Sally Selden, Lee Schimmoeller and Reese Thompson
This article aims to examine factors associated with new employee turnover in US state governments, where turnover is often highest in organizations. Building on existing studies…
Abstract
Purpose
This article aims to examine factors associated with new employee turnover in US state governments, where turnover is often highest in organizations. Building on existing studies of high performance work systems (HPWS) turnover, this article develops a set of hypotheses to explain new hire turnover.
Design/methodology/approach
The proposed model has been analyzed with a sample of 42 of the 50 US state governments.
Findings
Practices associated with HPWS influence turnover of new hires. State governments that operate centralized college recruiting programs, pay higher salaries, offer pay for performance incentives, award group bonuses, invest more in training, and allow job rotation lose significantly fewer new hires.
Research limitations/implications
This study is limited to specific variables collected in an online survey of states' central human resource departments. Future research may want to focus on other levels of government, include additional practices associated with HPWS, and examine measures of government performance.
Practical implications
This study stresses the importance of HPWS and how HRM practices impact new employees' decisions to stay or leave an organization. This information will provide an opportunity for actionable knowledge to be created that may help practitioners design and administer programs to reduce new hire turnover.
Originality/value
This study has extended a well‐developed body of knowledge on HPWS to government. Since most HPWS and turnover studies focus on turnover more broadly and since turnover is often highest among new hires, this research extends the HPWS framework to an important outcome, new hire quit rates.
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The effects of steady fluid flow through double bell‐shaped constrictions in tubes were investigated numerically for the Reynolds number range of 5 to 400. The double…
Abstract
The effects of steady fluid flow through double bell‐shaped constrictions in tubes were investigated numerically for the Reynolds number range of 5 to 400. The double constrictions studied were for similar first and second constrictions of 1/3, 1/2 and 2/3. A dimensionless constriction spacing of 1.0 was considered. Study showed that the major part of the mean dimensionless pressure drop in the constricted tube occurs predominantly across the first constriction when flow moves towards the valley region formed by the two constrictions. Minimum pressures along the constricted tubes occurs downstream of each constrictions. When the constriction magnitudes increased, the pressure drop across the same length of the tube increases exponentially. The effect of increasing the Reynolds number for all the constriction values considered here is to increase the spreading of the recirculation region between the valley region of the constrictions. The recirculation region formed between the two constrictions has a deminishing effect on the generation of wall vorticity near the second constriction. The effects are more pronounce when the recirculatory flow from the first constriction has spread over the second constriction. In general, a peak wall vorticity is found slightly upstream of each of the constrictions. When the Reynolds number is increased, the peak wall vorticity increases and its location moved upstream. It is noted for the cases considered here that the peak wall vorticity generated by the first constriction is always greater than the peak wall vorticity generated by the second constriction.
Adriana Panting, Andrew G. Heise, Ma. Regina M. Hechanova and Lynn C. Waelde
This chapter summarizes the literature on mindfulness and its impact of postdisaster response. Although the use of mindfulness is still in its infancy in Southeast Asia (SEA)…
Abstract
This chapter summarizes the literature on mindfulness and its impact of postdisaster response. Although the use of mindfulness is still in its infancy in Southeast Asia (SEA), initial studies suggest it has potential as a means to address survivors’ posttrauma symptoms. Given cultural nuances such as a discomfort in emotional expression and shame, mindfulness is non-intrusive and encourages non-judgmental acceptance. Mindfulness has been used in group settings which is congruent with the region’s collectivist orientation. In addition, given the importance of spirituality, we suggest that mindfulness may be an inclusive approach that is familiar and acceptable to SEA survivors.
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Emmanuel M. Kalargiros and Michael R. Manning
This chapter attempts to elucidate the important role that divergent thinking plays in organizational creativity, innovation, and change. We define brainstorming as a systematized…
Abstract
This chapter attempts to elucidate the important role that divergent thinking plays in organizational creativity, innovation, and change. We define brainstorming as a systematized method of divergent thinking, review this literature, and advocate for the strategic use of brainstorming to enhance creativity and innovation. We identify contradictory findings in the research literature that have led practitioners and researchers to disregard brainstorming techniques. We suggest that cultural forces embedded in organizations may prevent divergent thinking and brainstorming from becoming established normative organizational processes, thus hampering organizations’ potential for change and innovation. The chapter closes by putting divergent thinking and brainstorming in perspective and provides guidelines for its use.
