Ishfaq Ahmed, Rabia Afzal and Siti Zaleha Abdul Rasid
Recent literature has focused on the outcomes associated with employee performance, but how and when it leads to work-related outcomes further is an area that has not gained due…
Abstract
Purpose
Recent literature has focused on the outcomes associated with employee performance, but how and when it leads to work-related outcomes further is an area that has not gained due attention. Against this backdrop, this study entails investigating the effects of employee performance on their taking-charge behavior through the mediation of leader–member exchange (LMX) and the leader's task-oriented behavior's moderating role.
Design/methodology/approach
Using a questionnaire-based survey design, the study is based on a sample of 304 employees of pharmaceutical companies' sales departments. The two-stage lag approach has been used for data collection, where leader–follower dyads participated in the study.
Findings
The study's findings reveal that better-performing employees are considered in-group members by their leaders, and the presence of high LMX makes employees reciprocate by adopting charge behavior. Furthermore, a leader's task-oriented behavior fosters the performance – LMX and performance – taking charge relationship mediated through LMX, a moderated mediation mechanism exists.
Originality/value
The study offers a novel explanation by considering employee performance as a predictor instead of an outcome variable. Furthermore, recent literature has considered adverse outcomes of performance, while this study considers the positive aspects of employee performance (i.e. LMX and charge behavior). It also offers the role of both employee- and leader-specific factors in determining the LMX relationship.
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Ishfaq Ahmed, Talat Islam, Rabia Afzal, Imlak Iqbal and Muhammad Asim Faheem
The authors examined how employee led exchange benefits the organizations. Specifically, the authors aim at investigating the mediating role of family supportive supervision…
Abstract
Purpose
The authors examined how employee led exchange benefits the organizations. Specifically, the authors aim at investigating the mediating role of family supportive supervision between employee performance and taking charge behavior. The authors further examined leader-member exchange (LMX) as a boundary condition between employee performance and family supportive supervision.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors collected data from 295 employees and their supervisors working in various public sector organizations of Pakistan on a convenience basis. Specifically, data on family supportive supervision and LMX was collected from employees; whereas, data on employee performance and taking charge was collected from their supervisors between June–September 2021.
Findings
The statistical analysis reveals that high-performing employees are reciprocated by the high family-supportive supervision which increases their work-life balance and they further reciprocate by showing a propensity to take charge. In addition, LMX is noted to strengthen the association between employees' performance and family supportive supervision.
Practical implications
This study explains how managers can extend the stream of employees' performance by highlighting the role of family-supportive supervision and LMX. The managers through high LMX and provision of family-supportive supervision can boost the employees' outcomes from job performance to extra-role performance (i.e. taking charge).
Originality/value
This study adds value to the existing body of knowledge by considering performance as a predictor of various organizational-level consequences. Recent studies have considered the negative consequences of employees' performance, while the positive aspect has been called for an investigation.
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Muhammad Imran Afzal, Sanaullah Al.Azhari, Rabia Kishwer and Syed Bilawal Ali Shah
The growth of sustainable tourism has emerged as a major topic of discussion on a global scale, and the hospitality industry is playing a crucial part in the achievement of this…
Abstract
The growth of sustainable tourism has emerged as a major topic of discussion on a global scale, and the hospitality industry is playing a crucial part in the achievement of this goal. The hospitality industry in China is experiencing rapid growth, and with the assistance of artificial intelligence (AI), the country may be able to realize sustainable growth in the tourism sector. Within the context of the Chinese hospitality industry, this chapter investigated the role AI plays in promoting sustainable tourism and how the Chinese government is supporting the hospitality industry in doing so. Sustainable tourism practices increase travellers' trip experiences while protecting the environment and local people; however, China could invest more in AI technology to promote sustainable tourism, which might benefit the economy, environment and society. This chapter examines AI deployment in the Chinese hotel industry and its challenges and benefits. AI technology can increase service quality, operational efficiency and hospitality operators' competitiveness, according to the authors. AI application requires careful consideration of employee training, ethics and customer privacy.
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Alhamzah Alnoor, Gül Erkol Bayram, Chew XinYing and Syed Haider Ali Shah
This book is essential for anyone in artificial intelligence (AI) and destination management in the tourism industry or government. The book includes both theoretical and…
Abstract
This book is essential for anyone in artificial intelligence (AI) and destination management in the tourism industry or government. The book includes both theoretical and practical writings for stakeholders. In all chapters, we provide titles including AI, regenerative and green destinations, sustainable tourism, tourist motivations and expectations, good examples of smart destinations and regions, the regeneration of the tourism industry via AI, rethinking tourism activities and products, current issues in robots, self-service technology, effect of pandemic on smart destinations, sustainable gastronomy and regenerative tourism and tourism issues are discussed in the management plans of the centralisation. This book provides cases and empirical studies that deal in depth with the current situation, challenges, solutions and future strategies after technological development of tourism and increasing interest on smart destinations from a responsible perspective, for readers with an equitable interest or involvement with the organizations in inquiry.
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The purpose of this study is to review the literature related to the influence of revenue diversification on banking sector performance. Further, the determination of the scope…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to review the literature related to the influence of revenue diversification on banking sector performance. Further, the determination of the scope and the empirical estimation of the revenue diversification is also the area of investigation to synthesis with future research area.
Design/methodology/approach
The systemic literature review process used by Opoku et al. (2015) is applied. In total, 68 Journal articles are studied after applying specified review protocols. The information gathered from the selected articles is presented and summarized in specified tables and charts formats for easy understanding.
Findings
The comprehensive literature review showed that much of the work in this area is done in the USA and the Asian region. To explore the impact of revenue diversification on banking performance in developing countries is a literature gap. While going through the existing literature, it is clear that researchers have not reached at any conclusion about the exact impact of revenue diversification on banking performance. It is also found that non-interest income ratio and Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI) (revenue) index are the most common proxies of revenue diversification. However, other studies also input the HHI (loans) index, number of ATM’s and number of branches as a proxy for diversification.
Research limitations
This systematic literature review is based on specific review protocols, and therefore, it might be possible that some of the important work is not included in it due to time restrictions.
Originality/value
The banking sector has shown tremendous growth in revenue sources in past two decades. Keeping in view the importance of the banking sector within an economy, the dramatic shift of revenue sources and their impact is important to determine that eventually will help to define the future research area. In past research studies, there exists clear disagreement about the possible impact of revenue diversification on banking performance. This systemic literature review is an attempt to draw conclusions about the exact impact of revenue diversification. Therefore, the outcome of the study will be very valuable for both banking practitioners and academicians.