Nagaraj Samala, Bharath Shashanka Katkam, Raja Shekhar Bellamkonda and Raul Villamarin Rodriguez
The purpose of the present article is to highlight the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Robotics in the tourism industry. The various technologies being integrated to…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of the present article is to highlight the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Robotics in the tourism industry. The various technologies being integrated to improve the service and customer experience in tourism. The expected changes and challenges in tourism in the future are focused in this paper.
Design/methodology/approach
A systematic study on the emerging technologies of AI and Robotics applied in the tourism sector is presented in the form of a viewpoint.
Findings
AI certainly enhances tourism experiential services however cannot surpass the human touch which is an essential determinant of experiential tourism. AI acts as an effective complementary dimension to the future of tourism. With the emergence of artificial travel intelligence, it is simpler to make travel arrangements. AI offers travel services that are automated, customized and insightful. AI allows travelers to learn about their behaviors, interests to inclinations and provide a personalized experience. Gone are the days to consult a travel agent, meet him physically and indulge in an endless chain of troubling phone calls to inquire about travel arrangements.
Practical implications
Tourism marketing to see a positive and improved change that will enhance the tourists’ overall experience due to the application of AI and Robotics. New emerging technologies like chatbots, virtual reality, language translators, etc. can be effectively applied in Travel, Tourism & Hospitality industry.
Originality/value
The present viewpoint discusses the application and role of AI and Robotics with the help of relevant industry examples and theory. The present paper highlights the different technologies being used and will be used in the future.
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Raul V. Rodriguez, Sanjivni Sinha and Sakshi Tripathi
The purpose of the paper is to highlight the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the healthcare industry through the Ayushman Bharat health protection scheme by analyzing…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of the paper is to highlight the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the healthcare industry through the Ayushman Bharat health protection scheme by analyzing various technologies being integrated to improve the customer service and experiences in India. The key focus lies on the understanding of the influence of AI in the healthcare system services, the clinical treatment, and the facilities to progress with accurate and precise health screening in India.
Design/methodology/approach
A systematic study on the emerging technologies of AI and the applications in the healthcare sector is presented in the form of a viewpoint.
Findings
AI certainly enhances experiential services; however, it cannot surpass the human touch which is an essential determinant of experiential healthcare services. AI acts as an effective complementary dimension to the future of healthcare.
Originality/value
This viewpoint discusses the applications and role of AI with the help of relevant examples. It highlights the different technologies being applied and how they will be used in the future focusing upon the Ayushman Bharat health protection scheme in India.
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Ramona Diana Leon, Raúl Rodríguez-Rodríguez and Juan-José Alfaro-Saiz
This research sought to identify the best strategy for avoiding corporate amnesia in the context of the Industry 5.0 and an aging society.
Abstract
Purpose
This research sought to identify the best strategy for avoiding corporate amnesia in the context of the Industry 5.0 and an aging society.
Design/methodology/approach
To achieve this goal, a multi-phase methodology based on analytic network process was proposed and tested in one of the biggest companies in the bakery industry.
Findings
The results highlight that online communities of practice and storytelling are the best way to avoid corporate amnesia. The most important factors are commitment, work satisfaction and organizational culture. Commitment and work satisfaction also enhance the use of online communities of practice, while work satisfaction and organizational culture foster the use of storytelling.
Originality/value
This article proposes a nexus between knowledge management and operations management. This research also presents a decision-making tool that can help managers determine the most appropriate strategy for avoiding corporate amnesia.
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Luis Raúl Rodríguez-Reyes and Mireya Pasillas
This paper aims to study the business-specific features associated with financial distress in enterprises during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to study the business-specific features associated with financial distress in enterprises during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Design/methodology/approach
A binary logistic regression model is used to analyze a random sample of 754 companies in Jalisco, Mexico. A modified backward elimination process is used to achieve parsimony. Model robustness is reviewed by running several model selection algorithms.
Findings
Layoffs raise companies’ odds of stress by 2.9 times. Being a micro business doubles companies’ odds of stress while asking for government aid implies 1.9 times higher odds. A drop in annual sales in 2021 increases the odds of closing by 1.7 times. Companies led by female owners faced 1.6 times higher odds of stress, a similar increase in odds as in companies in the manufacturing and construction sectors. Finally, businesses aged five or fewer years were 1.5 times more likely to experience stress.
