Search results

This study aims to demonstrate that gamification applied to an environmental behavior can create a habit. For this, it is necessary to determine the connection between traveler satisfaction and the different kinds of stimulus (extrinsic, intrinsic and internalized extrinsic).

Survey data was gathered from gamers invited to answer a questionnaire after using an app in field experimentation in pilot cities in France, Spain and Portugal designated by the UrbanWaste committee (European Project). All data were studied using path equation modeling in AMOS software to test the study's dimensions and proposed research model.

This study showed that, although gamification tools may be necessary to generate a habit in the first phase, these tools are superfluous when this habit is internalized.

This study's originality lies in the relationship between traveler satisfaction with gamification and the generation of an environmental practice that also contributes to forming a positive image of the host destination.

本研究旨在证明游戏化在环境行为中的应用可促使环保习惯的形成。因此, 了解游客满意度和不同种类刺激 （外在的、内在的和内化的外在的）的关系十分重要。

在UrbanWaste委员会（欧洲项目）指定的法国、西班牙和葡萄牙的试点城市进行现场实验后, 研究小组从受邀答题的玩家中收集调查数据。所有数据都使用Amos软件中的路径方程建模进行研究, 以此来测试研究的维度和先前提出的研究模型。

本研究表明, 尽管游戏化工具可能在第一阶段是形成环保习惯所必需的, 但当这种习惯被内化时, 这些游戏化工具是多余的。

本研究的独创性在于了解游客游戏化满意度与环保行为产生的关系。这种环保行为同时有助于景区建立正面积极的形象。

The purpose of this paper is to examine the role played by the visual arts in expressing and shaping the nation brand. In doing so, it establishes the centrality of visual discourse in nation branding; illustrating that discursive strategies can directly alter the nation brand’s perception.

This single case study drawing on in-depth interviews, field observation and secondary/historical material, applies mediated discourse analysis and critical discourse analysis to capture a transitional period in the cultural policies and nation branding rhetoric across a time frame of 60 years.

This study establishes the visual arts as a significant carrier of meaning, thus reflecting changes in the national discourse. This analysis illustrates that publicly supported visual arts can articulate policy aspirations and provide insight into the power of competing national discourse which co-exists, thereby shaping the internal and external nation brand.

The study focuses on the visual arts and the context of Venezuela. Future research could expand this to look at the visual arts in other national or regional contexts.

The paper establishes visual art as central to expressing national identity and policy, and a tool for examination of national identity and policy. More broadly, the paper establishes public support for the (visual) arts as central to nation-branding projects providing insight for those engaged in such campaigns to prioritize arts funding.

The authors’ study indicates the marketing relevance of visualization of the nation through the arts and establishes the visual arts as a central tenant of the nation brand.

This paper explores the sociological, economic, and political reasons for the collapse of Venezuela's 40-year “pacted” democracy, the eight-year conflict between the country's new president and the opposition, where this conflict has led Venezuela, and what its prospects are for the near future. It proposes that the collapse of Venezuela's “ancien regime” can best be understood by an examination of the impact the rise and fall of oil prices had on its economy, society, and polity. A 20-year economic decline led to the election of Hugo Chavez, a radical outsider, who refused to play along with the country's old political class. This class, in turn, refused to accept Chavez as the legitimately elected president and launched the country on an eight-year roller-coaster ride of counter-revolution and radicalization, which recently ended with the reelection of Chavez and a massive popular endorsement for the establishment of “21st century socialism” in Venezuela. Exactly what such a project means is still unclear, but it so far involves state support for self-managed workplaces and an anti-capitalist and participatory democratic state in the midst of a still functioning capitalist economy. With the apparent defeat of obstacles that are external to the Bolivarian movement, as the pro-Chavez movement is called, such as the domestic opposition and U.S. intervention, the movement is now forced to confront its internal obstacles, such as clientelism, corruption, and personalism, if it is to succeed in the long run.

This study aims to identify how Spanish consumers’ extrinsic preferences for food have evolved by examining the extant literature on food preferences in Spain, focusing on food-related attributes and food-related values.

This study is based on a synthetic review of the extant academic literature on Spanish consumer preferences for food-related attributes and food-related values from the mid-20th to the 21st century. This study uses key economic and social milestones that are most likely to influence food value chain actors to show how consumer preferences have evolved over the study period.

Spanish consumer food attribute preferences expanded as the food sector of the nation continued to grow, and value preferences showed a similar pattern from the mid-20th to the 21st century. The drivers of these preferences were trust, lifestyle, education (campaigns), sociodemographic factors and purchasing power.

Evaluating the extant literature’s contribution to consumer preferences for food-related attributes and values is important because it can aid in understanding the hierarchy and variety of consumers’ food preferences as well as the factors that drive these preferences. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to explore how Spanish consumer preferences evolved between the mid-20th and 21st centuries.

This chapter addresses the political process of Venezuelan industrial relations and the consequences of this process for the worker’s movement. In the 1960s and 1970s, Venezuela was considered an emblem of political stability and consensus among the elite (Ellner, 1993, p. xvii). These were times of 90% electoral participation and growth of the labor movement. In the 1990s, however, signs of dissension among the elite and substantial growth of poverty began to appear, and the decade ended with the bloodiest popular explosion in the modern history of the country, known in Spanish as the “sacudón” or “caracazo.” This event left the country traumatized after witnessing exceptional violence toward public and private property by the poorest citizens, eventually leaving a balance of more than a thousand lives lost after the intervention of the army, called to quell the vandalism that had overflowed to civil and police forces.

This paper aims to examine the differential effects of gamified loyalty programmes and conventional loyalty programmes on customer engagement behaviours.

A 2 × 2 × 2 experiment was conducted that manipulated gamification (gamified vs non-gamified), reward levels (high vs low) and reward type (economic vs social). Data collected from a sample of 315 individuals were analysed through partial least squares and tests of means.

Gamification can improve the attractiveness of loyalty programmes by influencing perceptions of playfulness and reward satisfaction. In fact, gamification lowers the importance that customers attach to reward levels. As a result, customers perceive higher hedonic and utilitarian value, which positively influences their engagement behaviours.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is one of the first studies to attempt to empirically analyse whether incorporating gamification into loyalty programmes influences customer engagement behaviours in the hospitality context.

本文研究了游戏化忠诚计划和传统忠诚计划对顾客参与行为的不同影响。

本文进行了2 x 2 x 2实验, 操纵了游戏化（游戏化 vs 非游戏化）、奖励水平（高 vs 低）和奖励类型（经济 vs 社交）。通过对315名个体样本收集的数据进行PLS（偏最小二乘）和均值测试进行分析。

游戏化可以通过影响玩味感和奖励满足感来提高忠诚计划的吸引力。实际上, 游戏化降低了顾客对奖励水平的重视程度。因此, 顾客感知到更高的享乐和功利价值, 从而积极地影响了他们的参与行为。

本研究首次尝试在酒店业背景下经验性地分析将游戏化纳入忠诚计划是否影响顾客参与行为。