Claire O’Brien, Laura Hogan, Peter Ward, William Howard, Rebecca Mooney, Paul Bernard and Grace Corcoran
Emergency Department (ED) presentations in older people are associated with a wide range of adverse events, which increase the risk of lengthy hospitalisation and poor outcomes…
Abstract
Purpose
Emergency Department (ED) presentations in older people are associated with a wide range of adverse events, which increase the risk of lengthy hospitalisation and poor outcomes. Pathfinder is an inter-organisational initiative delivered in partnership between Beaumont Hospital Occupational Therapy and Physiotherapy departments and the National Ambulance Service. Pathfinder responds to non-serious and non-life-threatening emergency medical service (EMS) calls. This study aims to demonstrate how Pathfinder can safely treat a proportion of older people at home by using alternative care pathways (ACPs), therefore avoiding unnecessary ED presentations. Once a decision has been reached to treat the person at home, the Pathfinder follow-up team delivers functional rehabilitation and case management in the persons’ home over the subsequent days.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper outlines the Pathfinder assessment, management and interventions in one clinical case example. Outcome measures include the level of patient satisfaction obtained via routine telephone feedback questionnaire and re-presentation to Beaumont Hospital within 30 days.
Findings
This paper illustrates through a case example the benefit of a collaborative multi-disciplinary rapid response team for non-serious and non-life-threatening EMS calls in older adults. The patient in this case example had no further EMS calls or ED presentations for 30 days after Pathfinder intervention and reported a high level of satisfaction with the service.
Research limitations/implications
ED presentation was avoided through comprehensive multi-disciplinary assessment, including immediate access to intensive follow-up support in the person’s own home.
Practical implications
The Pathfinder service is improving access to ACPs for older people in the Beaumont Hospital catchment area. Pathfinder will now be spread nationally, with local adaptation, so that older people in other parts of Ireland will also benefit from this integrated model of care.
Originality/value
Patient feedback surveys confirm older adults want access to alternative care pathways.
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Sam Rowlands, Vanessa Heaslip, Cassandra Felske-Durksen, Ñusta Carranza Ko, Gwendolyn Albert, Rebecca Rich, Kristin A. Black and Marek Szilvási
This paper aims to draw attention to the global infringement of reproductive rights of Indigenous and racialised Peoples.
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to draw attention to the global infringement of reproductive rights of Indigenous and racialised Peoples.
Design/methodology/approach
Narrative literature review. Description and comparative analysis of examples of forced sterilisation.
Findings
Large-scale sterilisation campaigns were identified in three different regions of the world: North America, Latin America and Europe. Within these, hundreds of thousands of Indigenous and racialised Peoples have been forcibly sterilised as part of state-sponsored procedures, predominantly aimed at women and gestating people. These abuses are continuing in the 21st century and have origins in “racial science” theory. The exact nature of the abuses is identified alongside the long-term health and wellbeing implications. Professional attitudes and behaviours that condoned such practices within healthcare settings are identified. The psychological, social and cultural impact of such practices, including on Indigenous body sovereignty and self-determination, are demonstrated.
Practical implications
These are twofold: firstly to eradicate any future practice of forced sterilisation and secondly to provide reparations to those affected.
Originality/value
The analysis brings together scholarship from Indigenous studies alongside that of health and social sciences.
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Donatella Maraschin and Suzanne Scafe
This chapter analyses a range of media outputs produced to raise awareness of the campaign of forced sterilisation conducted in Peru during the period 1993–1998. Focusing in…
Abstract
Purpose
This chapter analyses a range of media outputs produced to raise awareness of the campaign of forced sterilisation conducted in Peru during the period 1993–1998. Focusing in detail on the Quipu Project the authors investigate the ways in which different media configure differently witness subjects, audiences and listeners. The chapter also analyses the effectiveness of these media outputs within the contexts of human rights discourses.
Design/methodology/approach
The chapter is framed by narrative theories of documentary video production, new media technology and intermediality. The authors also draw on theories of witnessing that have emerged in critical studies of witness testimony in video and new media. It uses secondary data, that is, the testimonies of women already collected, selected and, in most cases, edited by documentary makers and campaigners.
Findings
The case studies compare the ways in which conventional video documentary and techniques of digital storytelling transform the content of women’s testimony.
Research implications/limitations
Funding limitations have meant that progress on the site was, at the time of writing, temporarily suspended. We therefore analysed the pilot, or prototype, of the Quipu Project, which should be viewed as a work in progress. However, a more developed site for the Quipu Project went live after the chapter was completed.
Originality/value
This chapter represents the first attempt to analyse the effectiveness of an experimental project such as the Quipu Project. The authors were given access by the curators of the project to the site at various stages of its construction. The chapter provides insights into the potential of digital technology to create opportunities for media outputs to internationalise interventions into campaigns for justice and reparation.
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Irene Ryan and Shelagh Karin Mooney
The purpose of this paper is to show how the social categories of gender, age and class influence networking practices and career progression in the 4–5-star hotel sector in…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to show how the social categories of gender, age and class influence networking practices and career progression in the 4–5-star hotel sector in Australia and New Zealand. It argues that in this type of workplace the practice of networking is so normalized that it is assumed an inclusive, gender-neutral activity.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper draws on 18 semi-structured interviews. Inductive analysis was used uncover themes, sub-themes and emergent patterns. An intersectionally sensitive approach was followed.
Findings
The significance of networking processes for career progression in the 4–5-star hotel sectors was a recurring theme. Networking reflects historically embedded gendering practices that heighten existing class-based structural privilege for groups of men.
Research limitations/implications
The focus is on hotel employees in Australia and New Zealand with the findings are not implicitly generalizable.
