The origins and growth of any industry can be traced to a number of major impelling forces. In the case of any given industry, therefore, it may be possible to throw some light on…
Abstract
The origins and growth of any industry can be traced to a number of major impelling forces. In the case of any given industry, therefore, it may be possible to throw some light on probable future developments by studying the history of its evolution from its origins right up to the present time. By this means, some assessment may be achieved as to the future requirements of the industry and as to what policy should be supported in order to meet these requirements in the best way. In particular, it may be possible to discern specific trends and to foresee the speed at which these should come to maturity, what obstacles may be encountered, and how best to prepare for such difficulties in advance.
In approaching the problem of languages—of how they affect communications in general and documentation in particular—there is a strong temptation to draw an analogy with the…
Abstract
In approaching the problem of languages—of how they affect communications in general and documentation in particular—there is a strong temptation to draw an analogy with the wheelbarrow (but with apologies to the wheelbarrow, which did in fact represent an advanced development in the evolution of transport). Language is nothing more than the wheelbarrow stage in communications, and there the matter has rested. We must remember, when we are discussing languages, that we are merely making the best of a primitive development which, sooner or later, will have to be superseded if it is not to choke further human advance. The flood of information or plague of print which we hear so much about is only felt as such because of the antiquated vehicle we continue to employ for handling it. To illustrate, if we were still restricted to wheelbarrows for manhandling all the goods of the world we should now be talking about the plague of commodities instead of the shortage of freights.
This piece argues that television families’ shift away from the traditional nuclear family form is crucial to understand the relatively rapid acceptance of same-sex marriage in…
Abstract
This piece argues that television families’ shift away from the traditional nuclear family form is crucial to understand the relatively rapid acceptance of same-sex marriage in mainstream politics. Released in the early 2010s, The Americans focusses on a KGB-created family composed of two Soviet spies, total strangers who ultimately have two children to further their cover as an innocent American family running a DuPont Circle travel agency and living in a Virginia suburb of Washington D.C. Rather than being idealised or sought after, The Americans reveals that the nuclear family is legally, socially, and politically constructed, and, in the end, doomed to failure. Sex and love and even children are instrumentally manipulated on a regular basis to further political goals, transforming basic assumptions about how marriage and family life really work beyond the façade of suburban America. This opens space for consideration and acceptance of alternative family forms, including same-sex marriage.
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For the first time since this series of annual reviews of the literature of special librarianship and information work began, the authorship has changed hands. It is fitting to…
Abstract
For the first time since this series of annual reviews of the literature of special librarianship and information work began, the authorship has changed hands. It is fitting to pay tribute to the skill with which Mr J. Bird has compiled this review each year and to express the hope that the same standards of selectivity and pragmatic appraisal set by Mr Bird will be maintained. The aim of the survey remains unchanged: to bring to the notice of librarians, particularly those in the smaller organizations, the more significant and practically useful books, pamphlets, and articles which appeared during the past year, or, more strictly, were received in the Aslib library during the past year. Experience of the types of inquiry most frequently received in the Aslib library has been particularly useful in determining the type of publication that could most profitably be included. As has been stressed in previous years, the survey is not intended to be used as a bibliographical tool, since this purpose is adequately served by other existing services, but rather as a guide to current reading.
I hope that no one here thinks that I have come along today to offer an alternative to the translation pools we heard about earlier this morning. On the contrary, I think that we…
Abstract
I hope that no one here thinks that I have come along today to offer an alternative to the translation pools we heard about earlier this morning. On the contrary, I think that we need more pools and bigger ones. Nevertheless, although existing translation pools can be improved the point will eventually be reached when any further increase in the size and scope of a particular pooling system will result in it becoming so unwieldy that, from the user's point of view, it will be uneconomical either in terms of the cost of maintaining and using it, or in terms of the time taken to get an answer out of the system. To delay that time as long as possible I think we shall have to try to limit the rate of growth of these translation pools. One way of doing this would be to encourage the more extensive simultaneous publication of scientific texts in several languages. There is nothing new about this type of publication. For example, foreign authors may, if they wish, submit their manuscripts for publication in the regular English‐language journals. It is also common practice to find the papers of international conferences published in several languages and most people are familiar with the multi‐language Unesco publications and journals like Progressus which have been published in several languages for many years. In general, however, this practice has tended to be haphazard, but there is a notable exception in the case of the cover‐to‐cover translations of important Russian scientific journals. Here there has been a deliberate systematic approach and now there are about seventy of these publications appearing regularly. The rate of growth of these Russian cover‐to‐cover translations has been spectacular but this, I think, is the only peculiar thing about them. In point of fact the speed with which they have been launched merely reflects the speed with which we have all become uncomfortably aware of the high status of present‐day Russian research and technical development. The Russian translation situation, therefore, should not be regarded as an isolated or unusual phenomenon, and we should be prepared to see and encourage the growth of similar translating developments with other languages. We all know how quickly yesterday's underdeveloped countries can set up important scientific and technological research establishments, and, bearing this in mind, the necessity for a massive translating programme anologous to the Russian programme in a variety of languages which, hitherto, have not been very important for the communication of scientific information, may not be too far in the future. A detailed examination of the Russian translating situation will therefore be useful and may help us to decide how best to tackle the general translating problem.
Rhys Jones, Neil Matthews, Daren Peng and Nicholas Orchowski
The purpose of this paper is to describe the results of a combined numerical and experimental study into the ability of supersonic particle deposition (SPD) to restore the load…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to describe the results of a combined numerical and experimental study into the ability of supersonic particle deposition (SPD) to restore the load carrying capacity of rib stiffened wing planks with simulated stress corrosion cracking (SCC).
