Mohd Faizan, Raees Ahmad Khan and Alka Agrawal
Cryptomarkets on the dark web have emerged as a hub for the sale of illicit drugs. They have made it easier for the customers to get access to illicit drugs online while ensuring…
Abstract
Cryptomarkets on the dark web have emerged as a hub for the sale of illicit drugs. They have made it easier for the customers to get access to illicit drugs online while ensuring their anonymity. The easy availability of potentially harmful drugs has resulted in a significant impact on public health. Consequently, law enforcement agencies put a lot of effort and resources into shutting down online markets on the dark web. A lot of research work has also been conducted to understand the working of customers and vendors involved in the cryptomarkets that may help the law enforcement agencies. In this research, we present a ranking methodology to identify and rank top markets dealing in harmful illicit drugs. Using named entity recognition, a harm score of a drug market is calculated to indicate the degree of threat followed by the ranking of drug markets. The top-ranked markets are the ones selling the most harmful drugs. The rankings thus obtained can be helpful to law enforcement agencies by locating specific markets selling harmful illicit drugs and their further monitoring.
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Muhammad Ijaz Khan, Sohail Ahmad Khan, Tasawar Hayat, Muhammad Faisal Javed and Muhammad Waqas
This paper aims to address the flow features of Ree–Eyring fluid between two rotating disks subject to the magnetic field. Heat transfer features are discussed through viscous…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to address the flow features of Ree–Eyring fluid between two rotating disks subject to the magnetic field. Heat transfer features are discussed through viscous dissipation and nonlinear thermal radiation. Impact of thermophoresis and Brownian movement are elaborated. Physical characteristics of entropy generation optimization in nanofluid with homogeneous and heterogeneous chemical reaction are discussed.
Design/methodology/approach
The nonlinear system leads to ordinary one through the implementation of adequate transformation and then tackled analytically for a convergent series solution by homotopy analysis method.
Findings
The prime objective of the present research has been given to investigate entropy generation in Ree–Eyring fluid flow between two rotating disks subjected to the magnetic field. Vital features, namely, Brownian motion and thermophoresis have been addressed. Total entropy rate is computed using the second law of thermodynamics.
Originality/value
No such work yet exists in the literature.
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Muhammad Ijaz Khan, Sohail Ahmad Khan, Tasawar Hayat, Muhammad Faisal Javed and Ahmed Alsaedi
This study aims to examine the flow characteristics of Ree–Eyring fluid between two rotating disks. The characteristics of heat transfer are discussed in presence of viscous…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to examine the flow characteristics of Ree–Eyring fluid between two rotating disks. The characteristics of heat transfer are discussed in presence of viscous dissipation, heat source/sink and nonlinear radiative heat flux.
Design/methodology/approach
Nonlinear flow expressions lead to ordinary ones through adequate similarity transformations. The ordinary differential system has been tackled through optimal homotopic method. The impact of different flow variables on the velocity field, entropy generation rate and temperature fields is graphically discussed. The surface drag force and heat transfer rate are numerically examined via various pertinent parameters.
Findings
By minimization of values of stretching parameter and Brinkman number, the entropy generation rate can be controlled. The entropy generation rate enhances for higher values of magnetic parameter, while the Bejan number is decreased via magnetic parameter.
Originality/value
No such work is yet published in the literature.
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The concept of smart city has been adopted by various cities across the world. As urbanization is enlarging at a flying pace, the number of cities that engage the smart city…
Abstract
The concept of smart city has been adopted by various cities across the world. As urbanization is enlarging at a flying pace, the number of cities that engage the smart city concept is to rise, including in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. This chapter discusses issues related to the development of (Islamic) smart cities in the GCC countries to create sustainable well-being through ecological and environmental resilience. This issue starts from the conflict between economic and human development on the one hand and ecological and environmental resilience on the other hand as one of the fundamental challenges of sustainable development. The higher the Human Development Index (HDI),, the higher the ecological footprint. Likewise, in the GCC region, all member countries are classified as Very High Human Development; however, all of these countries have a high ecological footprint. Therefore, through a literature study, this chapter focuses on investigating the development of (Islamic) smart cities in the GCC countries in reducing ecological footprints through a circular economy innovation with the support of technology and a digitally-enabled community in creating ecological and environmental resilience. This chapter provides valuable insight into the implementation of the (Islamic) smart cities in the GCC region in taking a global strategic role in green transition through the circular economy to transform their region toward sustainable well-being and become a symbol of sustainable smart global Islamic civilization.
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K. Ramesh and Sartaj Ahmad Eytoo
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the three fundamental flows (namely, both the plates moving in opposite directions, the lower plate is moving and other is at rest, and…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the three fundamental flows (namely, both the plates moving in opposite directions, the lower plate is moving and other is at rest, and both the plates moving in the direction of flow) of the Ree-Eyring fluid between infinitely parallel plates with the effects of magnetic field, porous medium, heat transfer, radiation and slip boundary conditions. Moreover, the intention of the study is to examine the effect of different physical parameters on the fluid flow.
Design/methodology/approach
The mathematical modeling is performed on the basis of law of conservation of mass, momentum and energy equation. The modeling of the present problem is considered in Cartesian coordinate system. The governing equations are non-dimensionalized using appropriate dimensionless quantities in all the mentioned cases. The closed-form solutions are presented for the velocity and temperature profiles.
Findings
The graphical results are presented for the velocity and temperature distributions with the pertinent parameters of interest. It is observed from the present results that the velocity is a decreasing function of Hartmann number. Temperature increases with the increase of Ree-Eyring fluid parameter, radiation parameter and temperature slip parameter.
