Fatma A. El‐Gohary, Fayza A. Nasr, Rifaat A. Wahaab and Hamdy I. Aly
Pre‐treatment of wastewater discharged from a potato‐chips factory was the subject of this study. Wastewater discharged from this factory is characterized by high values of BOD…
Abstract
Pre‐treatment of wastewater discharged from a potato‐chips factory was the subject of this study. Wastewater discharged from this factory is characterized by high values of BOD, TSS and oil and grease (3,685, 4,115 and 169mg/l, respectively). Treatability studies via continuous aerobic and anaerobic methods treatment have been investigated. The results obtained showed marked improvement in the quality of the treated effluent using packing material versus the upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactor (UASB) without packing. An extra removal in COD (53 per cent), BOD (61 percent), TSS (52 per cent) and oil and grease (46 per cent) was obtained. Corresponding residual values were 398mgO2/l, 235mgO2/l, 108mg/l and 38mg/l, respectively. Based on the laboratory results, engineering designs and economic evaluation of the different treatment systems were developed.
Details
Keywords
Fayza A. Nasr and Rifaat Abdel Wahaab
About 50 epidemiological reports about possible associations between cancer morbidity and exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) were published between 1979 and 1994. The…
Abstract
About 50 epidemiological reports about possible associations between cancer morbidity and exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) were published between 1979 and 1994. The majority of them (60‐75 per cent) documented a slight (1.5 to twofold) but significant increase in the incidence of certain rare forms of neoplasms (leukaemia, lymphoma, brain tumours). A limited support for carcinogenic potencies of EMFs is provided from cellular studies, but the effects appear to be generally weak, transient and difficult to replicate. Concludes that the available evidence associating cancer and EMF exposure is too tenuous to be convincing but too consistent to be ignored. Further progress needs better quantification of exposure levels and conditions, evaluation of dose‐effect relationships and liability to confounding carcinogenic factors that may influence morbidity rates in the investigated populations.