Zulfiqar Ali Raza, Aisha Rehman and Rashid Masood
The purpose of this study was to overcome discomfort associated with it, a resin finish was applied in conjunction with hydrophilic polyurethane.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to overcome discomfort associated with it, a resin finish was applied in conjunction with hydrophilic polyurethane.
Design/methodology/approach
The process variables included concentrations of polyurethane and resin finishes, and pH under central composite design (CCD). The fabric specimens were assessed for crease recovery angle (CRA), tensile strength and moisture management properties.
Findings
Some models were developed for prediction of CRA and overall moisture management capability (OMMC) of treated fabric. It was observed that polyurethane concentration showed a parabolic relationship with CRA and a direct relationship with OMMC, whereas resin concentration showed a parabolic relationship with CRA and an inverse relationship with OMMC. Increase in pH from acidic to alkaline resulted in a decrease in CRA but an increase in OMMC. The untreated specimen had the highest tensile strength, whereas the specimen treated with polyurethane showed the least tensile strength loss, and the one treated with resin showed the highest loss in tensile strength.
Practical implications
As the polyurethane-based finish is soft and hydrophilic, so it was expected that it would overcome the uncomfortable feature of durable press finish, and with its flexibility, the strength losses might reduce.
Originality/value
This is the first report about the investigation of effects of increasing flexibility of the cross-link by incorporating polyurethane compounds into a typical dimethylol dihydroxy ethylene urea durable press resin formulation.
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Abdul Azeem, Sharjeel Abid, Noman Sarwar, Shahzaib Ali, Ahsan Maqsood, Rashid Masood and Tanveer Hussain
The purpose of this study is to improve the mechanical properties and reduce the stiffness/harshness of fabric associated with the pigment dyeing of textiles.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to improve the mechanical properties and reduce the stiffness/harshness of fabric associated with the pigment dyeing of textiles.
Design/methodology/approach
The fabric was pigment dyed with the addition of three different softeners and binders. The fabric was then analyzed to have improved textile properties by measuring tear strength, bending length, crocking and washing fastness tests.
Findings
The conventional route of pigment dyeing (without any softener) imparted poor mechanical and rubbing fastness. The softener-added recipe provided better mechanical, rubbing and washing fastness, and the stiffness values were oppressed as well.
Practical implications
Because of reduced stiffness, increased fastness and mechanical properties, the use of softener with pigment dyeing can improve the market values and satisfaction of the dyed fabrics. The finished product would also have better life and endurance. The process can be modified easily to have a better end-product with a negligible cost addition in industrial process, as softeners are cheap and used in low (10-20 g/l) in industrial settings without affecting the required shades.
Originality/value
This is the first report, to the best of the author’s knowledge, on the optimization of pigment dyeing of PC fabric with the addition of Helizarin and perapret softeners in dyeing bath.
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Zulfiqar Ali Raza, Faiza Anwar, Irshad Hussain, Sharjeel Abid, Rashid Masood and Hafiz Shahzad Maqsood
This study aimed to present fabrication of novel poly(lactic acid) (PLA) mediated chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) and their impregnation on cotton fabric for enhanced antibacterial…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to present fabrication of novel poly(lactic acid) (PLA) mediated chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) and their impregnation on cotton fabric for enhanced antibacterial and physical properties.
Design/methodology/approach
The PLA-CNPs were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and zeta size analysis. The prepared PLA-CNPs were impregnated on cotton fabric via pad-dry-cure method. The finished cotton fabric was then characterized for its antibacterial activity, functional and other physical textile properties.
Findings
The spectral and optical properties demonstrate that the NPs expressed spherical morphologies with an average particle diameter of 88.02 nm. The antibacterial activity of treated fabrics ranged between 75 and 90 per cent depending on the concentration of PLA-CNPs.
Practical implications
Because of enhanced awareness and desire for ecofriendly products, the use of sustainable and functional textiles is increasing day by day. For the said purpose, industries are using different chemical treatments to achieve desired end functionality. Currently, different synthetic antibacterial agents are in practice, but they lack sustainable approach to save the environment. In this study, the researchers have developed PLA mediated CNPs for sustainable antibacterial and physical properties of treated cotton fabric.
Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is first attempt to fabricate PLA-incorporated CNPs for application on cotton fabric followed by a detailed characterization.
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Ghassan Adhab Atiyah, Ahmed Ismael Ibrahim and Ahmed Abdulkhudhur Jasim
This research aims to explore the complexities surrounding smart contracts enforcements in cross-jurisdictional transactions.
Abstract
Purpose
This research aims to explore the complexities surrounding smart contracts enforcements in cross-jurisdictional transactions.
