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Article
Publication date: 1 March 1987

Robert A. Gordon

Means, medians and SD for available socio‐economic status (SES) black‐white differences are here substituted for those of IQ in a between‐groups model published by the author over…

283

Abstract

Means, medians and SD for available socio‐economic status (SES) black‐white differences are here substituted for those of IQ in a between‐groups model published by the author over a decade ago. The goodness of fit of the SES variables used is compared with that for the earlier IQ data. Even when SES variables are relatively successful this can be viewed as additional evidence of the importance of IQ differences to black‐white differences in delinquency.

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International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, vol. 7 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0144-333X

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Article
Publication date: 1 April 1989

J. Michael Bailey

In an earlier issue of this journal (Vol.7, 1987, pp. 30–96) Gordon presented a model based on IQ which, he claimed, explains black‐white differences in rates of juvenile…

54

Abstract

In an earlier issue of this journal (Vol.7, 1987, pp. 30–96) Gordon presented a model based on IQ which, he claimed, explains black‐white differences in rates of juvenile delinquency. The explanations involved the demonstration that prevelance rates of juvenile delinquency satisfys a property which Gordon termed “commensurability” with IQ (IQ‐commensurability). Furthermore, he argued that similar models based on SES or education are unsatisfactory because these variables fail the test of commensurability with respect to delinquency rates. Largely on the basis of these analyses, he concluded that the black‐white difference in IQ is much more credible than the difference in either education or SES as an important cause of race differences in delinquency. The purpose here is to show that the property of IQ‐commensurability is largely irrelevant to any reasonable explanation of the race difference in delinquency rates. Furthermore, IQ‐commensurability can be partially explained by an existing model which is highly plausible, has demonstrated construct validity, and can be viewed as a logical extension of Gordon's own model.

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International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, vol. 9 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0144-333X

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Article
Publication date: 1 March 1999

Carolyn Maniukiewicz, Sarah Williams and William Keogh

The delivery of assistance to SMEs, provided by enterprise councils at the local level, can vary between those bodies which are innovative and those which are pedestrian in their…

1100

Abstract

The delivery of assistance to SMEs, provided by enterprise councils at the local level, can vary between those bodies which are innovative and those which are pedestrian in their approach. Although it is generally accepted that most small firms in the UK sell to local markets, SMEs based within the Aberdeen area of Scotland play an important role in exporting and employment. The potential for birth and growth of firms exists in a number of targeted key sectors which aid the economic development of the Aberdeen area. However, assistance is required to bring people together in order to encourage networking, and this paper seeks to explore the process of facilitating an enterprise culture by examining the collaboration and partnership roles played by a LEC and a university in initiatives which foster enterprise. The relationship of the researchers and practitioners is similar to the model outlined by Oakey and Mukhtar where research and practice are used to inform each other, over time, to identify policy needs. The initiatives examined in this paper are the Entrepreneurs’ Club where established entrepreneurs mix with others at the new venture stage, and the Chrysalis Elite programme which links graduates with existing owner managers, creating a work‐based project involving groups of students. These links extend to the wider business community and organisations, including local entrepreneurs (who provide prizes and guidance), 3i and the Local Investors Network Company (LINC), who offer advice and opportunities. The main outcomes for policy in this paper are that collaboration between a LEC and a university can be very effective in assisting individuals or groups to meet the challenge of building entrepreneurial networks and that effective support can be provided for students to gain experience from the business community.

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Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, vol. 6 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1462-6004

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Article
Publication date: 6 January 2003

David Lal, Peter A. Strachan and Mahendra Raj

The global telecommunications marketplace has witnessed considerable and unprecedented changes in the past twenty‐five years, so much so, that comparative recognition of most…

321

Abstract

The global telecommunications marketplace has witnessed considerable and unprecedented changes in the past twenty‐five years, so much so, that comparative recognition of most telecommunications fixed‐link network operators is impossible. Consequently, industry structures, market specific structures and the internal operation of incumbent firms have been transformed by visionary strategic directional changes. Demonstrably, the impact of national strategic intentions have identified clear shifts away from predominantly monopolistic – high bureaucratic, labour‐intensive and government‐run service providers, towards distinct deregulated markets – supporting increasingly competitive, innovative and market‐led organisations. With this in mind, this study considers the nature of organisational strategic evolution and its associated consequences on the UK incumbent BT, since UK telecommunications privatisation. A case study approach waqs adopted, with face‐to‐face interviews being carried‐out with senior executives, using semi‐structured questionnaire checklists. Content analysis was applied to the data set and results alluded to the nature of both strategic evolution and the emerging strategic focus occurring within the firm. Against the is backdrop, BT was seen to evolve from a dormant, fat, inward‐looking and inefficient organisation, towards a more dynamic, forward thinking, creative and global organisation. A conceptual model partraying the impact of strategic change on transforming the business focus of BT is developed.

