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Article
Publication date: 1 January 1968

B.C. VICKERY

The design of bibliographic records for computer input is explored. The elements of a record provide bibliographic description, serve as retrieval keys, facilitate ordered filing…

520

Abstract

The design of bibliographic records for computer input is explored. The elements of a record provide bibliographic description, serve as retrieval keys, facilitate ordered filing, and indicate locations. The effect of each of these functions on the form of the record is discussed. Problems are raised that must be resolved before an optimal record can be designed.

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Journal of Documentation, vol. 24 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0022-0418

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Book part
Publication date: 15 October 2020

Martha Crowley, Julianne Payne and Earl Kennedy

Labor process research has documented a shift in the nature of control – from techniques that aim to limit worker discretion to consent-oriented controls that are believed to…

Abstract

Labor process research has documented a shift in the nature of control – from techniques that aim to limit worker discretion to consent-oriented controls that are believed to generate greater effort by increasing intrinsic rewards or bonding employees to managers and/or the firm. Over the past several decades, however, growing pressure to increase profits has prompted firms to adopt cost-cutting strategies that have eroded job security, relationships with management and commitment to organizational goals. This study investigates how a changing labor process and rising job insecurity shape workers’ orientations toward work, managers and the firm, and in turn influence workplace behavior. Analyses of content-coded data on 212 work groups confirms that discretion-limiting controls (supervision, technology and rules) are associated with more negative orientations and/or reductions in effort (with variations across distinct forms of control), while investment in workers’ human capital (but not involvement of workers in decision-making) has the reverse effect – ­generating more positive orientations toward work, managers and the firm, and (in turn) promoting discretionary work effort and limiting covert effort restriction. Implications of insecurity are more complex. Both layoffs and temporary employment reduce commitment to the organization, but layoffs generate conflict with management without reducing effort, whereas temporary employment limits effort without producing conflict. We illuminate underlying processes with evidence from the qualitative case studies.

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Professional Work: Knowledge, Power and Social Inequalities
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-80043-210-9

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Book part
Publication date: 17 November 2017

Jo Bishop and Pete Sanderson

This chapter reports an institutional ethnography (IE) which seeks to explicate the everyday experiences of learning mentors (LMs), introduced into English secondary schools 15…

Abstract

This chapter reports an institutional ethnography (IE) which seeks to explicate the everyday experiences of learning mentors (LMs), introduced into English secondary schools 15 years ago. Within the context of the New Labour (NL) policy agenda characterized by an analysis of the relationship between “risk” and “social exclusion” as the root cause of many social problems, LMs were part of a transformative agenda which elevated ‘low level’ workers to paraprofessional status across a range of public services. The official narrative embedded in policy documents talked of LMs “raising achievement” by “removing barriers to learning,” but this tells us little about the way in which such texts are mediated in the sites where they were enacted. The starting point of the IE was to establish how the work of learning mentors was practiced, viewed, and understood within the school by all parties. The enquiry did not start with pre-existing conceptualizations of “pastoral care” or “disaffected youth” but tracing the genealogy of LM practice became more significant as the research developed, thus attention was paid to the legacy of the US tradition of mentoring and how that was re-imagined in the ruling texts of NL policy. The problematic of the study that emerged was that although warmly received by pupils, LM practices were marginalized, misunderstood, and relatively unseen, casting doubt on the influence suggested in formal prescriptions and giving rise to wider questions regarding the increasingly liminal nature of work undertaken by people working in similar roles in other institutions.

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Perspectives on and from Institutional Ethnography
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78714-653-2

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Article
Publication date: 12 March 2010

June Thoburn

This article is an extended version of an ‘experts’ briefing' commissioned to inform senior child welfare managers in English local authorities and voluntary agencies about the…

475

Abstract

This article is an extended version of an ‘experts’ briefing' commissioned to inform senior child welfare managers in English local authorities and voluntary agencies about the available evidence to inform the provision of effective services in complex child protection cases. It starts by noting how differences in the approach to service provision in different jurisdictions affect both the nature of research conducted and its transferability across national boundaries. It then summarises the characteristics both of parents who are likely to maltreat their children and also of the children most likely to be maltreated. The factors that make some families ‘hard to engage’ or ‘hard to help/change’ are then discussed, as are the essential elements of effective professional practice in child protection. Particular attention is paid to effective approaches to helping families and young people who are hard to identify or engage.