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Katrina Clifford and Lisa Waller
The way crystal methamphetamine or ‘ice’ use in rural Australia has been represented for national television audiences provides rich evidence of the intersections between media…
Abstract
The way crystal methamphetamine or ‘ice’ use in rural Australia has been represented for national television audiences provides rich evidence of the intersections between media, crime and rurality. This chapter explores these connections through a framing analysis of three Australian television news and current affairs features about this topic. It investigates how concepts such as ‘fluidity’ and ‘boundedness’ operate in relation to the representation of ice use and drug-related crime in rural and regional communities. This raises questions about how certain images and associations come to circulate through media as well as their potential to evolve and change over time or to even be contested – sometimes by the very individuals and communities who serve as the subjects of stories about such problems in society.
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Through a case study of J. Walter Thompson and Kraft’s efforts to market Vegemite in the USA in the late 1960s, this paper aims to explore transnational systems of cultural…
Abstract
Purpose
Through a case study of J. Walter Thompson and Kraft’s efforts to market Vegemite in the USA in the late 1960s, this paper aims to explore transnational systems of cultural production and consumption, the US’s changing perception of Australia and the influence of culture on whether advertising fails or succeeds.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper draws from archival primary sources, including advertisements and newspapers, as well as secondary literatures from the fields of advertising history, food studies and transnational studies of popular culture.
Findings
Although J. Walter Thompson’s advertising contributed to Vegemite’s icon status in Australia, it failed to capture the American market in the late 1960s. In the 1980s, however, Vegemite did capture American interest when it was central to a wave of Australian popular culture that included films, sport and music, particularly Men at Work’s hit song, “Down Under”, whose lyrics mentioned Vegemite. As such, Vegemite’s moment of success stateside occurred without a national advertising campaign. Even when popular, however, Americans failed to like Vegemite’s taste, confirming it as a uniquely culturally specific product.
Originality/value
This paper analyzes a little-studied advertising campaign. The case study’s interdisciplinary findings will be of interest to scholars of advertising history, twentieth century USA and Australian history and food studies.
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Alicia Raia-Hawrylak and Christopher Donoghue
Anti-bullying legislation has been adopted in every state to prevent the victimization of youth, but the focus on deterring and criminalizing individual behavior can obscure the…
Abstract
Purpose
Anti-bullying legislation has been adopted in every state to prevent the victimization of youth, but the focus on deterring and criminalizing individual behavior can obscure the contextual factors that contribute to aggression. This theoretical paper engages sociological literature to understand the impact of recent anti-bullying legislation on students’ experiences.
Design/methodology/approach
We discuss stigma and account-making theory to theorize the ways students become particularly vulnerable to victimization and may or may not be sufficiently protected under the law. We also engage criminological theories to understand how punishment may not be sufficient for preventing aggressive behavior but may instead lead students to employ strategies to avoid being caught or punished for their behaviors.
Findings
We argue that the majority of current anti-bullying definitions and protocols in use are ambiguous and insufficient in protecting vulnerable groups of students, particularly students with disabilities, overweight students, and LGBT + students.
Originality/value
Our findings suggest that schools should seek to understand and alter the school-wide cultures and norms that permit aggressive behavior in the first place, in turn creating more inclusive school environments.
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Nicole Gardner-Neblett, Stephanie M. Curenton and Kimberly A. Blitch
The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of African American children’s oral language skills with the intention of building the understanding of how these skills…
Abstract
The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of African American children’s oral language skills with the intention of building the understanding of how these skills translate to classroom contexts. The chapter also summarizes the goals of the Common Core that are specifically related to speaking and listening and describes how African American children might meet these goals.
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Lars Mjøset, Roel Meijer, Nils Butenschøn and Kristian Berg Harpviken
This study employs Stein Rokkan's methodological approach to analyse state formation in the Greater Middle East. It develops a conceptual framework distinguishing colonial…
Abstract
This study employs Stein Rokkan's methodological approach to analyse state formation in the Greater Middle East. It develops a conceptual framework distinguishing colonial, populist and democratic pacts, suitable for analysis of state formation and nation-building through to the present period. The framework relies on historical institutionalism. The methodology, however, is Rokkan's. The initial conceptual analysis also specifies differences between European and the Middle Eastern state formation processes. It is followed by a brief and selective discussion of historical preconditions. Next, the method of plotting singular cases into conceptual-typological maps is applied to 20 cases in the Greater Middle East (including Afghanistan, Iran and Turkey). For reasons of space, the empirical analysis is limited to the colonial period (1870s to the end of World War 1). Three typologies are combined into one conceptual-typological map of this period. The vertical left-hand axis provides a composite typology that clarifies cultural-territorial preconditions. The horizontal axis specifies transformations of the region's agrarian class structures since the mid-19th century reforms. The right-hand vertical axis provides a four-layered typology of processes of external intervention. A final section presents selected comparative case reconstructions. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first time such a Rokkan-style conceptual-typological map has been constructed for a non-European region.