Design/methodology/approach
To achieve the aim of this study, doctrinal legal analysis was adopted. Although the subject is multidisciplinary, the aspect of enforcement in cross-jurisdictional transactions from legislative analysis does not require a technical method to be analysed, hence the adoption of this method. Where relevant legal academic journal articles were sourced and analysed along different legislative frameworks in some jurisdictions under review. To determine the legality of smart contracts, applicable law and court with jurisdiction to enforce blockchain smart contract disputes.
Findings
It was discovered that there remain fundamental questions regarding jurisdiction, applicable law and enforcement. Due to the problem of a uniform legislation to manage smart contract transactions.
Research limitations/implications
This study limits itself to the legality of smart contracts within a conflict of laws, and it propels the need for either a choice of domestic legislation for parties to be bound or the adoption of a universal legal framework for all smart contract formation through an international treaty or convention that has a binding effect on contracting parties to a smart contract.
Originality/value
This study highlights the fact that the key elements of smart contracts within traditional contract requirements as provided in domestic legislation vary across jurisdictions. This variation results not only in conflict of law but also affects enforcement in cases of dispute in the contractual terms.
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Sara Giganto, Susana Martínez-Pellitero, Eduardo Cuesta, Pablo Zapico and Joaquín Barreiro
Among the different methodologies used for performance control in precision manufacturing, the measurement of metrological test artefacts becomes very important for the…
Abstract
Purpose
Among the different methodologies used for performance control in precision manufacturing, the measurement of metrological test artefacts becomes very important for the characterization, optimization and performance evaluation of additive manufacturing (AM) systems. The purpose of this study is to design and manufacture several benchmark artefacts to evaluate the accuracy of the selective laser melting (SLM) manufacturing process.
Design/methodology/approach
Artefacts consist of different primitive features (planes, cylinders and hemispheres) on sloped planes (0°, 15°, 30°, 45°) and stair-shaped and sloped planes (from 0° to 90°, at 5° intervals), manufactured in 17-4PH stainless steel. The artefacts were measured optically by a structured light scanner to verify the geometric dimensioning and tolerancing of SLM manufacturing.
Findings
The results provide design recommendations for precision SLM manufacturing of 17-4PH parts. Regarding geometrical accuracy, it is recommended to avoid surfaces with 45° negative slopes or higher. On the other hand, the material shrinkage effect can be compensated by resizing features according to X and Y direction.
Originality/value
No previous work has been found that evaluates accuracy when printing inwards (pockets) and outwards (pads) geometries at different manufacturing angles using SLM. The proposed artefacts can be used to determine the manufacturing accuracy of different AM systems by resizing to fit the build envelope of the system to evaluate. Analysis of manufactured benchmark artefacts allows to determine rules for the most suitable design of the desired parts.
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Asma Abdul Rehman and Omar Masood
The purpose of this paper is to determine the selection criteria for Islamic banks employed by customers in a dual banking system, as in the case of Pakistan, and to know the…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to determine the selection criteria for Islamic banks employed by customers in a dual banking system, as in the case of Pakistan, and to know the overall satisfaction of the customers with Islamic banks.
Design/methodology/approach
This is a survey‐based study conducted on the primary data collected through structured questionnaire. In total, 23 variables are identified from the literature which are reduced to eight main variables by using factor analysis in SPSS. Data are gathered from 200 customers of full‐fledged Islamic banks in Pakistan, i.e. Meezan bank, Bank Islami and Dubai Islamic bank, Al‐Baraka Islamic bank, Burj Bank Ltd The data have been analyzed in two models: the first includes the selection criteria according to gender; the second includes the overall customer's preferences for selection criteria.
Findings
The results reveal that the most important factors are “Religious factors” and “Convenient location” that customers consider while selecting an Islamic bank. Other important factors include “Secure feeling” by customer, “Quality related issues” and “Efficiency of bank”.
Research limitations/implications
The data used in this study are limited, so the generalization of the results is not possible. Also the study is conducted on the full‐fledged Islamic banks and it has ignored the Islamic Windows.
Practical implications
Considering the importance of the topic, this research has identified the selection criteria that are considered by the customer while selecting an Islamic bank. It will help banks to improve the criteria said and considered by customers while selecting a bank. This research will be of interest to both serving banks and potential entrants into this niche market.
Originality/value
The literature shows that patronize factors of Islamic banks are an under‐researched area in Pakistan. So, this paper will contribute to the body of knowledge by identifying the Islamic banking selection criteria considered by the customers.