Research limitations/implications
Given the study’s limited geographical scope, applying the results to broader public policy and its focalization may require external validation and deeper analysis of relevant local economic mechanisms, incentives, and constraints.
Practical implications
Findings support targeting public policy in disaster relief. For instance, financial aid programs may prioritize enterprises with some features that increase their risk of experiencing stress. Results also have implications for business strategies. For example, innovation or digitalization efforts in the company will serve the business better if they target improving sales and keeping the labor force.
Originality/value
This study contributes to closing a gap in business-specific studies on COVID-19. It underlines future research avenues, particularly in emerging issues such as heterogeneity within small business classification and gender studies.
Objetivo
Este artículo estudia las características específicas de las empresas asociadas a la presencia de dificultades financieras en el contexto de la pandemia de COVID-19.
Diseño/metodología/enfoque
Se utilizó un modelo de regresión logística binaria para analizar una muestra aleatoria de 754 empresas en Jalisco, México. Para lograr la parsimonia, se aplicó un proceso de eliminación reversa modificado. La robustez del modelo fue evaluada mediante varios algoritmos de selección de modelos.
Resultados
Los despidos aumentan las probabilidades de estrés para las empresas en 2.9 veces. Ser una microempresa duplica las probabilidades de estrés, mientras que solicitar ayuda gubernamental implica 1.9 veces mayores probabilidades de estrés. Una caída en las ventas anuales en 2021 aumenta en 1.7 veces las probabilidades de considerar un cierre definitivo. Las empresas con mujeres propietarias enfrentaron 1.6 veces mayores probabilidades de estrés; se observa un aumento de estrés similar en las empresas del sector manufacturero y de la construcción. Finalmente, las empresas con una antigüedad de cinco años o menos tienen 1.5 veces más probabilidades de entrar en estrés.
Limitaciones de la investigación
Dada la limitada cobertura geográfica del estudio, la aplicación de los resultados a políticas públicas, incluida su focalización, puede requerir validación externa y un análisis más profundo de los mecanismos económicos locales relevantes, los incentivos y las restricciones.
Implicaciones prácticas
Los hallazgos respaldan la focalización de la política pública ante desastres. Por ejemplo, los programas de ayuda financiera deben priorizar a las empresas que exhiben algunas características identificadas que aumentan su riesgo de experimentar estrés. Los resultados también tienen implicaciones para las estrategias empresariales: los esfuerzos de innovación o digitalización en la empresa servirán mejor si se enfocan en mantener o mejorar las ventas y evitar los despidos.
Originalidad/valor
Este estudio contribuye a cerrar una brecha en los estudios específicos de empresas en el contexto de COVID-19 y subraya futuras líneas de investigación, particularmente en temas emergentes como la heterogeneidad dentro de la clasificación de pequeñas empresas y estudios de género.
Objetivo
Este artigo estuda as características específicas das empresas associadas ao estresse financeiro durante a pandemia de COVID-19.
Desenho
Um modelo de regressão logística binária foi utilizado para analisar uma amostra aleatória de 754 empresas em Jalisco, México. Para alcançar a parcimônia, foi aplicado um processo de eliminação regressiva modificado. A robustez do modelo foi revisada por meio de vários algoritmos de seleção de modelos.
Conclusões
Demissões aumentam as probabilidades de estresse para as empresas em 2,9 vezes. Ser uma microempresa dobra as probabilidades de estresse, enquanto solicitar ajuda governamental implica 1,9 vezes maiores probabilidades. Uma queda nas vendas anuais em 2021 aumenta em 1,7 vezes as probabilidades de fechamento. As empresas lideradas por uma proprietária enfrentaram 1,6 vezes maiores probabilidades de estresse; um aumento similar nas probabilidades às empresas dos setores de manufatura e construção. Finalmente, empresas com idade de cinco anos ou menos tinham 1,5 vezes mais probabilidades de entrar em estresse.
Limitações da pesquisa
Dada a limitada abrangência geográfica do estudo, a aplicação dos resultados a políticas públicas, incluindo sua focalização, pode exigir validação externa e uma análise mais aprofundada dos mecanismos econômicos locais relevantes, dos incentivos e das restrições.
Implicações práticas
Os achados apoiam a orientação da política pública no auxílio em desastres. Por exemplo, programas de ajuda financeira devem priorizar as empresas que apresentam algumas características que aumentam seu risco de experimentar estresse. Os resultados também têm implicações para estratégias empresariais: esforços de inovação ou digitalização na empresa servirão melhor se focarem em melhorar as vendas e manter a força de trabalho.