Design/methodology/approach
In this context the experimental results reveal that SCC can result in a dramatic reduction in the load carrying capacity of the structure and catastrophic failure via cracking that tears the length of the structure through buckling. A combined numerical and experimental study then reveals how this reduction, in the load carrying capacity can be overcome by using SPD.
Findings
This paper is the first to show that SPD can be used to restore the load carrying capacity of rib stiffened structures with SCC. It also shows that SPD repairs can be designed to have only a minimal effect on the local stiffness and hence on the load path. However, care should be taken to ensure that the design is such that premature failure of the SPD does not occur.
Originality/value
This is the first paper to show that a thin layer of SPD deposited 7,075 aluminium alloy powder on either side of the SCC-simulated stiffener has the potential to restore the load carrying capability of a rib stiffened structure. As such it represents an important first step into establishing the potential for SPD to restore the buckling strength of rib stiffened wing panels containing SCC.
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Khairul Islam, America L. Edwards, Duli Shi, JungKyu Rhys Lim, Ronisha Sheppard, Brooke Fisher Liu and Matthew W. Seeger
This study investigates the processes that the US universities and colleges used to learn during the COVID-19 pandemic and the factors that facilitated and impeded their learning…
Abstract
Purpose
This study investigates the processes that the US universities and colleges used to learn during the COVID-19 pandemic and the factors that facilitated and impeded their learning processes.
Design/methodology/approach
To address this study’s research questions, this study used a crisis communication and learning lens to interview crisis response team members from 30 US higher education institutions in May 2020 (the first pandemic semester). In October 2020 (the second pandemic semester), this study conducted follow-up interviews with 25 of the original interviewees. Overall, this study conducted 55 interviews.
Findings
Learning during the COVID-19 pandemic is facilitated by a recognition of a serious deficiency in the current system and impeded by the need to act quickly. The findings demonstrate the process by which decisions, actions and strategies emerged during crises.
Originality/value
This investigation illustrates how crises can prompt organizational learning while demonstrating the critical role of internal and external resources in the learning process.
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Davide Crivelli, Mark Eaton, Matthew Pearson, Karen Holford and Rhys Pullin
The purpose of this paper is to study the feasibility on the use of alternative parameters for representing acoustic emission (AE) and acousto-ultrasonic (AU) signals, using a…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study the feasibility on the use of alternative parameters for representing acoustic emission (AE) and acousto-ultrasonic (AU) signals, using a wavelet-based approach and the computation of Chebyshev moments.
Design/methodology/approach
Two tests were performed, one on AE artificial signals generated on a CFRP plate and one on an AU setup used for actively detecting impact damage. The waveforms were represented using a data reduction technique based on the Daubechies wavelet and an image processing technique using Chebyshev moments approximation, to get 32 descriptors for each waveform.
Findings
The use of such descriptors allowed in the AE case to verify that the moments are similar when the waveforms are similar; in the AU setup the correlation coefficient of the descriptors with respect to a reference data set was found to be linked to the delimitation size.
Practical implications
Such a data reduction while retaining all the useful information will be positive for wireless sensor networks, where power consumption during data transmission is key. With having to send only a reliable set of descriptors and not an entire waveform, the power consumption is believed to be reduced.
Originality/value
This paper is a preliminary study that fulfils a need for a more reliable data reduction for ultrasonic transient signals, such as those used in AE and AU.
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Reading the political and the familial in The Americans illuminates central features of the New Right. In particular, The Americans provides an opportunity to reconsider the…
Abstract
Reading the political and the familial in The Americans illuminates central features of the New Right. In particular, The Americans provides an opportunity to reconsider the significance of the ‘pro-family’ label to New Right organising, the importance of mothering to the ‘pro-family’ narrative offered by the New Right, and the relationship between this account of mothering and democratic citizenship more broadly. This paper argues: first, the ‘pro-family’ label served to weaponise American families against equality and egalitarian public institutions; second, that this weaponisation of the family was accomplished through a rhetorical and real elevation of the moralised work of mothers in the home; and third, this account of mothering is incompatible with democratic citizenship not only because it reproduces inequality but also because it presents families, particularly mothers, as surrounded by enemies. Surrounded by enemies, their children appear endangered or dangerous should they become products of enemy forces. The pro-family rhetoric of the New Right – with its emphasis on the labour of women, particularly mothers – concealed an insurgent factional bid for power just as the Jennings family concealed an insurgent operation inside the United States. The displacement of law in The Americans mirrors the displacement of law in American conservative politics in the 1980s and law’s replacement by the ideal of sanctified families that the guard republic. The Americans both recognises this reversal in American conservative politics and parodies the reversal of the idea that law protects the family.
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The Howard Shuttering Contractors case throws considerable light on the importance which the tribunals attach to warnings before dismissing an employee. In this case the tribunal…
Abstract
The Howard Shuttering Contractors case throws considerable light on the importance which the tribunals attach to warnings before dismissing an employee. In this case the tribunal took great pains to interpret the intention of the parties to the different site agreements, and it came to the conclusion that the agreed procedure was not followed. One other matter, which must be particularly noted by employers, is that where a final warning is required, this final warning must be “a warning”, and not the actual dismissal. So that where, for example, three warnings are to be given, the third must be a “warning”. It is after the employee has misconducted himself thereafter that the employer may dismiss.