William McCluskey, William Deddis, Adam Mannis, Dillon McBurney and Richard Borst
Provides an outline of research seeking to apply to computer assisted mass appraisal (CAMA) model capable of use within a geographic information system (GIS). The end product will…
Abstract
Provides an outline of research seeking to apply to computer assisted mass appraisal (CAMA) model capable of use within a geographic information system (GIS). The end product will be a working GIS/valuation integrated model. The model, in an operational context, can be utilized for property taxation purposes, to facilitate the rating and revaluation of residential properties in Northern Ireland. As the value of land and property is a function of economic, legal, physical and locational factors, consequently access to comprehensive, reliable and up‐to‐date transaction evidence is a prerequisite to property valuation. Valuation techniques depend on the collection and analysis of relevant data. Historically, the application of these techniques took place within a non‐spatial environment. Ultimately, market data support any estimate of value. Data searches and collection can prove both time consuming and expensive in relation to the fee earning potential of a valuation report. GIS can facilitate, in a spatial and aspatial context, the storage, manipulation and analysis of data, in a fraction of the time previously required. Current techniques for the mass appraisal of property, and for the prediction of residential property values, can be enhanced by utilizing the data handling capacity of GIS. Integration of a mass appraisal model within a GIS will add value to the valuation process.
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William J. McCluskey, William G. Deddis, Ian G. Lamont and Richard A. Borst
The aim of this paper is to attempt to measure the effect of location on residential house prices and to endeavour to integrate spatial and aspatial data in terms of developing a…
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to attempt to measure the effect of location on residential house prices and to endeavour to integrate spatial and aspatial data in terms of developing a hybrid predictive model. The research methodology investigates the traditional hedonic approach to modelling location using multiple regression techniques. Alternative approaches are considered which specifically model the spatial distribution of house prices with the objective of developing location adjustment factors. These approaches are based on the development of surface response techniques such as inverse distance weighting and universal kriging. The results generated from the surfaces created are then calibrated within MRA.
William J. McCluskey and Richard A. Borst
The purpose of this research is to explore from a mass appraisal perspective how the effects of location are reflected within valuation models. The paper sets out to detail the…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this research is to explore from a mass appraisal perspective how the effects of location are reflected within valuation models. The paper sets out to detail the various techniques and the efficacy of their application.
Design/methodology/approach
The approach adopted is analytical and based upon the development of locational attributes. An extensive literature base is synthesized with methods being evaluated in their application to mass appraisal.
Findings
This research has identified that the three main groups interested in residential property valuation, namely, academia, industry and commerce have to a certain extent been unfamiliar with the research developments occurring in the other groups. The impact of this is important, given the need for integration and collaboration in terms of future model development.
Research limitations/implications
The research underpinning this paper will provide a solid basis for further research into this area. The importance of measuring the effect that location has on value is of major significance in the determination of objective estimates of property value.
Practical implications
Those within the assessment community could be described as pragmatists working in a situation that requires feasible and suitable solutions to the problem of measuring location value. It is our contention that the third generation techniques of spatially varying parameter models and spatial autocorrelation models will require greater industry verification before their use becomes more widely accepted.
Originality/value
This paper provides a detailed analysis of methodologies used to reflect the value of location over the last 50 years. The debate is taken forward by describing what will be the contribution to the development of the next generation of location‐specific modeling techniques.
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William J. McCluskey and Richard A. Borst
The purpose of this paper is to describe a segmentation technique based on geostatistical modeling methods utilizing geographically weighted regression (GWR) to identify…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to describe a segmentation technique based on geostatistical modeling methods utilizing geographically weighted regression (GWR) to identify submarkets which could be applied within the mass appraisal environment.
Design/methodology/approach
Given the spatial dimension within which neighbourhoods/submarkets exist, this paper has sought to utilize the geostatistical technique of GWR to identify them.
Findings
The efficacy of the procedure is established by demonstrating improvements in predictive accuracy of the resultant segmented market models as compared to a baseline global unsegmented model for each of the study areas. Optimal number of segments is obtained by measures of predictive accuracy, spatial autocorrelation in the residual errors and the Akaike information criterion.
Research limitations/implications
The three datasets used allowed for an evaluation of the robustness of the method. Nonetheless it would be beneficial to test it on other datasets, particularly from different regions of the world.
Practical implications
Many researchers and mass appraisal practitioners have established the benefit of segmenting a study area into two or more submarkets as a means of incorporating the effects of location within mass valuation models. This approach develops the existing knowledge.
Social implications
The research ultimately is developing more accurate valuation models upon which the property tax is based. This should create an environment of fair and acceptable assessed values by the tax paying community.
Originality/value
The contribution of this work lies in the methodological approach adopted which incorporates a market basket approach developed through a process of GWR. The importance of the research findings illustrate that submarket segmentation need no longer be an arbitrary process.
