of the welfare impact of premature mortality is useful not only on policy fronts concerning premature mortality prevention.

“New welfare measurement” has not yet been applied to the notion of the social loss from premature mortality.

1. Eshbach, Ovid W. and Mott Souders (eds.). Handbook of Engineering Fundamentals, 3rd edition. New York, John Wiley and Sons, 1975. 1562p. $24.95. Engineering handbooks are notorious for the excessively long periods of time it takes for them to come out as revised editions. Periods of anywhere from ten to twenty years can be expected for a revision process and which, unfortunately, appears to be more of the rule than the exception. This 3rd edition of the Handbook of Engineering Fundamentals is welcome for it has been more than twenty years since the publication of the 2nd edition, and has been very much overdue for revision.