Originality/value
First time in the literature, the authors obtained closed-form solutions for the fundamental flows of Ree-Erying fluid between infinitely parallel plates with the effects of magnetic field, porous medium, heat transfer, radiation and slip boundary conditions. Moreover, the results of this paper are new and original.
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Muhammad Ijaz Khan, Sohail Ahmad Khan, Tasawar Hayat, Muhammad Waqas and Ahmed Alsaedi
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the entropy optimization in magnetohydrodynamic hybrid nanomaterials flows toward a stretchable surface. The energy expression is…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the entropy optimization in magnetohydrodynamic hybrid nanomaterials flows toward a stretchable surface. The energy expression is modeled subject to dissipation, heat generation/absorption and Joule heating. Here silicon dioxide (SiO2) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) as nanoparticles and propylene glycol (C3H8O2) as base fluid, respectively. Furthermore, the authors discussed the comparative study of molybdenum disulfide and silicon dioxide diluted in propylene glycol. The total entropy optimization rate is computed through implementation of the second law of thermodynamics.
Design/methodology/approach
The nonlinear partial differential system is reduced to an ordinary one through implementation of transformation. Newton built-in shooting method is used for computational results for the given system. Influences of various flow variables on the temperature, Bejan number, velocity, concentration and entropy generation rate are examined graphically for both nanoparticles (SiO2 and MoS2). Gradients of velocity and temperature are computed numerically for various physical parameters. Also, take the comparison between the present and previously published results in tabulated form.
Findings
For higher estimation of ϕ both temperature and velocity are enhanced. Entropy optimization and Bejan number have the opposite outcome for viscosity parameter. Temperature and velocity have opposite behaviors for larger values of magnetic parameter. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is more efficient than silicon dioxide (SiO2).
Originality/value
No such work is yet published in the literature.
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Robert Kurniawan, Novan Adi Adi Nugroho, Ahmad Fudholi, Agung Purwanto, Bagus Sumargo, Prana Ugiana Gio and Sri Kuswantono Wongsonadi
The purpose of this paper is to determine the effect of the industrial sector, renewable energy consumption and nonrenewable energy consumption in Indonesia on the ecological…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to determine the effect of the industrial sector, renewable energy consumption and nonrenewable energy consumption in Indonesia on the ecological footprint from 1990 to 2020 in the short and long term.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper uses vector error correction model (VECM) analysis to examine the relationship in the short and long term. In addition, the impulse response function is used to enable future forecasts up to 2060 of the ecological footprint as a measure of environmental degradation caused by changes or shocks in industrial value-added, renewable energy consumption and nonrenewable energy consumption. Furthermore, forecast error decomposition of variance (FEVD) analysis is carried out to predict the percentage contribution of each variable’s variance to changes in a specific variable. Granger causality testing is used to enhance the analysis outcomes within the framework of VECM.
Findings
Using VECM analysis, the speed of adjustment for environmental damage is quite high in the short term, at 246%. This finding suggests that when there is a short-term imbalance in industrial value-added, renewable energy consumption and nonrenewable energy consumption, the ecological footprint experiences a very rapid adjustment, at 246%, to move towards long-term balance. Then, in the long term, the ecological footprint in Indonesia is most influenced by nonrenewable energy consumption. This is also confirmed by the Granger causality test and the results of FEVD, which show that the contribution of nonrenewable energy consumption will be 10.207% in 2060 and will be the main contributor to the ecological footprint in the coming years to achieve net-zero emissions in 2060. In the long run, renewable energy consumption has a negative effect on the ecological footprint, whereas industrial value-added and nonrenewable energy consumption have a positive effect.
Originality/value
For the first time, value added from the industrial sector is being used alongside renewable and nonrenewable energy consumption to measure Indonesia’s ecological footprint. The primary cause of Indonesia’s alarming environmental degradation is the industrial sector, which acts as the driving force behind this issue. Consequently, this contribution is expected to inform the policy implications required to achieve zero carbon emissions by 2060, aligned with the G20 countries’ Bali agreement of 2022.
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R. Sivaraj, I.L. Animasaun, A.S. Olabiyi, S. Saleem and N. Sandeep
The purpose of this paper is to provide an insight into the influence of gyrotactic microorganisms and Hall effect on the boundary layer flow of 29 nm CuO-water mixture on the…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide an insight into the influence of gyrotactic microorganisms and Hall effect on the boundary layer flow of 29 nm CuO-water mixture on the upper pointed surface of a rocket, over the bonnet of a car and upper pointed surface of an aircraft. This is true since all these objects are examples of an object with variable thickness.
Design/methodology/approach
The simplification of Rosseland approximation (Taylor series expansion of T4 about T∞) is avoided; thus, two different parameters relating to the study of nonlinear thermal radiation are obtained. The governing equation is non-dimensionalized, parameterized and solved numerically.
Findings
Maximum vertical and horizontal velocities of the 29 nm CuO-water nanofluid flow is guaranteed at a small value of Peclet number and large value of buoyancy parameter depending on the temperature difference. When the magnitude of thickness parameter χ is small, cross-flow velocity decreases with the velocity index and the opposite effect is observed when the magnitude of χ is large.
Originality/value
Directly or indirectly, the importance of the fluid flow which contains 29 nm CuO nanoparticle, water, and gyrotactic microorganisms in the presence of Hall current has been pointed out as an open question in the literature due to its relevance in imaging, ophthalmological and translational medicine informatics.