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Journal of International Trade Law and Policy, vol. 2 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1477-0024

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Article
Publication date: 1 April 2000

Judith M Smith and Lisa Duncan

A study was carried out at OILEX from September to November 1999 which examined the extent to which the organisation was capturing and sharing its knowledge and experience…

264

Abstract

A study was carried out at OILEX from September to November 1999 which examined the extent to which the organisation was capturing and sharing its knowledge and experience. Evidence suggested that OILEX was capturing its experience, but sharing of this experience is limited. There was a need to recognise at top level that transforming “individual experience” into “corporate knowledge” is critical to the long‐term competitiveness of the organisation. This paper outlines approaches to knowledge capture and sharing within OILEX at present, and discusses the recommendations that were made in ways of levering the organisation's competitiveness for the future. External factors such as general trends in the industry, falling recruitment, an ageing workforce and use of contract workers have all made an impact on sustaining knowledge and experience within OILEX. Internal factors such as working culture, the specific demands of project work and the organisational structure are also cited. In a competitive environment, maximising all of the company's assets is crucial. This paper suggests ways in which OILEX can benefit from individual experience through its transformation into group learning, and discusses the implications for the company in adopting a programme of capturing and sharing learning. It goes on to highlight the ways in which more effective Knowledge Management impacts directly on savings in staff time, avoids duplication of work already carried out and allows the whole organisation to learn from previous mistakes. Ultimately, such learning leads to greater efficiency and productivity. Different teams within the organisation are able to draw on the learning of others to respond more quickly to problems. They can then transfer their learning back into the knowledge pool, thereby contributing to a constantly evolving “memory bank” of experience.

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VINE, vol. 30 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0305-5728

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Article
Publication date: 1 September 1999

Ian M. Johnson

This paper considers the impact of the emerging “information society” on the education and development of information professionals, particularly in the area of management. It…

516

Abstract

This paper considers the impact of the emerging “information society” on the education and development of information professionals, particularly in the area of management. It identifies those features of the “information society” which are significant for teaching and learning: the new information and communication technologies; users’ growing expectations of information services; the changing job market; and convergence in the information sector. It outlines some steps which schools of library and information sciences in the UK have taken to respond to the challenges presented by the new environment: revising the existing curriculum and teaching methods; expanding the range of curricula; and improved support for continuing professional development. It describes some obstacles to progress: particularly the lack of research into the value of information; isolation from other disciplines, such as political science; potential challenges from business schools; and the shortcomings of current distance learning provision.Introduction

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Library Management, vol. 20 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0143-5124

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Article
Publication date: 21 November 2016

Farid Ullah, Md Zillur Rahman, Robert Smith and Ahmed Beloucif

The purpose of this paper is to explore some key factors that influences ethnic entrepreneur’s decision in starting-up a new business in Aberdeen, Scotland.

1806

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore some key factors that influences ethnic entrepreneur’s decision in starting-up a new business in Aberdeen, Scotland.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors set out to investigate the motives, drivers and attitudes of ethnic minorities in seeking entrepreneurial opportunities. The authors conduct in-depth face-to-face interviews with 25 ethnic entrepreneurs from a variety of nationalities and cultures originating mainly from the Indian subcontinent region. This includes entrepreneurs from India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and some others. The motivations varies according to their culture, traditions, religion and other environmental factors influencing on their decision to start-up.

Findings

The results reveal some interesting influential factors that lead to the successful start-up decision. These include a positive mindset, self-efficacy, strong determination, knowing of the market and local business culture and good financial management.

Originality/value

This paper is based on empirical research and new data have been collected specifically for this research. The authors hope the new findings from this research work will enhance the understanding about ethnic minority businesses in the context of Aberdeen, Scotland.