Practical implications
Networks are important for women as their “merit” may not be immediately visible. Well-structured mentoring schemes need to be adopted as part of the affirmative action required to tilt the “skewed playing field”.
Originality/value
Studies that indicate how the gendering of networking practices reinforce career privilege and penalty in specific organizations have been lacking, as have studies favouring an intersectional approach. This study seeks to redress these omissions.
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Rebecca Brewer, Lucy Pomroy, Michelle Wells and Joanne Ratcliffe
The purpose of this paper is to provide wider research evidence for the use of the Short Dynamic Risk Scale (SDRS) in risk management with individuals who have an Intellectual…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide wider research evidence for the use of the Short Dynamic Risk Scale (SDRS) in risk management with individuals who have an Intellectual Disability (ID) and reside in a secure psychiatric inpatient setting. The outcomes are supportive of previous research, showing that outcomes on the SDRS are related to maladaptive behaviours recorded for individual with ID.
Design/methodology/approach
All participant data taken from the hospital healthcare reporting system were entered into a PASW database. The ratings for each of the SDRS and Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability (START) items were entered and totalled, with a separate total score for the SDRS with the additional three items. In order to capture the behavioural monitoring data, average severities weightings of each of the Overt Aggression Scale-modified for neuro-rehabilitation (OAS-MNR) categories for the three weeks following completion of the individual’s SDRS were calculated and recorded. In addition, average severity weightings reflecting the presence of sexualised behaviour (St Andrew’s Sexual Behaviour Assessment (SASBA) in the subsequent three weeks following SDRS completion was included. Using the most recent START assessment completed allowed for analysis of the predictive ability of the START of the same behavioural data.
Findings
A series of Spearman’s correlations were run to determine the relationship between outcomes on the SDRS and engagement in risk behaviours as rated by the OAS-MNR scales. There was a moderate positive correlation between all 11-items of the SDRS and OAS-MNR recordings. A series of Spearman’s correlations were conducted to determine the relationship between outcomes on the START Vulnerability items and engagement in risk behaviours as rated by the OAS-MNR scales. There was a weak negative correlation between all individual START vulnerability item ratings and OAS-MNR recordings.
Research limitations/implications
The current pilot study provides wider research evidence for the use of the SDRS in risk management with individuals who have an ID and reside in a secure psychiatric inpatient setting.
Originality/value
This paper compares outcomes on the START and SDRS in relation to an individual’s risk recordings to support identification of whether either have practical and clinical utility. To the authors’ knowledge, this has not been completed before.
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This paper aims to explore how environmental employment can promote desistance among criminalised children. Research demonstrates that being immersed in and interacting with the…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to explore how environmental employment can promote desistance among criminalised children. Research demonstrates that being immersed in and interacting with the natural environment has a positive impact upon well-being and behaviour, including reduced aggressive and violent behaviours. However, how exposure to the natural environment might promote desistance amongst children with persistent criminal involvement is unclear.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper examines, through semi-structured interviews and participant observations, the experiences of n = 23 criminalised children aged 16–18 employed in outdoor work at a UK social enterprise.
Findings
The findings demonstrate how working in the natural environment can provide a safe space for children, where they can build positive relationships, learn valuable skills and reconnect with the world outside of the high-pressure, conflict-driven spaces in which they typically occupy.
Originality/value
This research highlights the relevance of the setting in which child rehabilitation takes place and the potential role of natural environments in providing places and opportunities which support pro-social identity development and desistance for children.
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The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of assisted desistance from the perspective of women involved in the criminal justice system. It focusses on two community…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of assisted desistance from the perspective of women involved in the criminal justice system. It focusses on two community projects set up in the aftermath of the 2007 Corston Report, Northshire Women’s Centres (WCs) and the Housing for Northshire project.
Design/methodology/approach
Through analysis of a year of observation in these settings and 23 narrative interviews with staff and service users, the paper notes the differences between risk-focussed and desistance-focussed justice for women.
Findings
Neither projects are a panacea; however, they offer an insight into desistance-focussed practice. The findings would suggest that the projects provide social justice as opposed to criminal justice, particularly because of their flexible approach and awareness of the relational elements involved in female desistance.
Originality/value
The in-depth, qualitative data provided challenges the “payment by results” rhetoric which demands positivist research that promotes an understanding of desistance as a binary outcome. Implications for policy are considered.
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Ruth Elwood Martin, Sue Adamson, Mo Korchinski, Alison Granger-Brown, Vivian R. Ramsden, Jane A. Buxton, Nancy Espinoza-Magana, Sue L. Pollock, Megan J.F. Smith, Ann C. Macaulay, Lara Lisa Condello and T. Gregory Hislop
Women in prison throughout the world experience higher rates of mental and physical illness compared with the general population and compared with men in prison. The paper finds…
Abstract
Purpose
Women in prison throughout the world experience higher rates of mental and physical illness compared with the general population and compared with men in prison. The paper finds no published studies that report on men or women in prison engaging in participatory health research to address their concerns about nutrition and fitness. The purpose of this paper is to describe a pilot nutrition and fitness program, which resulted from a unique prison participatory health research project.
Design/methodology/approach
Women in prison designed, led, and evaluated a six-week pilot fitness program in a minimum/medium security women's prison. Pre- and post-program assessments included a self-administered questionnaire and body measures. Open-ended questionnaire responses illuminated the quantitative findings.
Findings
Sixteen women in prison completed the program evaluation. Weight, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, and chest measurements decreased, and energy, sleep, and stress levels improved by the end of the program.
Research limitations/implications
As a component of a participatory research project, incarcerated women designed and led a nutrition and fitness program, which resulted in improved body measures and self-reported health benefits.
Originality Value
Incarceration provides opportunities to engage women in designing their own health programs with consequent potential long-term “healing” benefits.