Originalidade
Este estudo contribui para preencher lacunas em pesquisas específicas sobre empresas e COVID-19, destacando futuras linhas de investigação, como a heterogeneidade na classificação de pequenas empresas e estudos de gênero.
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Luis Raúl Rodríguez-Reyes and Mireya Pasillas
This paper aims to study the effect of the COVID-19 economic slowdown on the restaurant industry in Jalisco, Mexico, identifying business-specific variables that improve/worsen…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to study the effect of the COVID-19 economic slowdown on the restaurant industry in Jalisco, Mexico, identifying business-specific variables that improve/worsen restaurants’ odds of permanent closure.
Design/methodology/approach
The data of a randomized survey on 438 restaurants conducted in October 2020 in Jalisco, Mexico, are analyzed using a binary logistic regression model in which the dependent variable depicts the perception of the restaurant owner regarding the possibility of closing the business for good because of COVID-19.
Findings
Layoffs and large year-on-year drops in sales increased the odds of permanent closure by 12.7 and 5.5 times, respectively. At the same time, being a small business had a protective effect against closure. For instance, a restaurant with 6 to 10 employees and 11 to 20 seats, respectively, had 87.9% and 45.1% lower odds of permanent closure than a different-sized restaurant. There is also an element of legacy in restaurant resilience. Every year the business has been open, it has 2.5% lower odds of permanent closure.
Practical implications
These results call for government financial support to the restaurant industry in extreme financial distress and help to understand the business-specific characteristics of resilient restaurants when liquidity vanishes, such as in the COVID-19 economic crisis.
Originality/value
This study fills a gap in the literature regarding the effect of COVID-19 on the restaurant industry in Mexico, which is scarcely studied. Moreover, it analyzes data collected in the recovery period after the first wave of COVID-19, providing a unique scenario to study critical variables for the resilience of restaurants.
Objetivo
Este documento estudia el efecto de la desaceleración económica de COVID-19 en la industria de restaurantes en Jalisco, México, identificando variables específicas del negocio que mejoran/empeoran las probabilidades de cierre permanente de los restaurantes.
Diseño
Los datos de una encuesta aleatoria sobre 438 restaurantes realizada en octubre de 2020 en Jalisco, México, se analizan utilizando un modelo de regresión logística binaria en el que la variable dependiente representa la percepción del propietario del restaurante con respecto a la posibilidad de cerrar el negocio para siempre debido a COVID-19.
Hallazgos
Los despidos y las grandes caídas interanuales en las ventas aumentaron las posibilidades de cierre permanente en 12.7 y 5.5 veces, respectivamente. Al mismo tiempo, ser una pequeña empresa tenía un efecto protector contra el cierre. Por ejemplo, un restaurante con 6 a 10 empleados y de 11 a 20 asientos, respectivamente, tenía 87.9% y 45.1% menos posibilidades de cierre permanente que un restaurante de diferente tamaño. También hay un elemento de legado en la resiliencia de los restaurantes. Cada año que el negocio ha estado abierto, tiene un 2.5% menos de posibilidades de cierre permanente.
Implicaciones prácticas
Estos resultados respaldan la necesidad de apoyo financiero del gobierno a la industria restaurantera en periodos de dificultades financieras extremas y ayudan a comprender las características específicas de los restaurantes resilientes cuando la liquidez desaparece, como en la crisis económica de COVID-19.
Originalidad
Este estudio llena un vacío en la literatura sobre el estudio del efecto del COVID-19 en la industria de restaurantes en México, que apenas se ha estudiado. Además, analiza datos recolectados en el período de recuperación después de la primera ola de COVID-19, proporcionando un escenario único para estudiar variables clave para la resiliencia de los restaurantes.
Objetivo
Este artigo estuda o efeito da desaceleração econômica COVID-19 na indústria de restaurantes em Jalisco, México, identificando variáveis específicas do negócio que melhoram/pioram as chances de fechamento permanente dos restaurantes.
Desenho
Os dados de uma pesquisa randomizada com 438 restaurantes realizada em outubro de 2020 em Jalisco, no México, são analisados por meio de um modelo de regressão logística binária em que a variável dependente retrata a percepção do dono do restaurante sobre a possibilidade de fechar definitivamente o negócio por causa da COVID-19.