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Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, vol. 23 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1462-6004

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Book part
Publication date: 7 May 2019

Isabella Maria Weber and Gregor Semieniuk

American radical economists in the 1960s perceived China under Maoism as an important experiment in creating a new society, aspects of which they hoped could serve as a model for…

Abstract

American radical economists in the 1960s perceived China under Maoism as an important experiment in creating a new society, aspects of which they hoped could serve as a model for the developing world. But the knowledge of “actually existing Maoism” was very limited due to the mutual isolation between China and the US. This chapter analyses the First Friendship Delegation of American Radical Political Economists (FFDARPE) to the People’s Republic of China in 1972, consisting mainly of Union for Radical Political Economics (URPE) members, which was the first visit of a group of American economists to China since 1949. Based on interviews with trip participants as well as archival and published material, this chapter studies what we can learn about the engagement with Maoism by American radical economists from their dialogues with Chinese hosts, from their on-the-ground observations, and their reflection upon return. We show how the visitors’ own ideas conflicted and intersected with their perception of the Maoist practice on gender relations, workers’ management, and life in the communes. We also shed light on the diverging conceptions of the role for economic expertise between URPE and late Maoism. As the first in-depth study on the FFDARPE, we provide rich empirical insights into an ice-breaking event in the larger process of normalization in the Sino-US relations, which ultimately led to the disillusionment of the Left with China.

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Including A Symposium on 50 Years of the Union for Radical Political Economics
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78769-849-9

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Article
Publication date: 1 September 2001

Mike McConnell and Iain A. Middleton

The paper examines rationalist and incrementalist approaches for effecting change in website management. Planning is atraditionally rationalist activity that requires specific…

2124

Abstract

The paper examines rationalist and incrementalist approaches for effecting change in website management. Planning is a traditionally rationalist activity that requires specific objectives and timescales to be set, resources to be allocated, and assumes that a desired future state is indeed definable and achievable. The paper argues that the web is too diverse and broad in scope to be addressed as a whole in purely rationalist terms: successful development requires the intelligent application of incrementalist measures. The authors examine a number of rationalist and incrementalist measures in use at two UK HEIs. One approach stimulates incremental buy‐in by encouraging departments to either adopt standards recommended by a central web management team, or by contracting the team for web development and maintenance. A second “rationalist” approach attempts to define the ideal future state, and then implement the requisite technologies and practices as a campus‐wide standard. The paper discusses the pros and cons of rationalist and incrementalist approaches, and the need for a balance between each in a successful web strategy.

Details

VINE, vol. 31 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0305-5728

Available. Open Access. Open Access
Article
Publication date: 21 November 2018

Gao Feng

There exist long-term fluctuations in the process of capital accumulation. The economic long wave is an essential part of research into non-mainstream western economics. After the…

4210

Abstract

Purpose

There exist long-term fluctuations in the process of capital accumulation. The economic long wave is an essential part of research into non-mainstream western economics. After the Second World War, the capitalist world experienced the fourth long wave of expansion and then entered into a downward phase of the long wave in the 1970s. Regarding to whether a new long wave of expansion took place in the 1980s, left-wing scholars hold different viewpoints. The purpose of this paper is to focus on this issue.

Design/methodology/approach

First, based on the review of the long wave history, this paper discusses three kinds of long wave theories with significant influence and puts forward the theoretical framework of analyzing the long wave of capitalist economy. Next, under the guidance of this theoretical framework and in combination with the actual development and evolution of the capitalist economy, the issue of whether the fifth long wave of the capitalist economy began to emerge in the 1980s is discussed deeply.

Findings

This paper argues that, from the early 1980s to 2007, the US-dominated developed countries experienced a new long wave of expansion driven by the information technology revolution, the adjustment of the neoliberalism system and the economic globalization. However, the financial-economic crisis of 2008–2009 led to a new phase of long wave downswing.

Originality/value

This paper does not agree with the single-factor analysis of the intrinsic formation mechanism of economic long wave and sticks to the multi-factor analysis centering on the fluctuation of accumulation rate. It is pointed out that the evolution of the long wave of capitalist economy depends on the combined influence of technology, institutions and market. The study of the long wave of the economy will help us to correctly understand the historical stage and characteristics of the current world capitalist economy in the long-term fluctuations, so that we can make an appropriate and positive response.

Details

China Political Economy, vol. 1 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2516-1652

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