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Behnam M. Tehrani, Jun Wang and Dennis Truax
Despite the importance of cognitive monitoring, limited studies attempted to continuously monitor cognitive status of workers regarding mental fatigue effects on fall hazard…
Abstract
Purpose
Despite the importance of cognitive monitoring, limited studies attempted to continuously monitor cognitive status of workers regarding mental fatigue effects on fall hazard. Thus, the objective of this study is to investigate and understand the effects of working at height on mental fatigue development for fall hazard prevention.
Design/methodology/approach
A quantitative framework using two well-known methods, i.e. Wavelet Packet Decomposition and Sample entropy, is developed to analyze the captured brain signals from Electroencephalography (EEG) to quantitatively assess mental fatigue levels, and seven mental fatigue indices were obtained. Between-subjects lab experiment was designed and conducted to assess mental fatigue in Virtual Reality (VR) environment.
Findings
Both of the quantitative methods confirmed that height exposure can adversely affect subjects' vigilance levels and indicated higher levels of mental fatigue. Significant differences were found between the two tested groups (i.e. working at height or on the ground) for six out of seven indices. The results suggested that working-at-height group had higher mental fatigue levels.
Research limitations/implications
One limitation of this study is the limited number of subjects recruited for the experiment. Overall, this study is a preliminary and exploratory work towards mental fatigue monitoring and assessment in subjects exposed to fall risk.
Originality/value
This is the first study to explore and focus on mental fatigue assessment, particularly for construction falling-from-height hazard prevention by continuously monitoring mental fatigue levels of workers. The research provides insight into construction safety enhancement using smart technologies.
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Tricia Valdez-Zontek, Teddi Beam-Conroy and Nancy Encarnación
Why do K-12 schools not perform better in educating English Language Learners (ELLs)? Part of the problem lies with higher education: We continue to produce pre-service teachers…
Abstract
Why do K-12 schools not perform better in educating English Language Learners (ELLs)? Part of the problem lies with higher education: We continue to produce pre-service teachers who are not prepared for today’s multilingual student population and, more importantly, most currently practicing teachers lack any such preparation.
Matt C. Howard and Mandy Kasprzyk
The current article integrates four prominent directions of modern research on workplace social courage. We (1) apply a novel framework, psychological contract theory, to identify…
Abstract
Purpose
The current article integrates four prominent directions of modern research on workplace social courage. We (1) apply a novel framework, psychological contract theory, to identify (2) work engagement and moral disengagement as potential antecedents of social courage, (3) unethical pro-organizational behaviors as a possible duplicitous outcome of these antecedents and (4) moderating effects of moral disengagement on the relations of work engagement with these outcomes.
Design/methodology/approach
We perform a two-wave survey study (n = 347), wherein antecedents are measured at Time 1 and outcomes are measured at Time 2 (one week later).
Findings
We support that work engagement and moral disengagement significantly relate to both workplace social courage and unethical pro-organizational behaviors. We also support that moral disengagement moderates the relation of work engagement with unethical pro-organizational behaviors but not workplace social courage.
Practical implications
We highlight that work engagement can be a possible avenue to promote workplace social courage, but organizations should monitor any interventions because it may also promote unethical pro-organizational behaviors for those who are morally disengaged. We also contend that the current results support the “resiliency of courage” by discovering a nonsignificant moderating effect, providing further support for this broadly replicable aspect of workplace social courage.
Originality/value
We discuss how these findings support psychological contract theory as a viable lens to understand workplace social courage, and we call on future researchers to apply the theory to identify further relations of the construct.
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The purpose of this paper is to investigate how the degree of investment and involvement attributed to specific product categories, affect content marketing plans and practices on…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate how the degree of investment and involvement attributed to specific product categories, affect content marketing plans and practices on the Web and social media.
Design/methodology/approach
This is a conceptual paper based on the classification proposed by Morton and Devine (1985) on the axes of investment and involvement. The author uses secondary research evidence from both academic and industry sources to document content marketing trends in the US and the EU markets and allocates such trends using the semiotic square.
Findings
The findings indicate that products in each quadrant follow similar practices regarding content publishing, campaign planning and community management.
Research limitations/implications
Further research may test this model empirically and assess its merits in different markets.
Practical implications
Managers can use this model for content planning, considering category-related opportunities and limitations. The model may also serve as a teaching tool to familiarize students with older research and its potential contribution in current settings.
Originality/value
By applying an old model in the current US/EU context, this paper helps document and understand content marketing practices, paving the way toward their optimization.
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Keywords
- Internet marketing
- Marketing communications
- Experiential marketing
- Customer insight
- Channel management
- Virtual communities
- Paid search
- Marketing communication
- Consumer generated advertising
- Social media marketing
- Online marketing
- SEO
- Content marketing
- High investment
- High involvement
- Low involvement
- Product category
- Product classification model
- Content publishing
- Content planning
- Connection planning
- Conversion
- Brand communities