Conclusões
Demissões e grandes quedas ano a ano nas vendas aumentaram as chances de fechamento definitivo em 12,7 e 5,5 vezes, respectivamente. Ao mesmo tempo, ser uma pequena empresa teve um efeito protetor contra o fechamento. Por exemplo, um restaurante com 6 a 10 funcionários e 11 a 20 lugares, respectivamente, teve 87,9% e 45,1% menos chances de fechamento permanente do que um restaurante de tamanho diferente. Há também um elemento de legado na resiliência dos restaurantes. A cada ano que o negócio é aberto, tem chances 2,5% menores de fechamento definitivo.
Implicações práticas
Esses resultados pedem apoio financeiro do governo para o setor de restaurantes em extrema dificuldade financeira e ajudam a entender as características específicas do negócio de restaurantes resilientes quando a liquidez desaparece, como na crise econômica COVID-19.
Originalidade
Este estudo preenche uma lacuna na literatura sobre o estudo do efeito do COVID-19 na indústria de restaurantes no México, que é pouco estudado. Além disso, analisa dados no período de recuperação após a primeira onda de COVID-19, fornecendo um cenário único para estudar variáveis-chave para a resiliência dos restaurantes.
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Luis Raúl Rodríguez-Reyes, Carlos Omar Trejo-Pech and Mireya Pasillas-Torres
The Mexican housing industry was hindered by a shrinking market and tighter financial conditions related to the Great Recession. Moreover, in 2013, a major change in public policy…
Abstract
Purpose
The Mexican housing industry was hindered by a shrinking market and tighter financial conditions related to the Great Recession. Moreover, in 2013, a major change in public policy further modified this industry’s environment. Mexico’s new urban development policy supported inner-city new housing, in contrast to the previous policy that incentivized sprawling. Three out of eight publicly traded housing companies filed for bankruptcy protection in 2013-2014, arguably because of the effects of the Great Recession and the new housing policy. The purpose of this study is to identify firm-level factors that caused some firms to file for bankruptcy protection.
Design/methodology/approach
Three approaches were used to analyze the housing industry in Mexico from 2006 to 2015. First, a policy analysis focused on the new housing policy and its consequences for housebuilding companies. Second, a financial analysis of the two economic shocks was performed in search for the transmission mechanisms in the companies’ financial metrics. Third, a retrospective analysis using the Fisher’s exact test was used to identify variables statistically associated with companies filing for bankruptcy protection.
Findings
There are two features significantly associated with bankruptcy protection: increasing market share while being vertically integrated, as a response to the Great Recession, and the relative magnitude of the loss on firms’ inventory value due to the new public policy. Neither Altman’s Z-score values nor firm size or degree of integration are significantly related to bankruptcy.
Research limitations/implications
The small sample size presented a challenge, as most statistical methodologies require large samples; however, this was overcome by using the Fisher’s exact test.
Originality/value
The main contribution of this paper is the statistical identification of the possible causes for bankruptcy protection in Mexico amongst homebuilding firms in 2013 and 2014, which have not previously been reported in the literature.
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Raul Rodriguez Rodriguez, Raul Poler Escoto, Josefa Mula Bru and Angel Ortiz Bas
The purpose of this research paper is to present a conceptual model for collaborative forecasting management (CFM) developed within a European project's context.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this research paper is to present a conceptual model for collaborative forecasting management (CFM) developed within a European project's context.
Design/methodology/approach
This research follows a constructivist approach. After analysing different frameworks relating to such a thematic, and once their main weaknesses were identified, it was decided to develop the CFM framework that provides collaborative enterprises with a simple, efficient, robust and useful framework.
Findings
The paper describes a CFM model, which finds a place in the extended collaborative supply chain context, where several supply chains collaborate to deliver a product or service pack to final customers, thus forming the so‐called meta‐value chain, creating an extended value proposition.
Practical implications
Even though this proposal has been tested in one of the project's pilots, obtaining good results in terms of achieved and potentially achievable advantages, it should be tested further by implementing it in other collaborative organisations with the main objective of enriching and extending it to other sectors.
Originality/value
The CFM proposal came up as the result of applying innovative ideas between collaborative organisations supported by e‐collaboration practices, creating new paths for other disciplines.
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Juan José Alfaro Saiz, Angel Ortiz Bas and Raúl Rodríguez Rodríguez
The purpose of this research paper is to present a performance measurement system for enterprise networks (PMS‐EN) developed within the context of a European project's context.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this research paper is to present a performance measurement system for enterprise networks (PMS‐EN) developed within the context of a European project's context.