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Journal of Children's Services, vol. 5 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1746-6660

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Book part
Publication date: 19 December 2016

Radha R. Sharma and Sir Cary Cooper

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Abstract

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Executive Burnout
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78635-285-9

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Book part
Publication date: 12 September 2022

Jo Bishop

Abstract

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Propping up the Performative School: A Critical Examination of the English Educational Paraprofessional
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-83982-243-8

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Article
Publication date: 13 April 2015

Roman Ružek, Radek Doubrava and Jan Raška

Various types of damage or cracking in the structural components of an airframe can occur during the service lifetimes of aging aircraft. These types of damage are commonly…

225

Abstract

Purpose

Various types of damage or cracking in the structural components of an airframe can occur during the service lifetimes of aging aircraft. These types of damage are commonly repaired with a patch that can be joined to the original structure by different techniques, e.g., riveting and bonding. The purpose of this paper is to describe the repair of a fatigue crack in the metallic wing structure of a jet trainer aircraft using an adhesively bonded boron composite patch.

Design/methodology/approach

The partial analytical design and numerical analysis of the repair is presented. Three different versions of the patch are quantitatively investigated. The efficiency of the designed adhesively bonded boron patch with the parent metallic structure is experimentally verified by panel tests, and two different patch geometries and two surface preparation techniques are investigated. The panels were designed, manufactured and tested as representative structures of the repaired structure.

Findings

Adhesively bonded composite repair increases the lifetime by at least one order compared with the non-repaired structure. Both surface preparations provide equivalent results. The repair lifetime is significantly influenced by the patch geometry, and the longer patch significantly increases the lifetime of the panel. The lifetime of the structure can be increased by ˜40-fold if the patch geometry is a rectangle with 1:1.5 proportions of the sides (length in the crack direction/length perpendicular to the crack propagation). The patch length in the crack direction should be twice that of the initial crack length. Additional patch length extension in the direction that is perpendicular to the crack propagation does not appear to be effective for significantly decreasing the stress intensity factor and patch efficiency. The repair also retards the crack propagation if the crack grows out of the patch. No significant disbonding was detected.

Originality/value

The work described in this paper provides information that is very useful for patch design and verification with relation to different patch geometries and technologies. The designed and verified repair has been successfully applied to an L-39 Czech aircraft structure.

Details

International Journal of Structural Integrity, vol. 6 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1757-9864

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Book part
Publication date: 17 June 2013

David Pettinicchio

In the late 1960s and early 1970s, disability rights found a place on the U.S. policy agenda. However, it did not do so because social movement groups pressured political elites…

Abstract

In the late 1960s and early 1970s, disability rights found a place on the U.S. policy agenda. However, it did not do so because social movement groups pressured political elites or because politicians were responding to changes in public preferences. Drawing from recent work in neo-institutionalism and social movements, namely the theory of strategic action fields, I posit that exogenous shocks in the 1960s caused a disability policy monopoly to collapse giving way to a new policy community. Using original longitudinal data on congressional committees, hearings, bills, and laws, as well as data from the Policy Agendas Project, I demonstrate the ways in which entrepreneurs pursued a new policy image of rights within a context of increasing committee involvement, issue complexity, and space on the policy agenda, and the consequences this had on policy.

Details

Research in Social Movements, Conflicts and Change
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78190-732-0

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Book part
Publication date: 24 January 2024

Kimberly Yost

Free Access. Free Access

Abstract

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Courageous Companions
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-83753-987-1

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Article
Publication date: 3 August 2015

Tiwonge Davis Manda and Jo Herstad

The purpose of this paper is to discuss implications of human-technology interaction in organizational change, especially where mobile phones are introduced to replace paper-based…

867

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to discuss implications of human-technology interaction in organizational change, especially where mobile phones are introduced to replace paper-based reporting.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper employs a case study approach, focusing on implementation of mobile technology for health (mHealth) solutions to support remote data communication, between health facilities and a district health office (DHO), in Malawi.

Findings

The findings suggest that mobile phones are relevant to parts of multi-stage tasks such as data reporting, which comprise compilation, transportation, and digitization of data, and delivery of feedback. Consequently, innovation due to the introduction of mobile phones, is found in their interaction with other artefacts (paper, desktop computers, etc.), and existing paper-centric and emerging work practices.

Research limitations/implications

Although lessons from this study could be transported across contexts, practitioners, and researchers should pay particular attention to contextual differences.

Practical implications

In accounting for the mutual shaping between technology and context/work practices the paper demonstrates that mHealth innovation demands significant practical work.

Originality/value

mHealth research is often preoccupied with capabilities of mobile devices. First, the authors account for interaction between artefacts, existing, and emerging use contexts, and the use process, at multiple levels of organization. Through this, the authors argue for a need to seriously consider idiosyncrasies of artefacts and tasks at hand, as well as distributed affordances across artefacts, in mHealth implementations. Second, the authors argue that contrary to the general focus on mobile phones as tools for supporting people on the move, their relevance might actually be found in reducing people’s mobility.

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