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A structural model was proposed and tested concerning the impact of background and psycho‐social variables on high school seniors’ (N = 2,731) reported substance use and educational outcomes. The findings indicated that interpersonal variables (e.g., school adjustment, delinquency, relationships with parents and community) primarily affected reported substance use. Intrapersonal variables (e.g., self‐concept, attitudes toward school), however, were unrelated to substance use. Moreover, background, psycho‐social variables and substance use were also related to a variety of student perceptions about their educational experiences and future aspirations. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for school personnel working with high school students.