Design/methodology/approach
This research follows a constructivist approach, based on the following activities: recompilation, analysis and study of scientific knowledge, acquisition of main postulates and construction of initial framework.
Findings
This paper describes a performance measurement system called PMS‐EN that can be used for managing performance in the enterprise networks context. After analysing different frameworks relating to such a thematic, and once their main weaknesses were identified, it was decided to develop a PMS that will overcome these difficulties and, at the same time, provide enterprises operating within these environments, with a simple, efficient, robust and useful framework.
Research limitations/implications
This PMS has been built upon the framework called PMS IE‐GIP, but thought could be given to building it upon other frameworks existing within the literature.
Practical implications
Even though this proposal has been successfully applied to an enterprises network, it should be tested further by implementing it to other enterprises networks, with the main objective of enriching and extending it to other sectors.
Originality/value
This paper has described a new performance measurement system called PMS‐EN that can be used for managing performance in the enterprise networks context. It provides enterprises operating in this context a simple, efficient, robust and useful framework. Additionally, it is an efficient and effective tool for creating, managing and monitoring performance measures, in an analytical and graphical way, at both global and individual levels of the enterprise networks, which is lacking in most of the existing frameworks.
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Silvia Marina González-Herrera, Raul Rodriguez Herrera, Mercedes Guadalupe López, Olga Miriam Rutiaga, Cristobal Noe Aguilar, Juan Carlos Contreras Esquivel and Luz Araceli Ochoa Martínez
The purpose of this paper is to explore the variety of food in which it has been applied as a prebiotic and functional ingredient, the concentrations used there in, the tests that…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the variety of food in which it has been applied as a prebiotic and functional ingredient, the concentrations used there in, the tests that have been conducted on these fortified foods and briefly reviews the history and characteristics of inulin.
Design/methodology/approach
The review included articles from 1999-2013. The papers which reported inulin concentrations used, the purpose of the application and tests on final product, were mainly selected. Articles were collected in electronic databases such as Elsevier-Science Direct, Emerald, Springer Link, Wiley and Redalyc.
Findings
The interaction inulin-food with different food matrices is complex, and is not always technologically favorable for the product. Moreover, additional to evaluations of sensory, physicochemical and rheological characteristics, it is essential to carry out measurements in the food, of such characteristics as prebiotic content, and prebiotic activity in vivo and in vitro, and assess potential adverse reactions in order to define suitable doses of consumption.
Originality/value
The paper highlights the importance of conducting in vitro and in vivo testing of potential prebiotic inulin-supplemented food in order to define dose that benefit health and do not cause unacceptable gastrointestinal distress.
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Gabriela González Vaillant and Fernanda Page Poma
This paper analyzes the relationship between the Chilean student movement and state force action during the period 2000–2012, placing specific attention on three waves of student…
Abstract
This paper analyzes the relationship between the Chilean student movement and state force action during the period 2000–2012, placing specific attention on three waves of student contention that took place at the turn of the century. During the decade under study, the Chilean students became more contentious, they broadened their demands beyond specific grievances to encompass a critique to the education system as a whole, their alliance system grew (gaining from these denser networks of collaboration more resources to mobilize), and they managed to win public opinion on their side. However, the relationship with state forces has not been static across time, and both students and state forces have experienced changes in how they interact with each other. The results of this paper are based on a mixed method approach that drew on a quantitative database of student contention in Chile (n = 491 student events) and 15 in-depth interviews with leader activists from the most salient recent Chilean student movements of three periods under study, in addition to some key informants. The findings confirm that when student protests target the government, when they use disruptive strategies that affect the status-quo, and when they mobilize alongside other challenging actors, they are more likely to be met with direct repression by authorities. The research shows that there is a “dialect of repression” at play by which state forces' direct repression of protest can be two-fold: on the one hand, it gives students visibility in the public opinion, but on the other, it can be negative for ushering support if the media and authorities are successful in portraying them as violent or a threat to public order. In this sense, the figure of the “encapuchado,” students who disguise their identity and purposefully seek confrontation with authorities during mobilizations is problematized by the movement itself. How to win public opinion and use that visibility in their favor is related to decision-making mechanisms that the movement puts at play but also to the calculations done on the part of the government and security forces about the leverage of the movement.