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Muhammad Amir Rashid, Masood Nawaz Kalyar and Imran Shafique
This research aims to investigate the contingent effect of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and strategic decision responsiveness (SDR) on the link of market orientation (MO) and…
Abstract
Purpose
This research aims to investigate the contingent effect of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and strategic decision responsiveness (SDR) on the link of market orientation (MO) and performance of women-owned small and medium-sized enterprises (WSMEs).
Design/methodology/approach
Data were collected from 909 WSMEs of Punjab province Pakistan through survey questionnaire. Hierarchical regression is employed to perform the analysis.
Findings
Results reveal that although higher-level dimensions of MO directly affect the WSMEs performance, however this linkage becomes stronger under SDR and higher-level dimensions of EO.
Practical implications
Managers should emphasis on the demonstration of EO's dimensions and SDR to utilize the full potential of MO to promote WSMEs performance.
Originality/value
To study the contingent effect of SDR and EO's dimensions in the MO–WSMEs performance nexus is the novelty of this study.
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Huda Hussain and Marne De Vries
This study aims to investigate the combined use of System Dynamics (SD) applications in Enterprise Engineering (EE) research and practice. SD application in EE is becoming widely…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to investigate the combined use of System Dynamics (SD) applications in Enterprise Engineering (EE) research and practice. SD application in EE is becoming widely accepted as a tool to support decision-making processes and for capturing relationships within enterprises.
Design/methodology/approach
A systematic literature review (SLR) is conducted using a standard SLR method to provide a comprehensive review of existing literature. The search was conducted on ten platforms identifying 30 publications which were analysed through the use and development of a codebook.
Findings
The SLR showed that 90% of the result set consisted of peer-reviewed academic conferences and journal papers. The SLR identified a highly dispersed author set of 83 authors. Amongst these authors, Vinay Kulkarni was an active author who has co-authored up to four publications in this research area. The analysis further revealed that the combined use of SD applications and EE is an emerging research area that still needs to develop in maturity. While all phases of EE have received attention, the current research work is more focused on the design phase. The important gap between model development and implementation is identified.
Originality/value
The study elucidates the existing status of interdisciplinary research combining techniques from the SD and EE disciplines, suggesting future research topics that combine the strengths of these existing disciplines.
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Norbani Che-Ha, Zalfa Laili Hamzah, Mohd Edil Abd Sukor, Saad Mohd Said and Komala Veeriah
Islamic banking contributes significantly to the total assets of Malaysian banking sector. Yet, many argue that Islamic banking in Malaysia does not receive satisfactory support…
Abstract
Purpose
Islamic banking contributes significantly to the total assets of Malaysian banking sector. Yet, many argue that Islamic banking in Malaysia does not receive satisfactory support and participation from the public mainly due to poor awareness of its products and services and misconception about the Islamic banking system. It is timely to study consumers’ awareness of Islamic banking in the hopes of providing useful strategies for and assistance with marketing plans. This study is to explore consumer awareness towards Islamic banking products and services across a diverse set of demographic variables.
Methodology/approach
A quantitative approach was used in this study. A total of 1,000 questionnaires were distributed via convenience and snowballing sampling method to bank customers in a public university in Malaysia, and 817 responses from the survey were used for the analysis. Descriptive and non-parametric statistics were employed to answer objectives of this study.
Findings
The findings of this study are anticipated to provide a holistic and comprehensive marketing insight to improve and strengthen Islamic banking in Malaysia.
Originality/value
This study examines the role of demographics such age, gender, race/religion, education level, occupation and income level in trying to understand the issues of Islamic banks’ product awareness. It is well accepted that the consumer’s attitude or behaviour should be studied among others through understanding customers’ demographics.
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Muhammad Ali and Chin-Hong Puah
This study aims to investigate the factors that determine the customer adoption of Islamic banking in Pakistan.
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to investigate the factors that determine the customer adoption of Islamic banking in Pakistan.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper aims to use a sample of 540 Islamic bank customers located in the biggest city of Pakistan (Karachi). This study is based on the diffusion of innovation (DOI) theory and analyzed the role of five attributes (compatibility, relative advantage, complexity, observability and trialability) along with the consumer awareness about the customer adoption of Islamic banking. Additionally, the present research also considers Islamic banking as a new idea (innovation) in Pakistan under the framework of DOI theoretical assumptions. The exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses are applied to the sample data. The theoretical framework is then tested using structural equation modeling.
Findings
The findings of the study revealed that all five attributes of the DOI theory are positively and significantly related to the customer adoption of Islamic banking. The customer awareness also proved its importance in the hypothesized model by representing a positive and significant relationship.
Originality/value
The present study provides a useful guideline for the Islamic bank managers and the academicians to better understand the customer adoption of Islamic banking.