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Article
Publication date: 1 March 1987

ROBERT W GRUBBSTRÖM and JANERIK LUNDQUIST

We consider an oriented network of activities characterized by activity times. Applying the theory of relatively closed systems, the network nodes are interpreted as elements and…

36

Abstract

We consider an oriented network of activities characterized by activity times. Applying the theory of relatively closed systems, the network nodes are interpreted as elements and completion times as element outputs. The behavioural relation of each element is written algebraically in operator form. It is shown how the behavioural relation of the system as a whole may be solved in such a way that explicit dependencies of all completion times on the given activity times are obtained. In this process a matrix containing maximum operators is inverted and the operators in the inverse matrix retain their interpretation.

Details

Kybernetes, vol. 16 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0368-492X

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Article
Publication date: 1 March 1972

R.W. GRUBBSTRÖM

In Part I of this article equations have been developed describing the behaviour of general deterministic systems. These lines of thought are followed up below, and are especially…

79

Abstract

In Part I of this article equations have been developed describing the behaviour of general deterministic systems. These lines of thought are followed up below, and are especially applied to systems the elements of which exhibit linear behaviour. By applying Laplace transform theory, it is established that matrix products determining the system behaviour, the operations of which were to be interpreted symbolically in Part I, are no longer symbolic. It is also shown how a future system behaviour may be obtained as the convolution of vectors, depending on initial values, and a system weight function matrix, depending entirely on structural properties of the system and on element behaviour.

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Kybernetes, vol. 1 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0368-492X

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Book part
Publication date: 29 March 2016

Marc Wouters, Susana Morales, Sven Grollmuss and Michael Scheer

The paper provides an overview of research published in the innovation and operations management (IOM) literature on 15 methods for cost management in new product development, and…

Abstract

Purpose

The paper provides an overview of research published in the innovation and operations management (IOM) literature on 15 methods for cost management in new product development, and it provides a comparison to an earlier review of the management accounting (MA) literature (Wouters & Morales, 2014).

Methodology/approach

This structured literature search covers papers published in 23 journals in IOM in the period 1990–2014.

Findings

The search yielded a sample of 208 unique papers with 275 results (one paper could refer to multiple cost management methods). The top 3 methods are modular design, component commonality, and product platforms, with 115 results (42%) together. In the MA literature, these three methods accounted for 29%, but target costing was the most researched cost management method by far (26%). Simulation is the most frequently used research method in the IOM literature, whereas this was averagely used in the MA literature; qualitative studies were the most frequently used research method in the MA literature, whereas this was averagely used in the IOM literature. We found a lot of papers presenting practical approaches or decision models as a further development of a particular cost management method, which is a clear difference from the MA literature.

Research limitations/implications

This review focused on the same cost management methods, and future research could also consider other cost management methods which are likely to be more important in the IOM literature compared to the MA literature. Future research could also investigate innovative cost management practices in more detail through longitudinal case studies.

Originality/value

This review of research on methods for cost management published outside the MA literature provides an overview for MA researchers. It highlights key differences between both literatures in their research of the same cost management methods.

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Article
Publication date: 1 February 1972

R.W. GRUBBSTRÖM

This paper presents a general conceptual framework for systems built up of elements causally coupled to each other, when such causal influence can be considered as to take place…

70

Abstract

This paper presents a general conceptual framework for systems built up of elements causally coupled to each other, when such causal influence can be considered as to take place through well‐defined channels connecting the elements. In Part I, general deterministic systems are treated and in Part II (appearing in the forthcoming issue) the treatment is confined to systems with elements exhibiting linear behaviour. Special attention is given to the relationship between element behaviour, system structure and system behaviour.

Details

Kybernetes, vol. 1 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0368-492X

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Article
Publication date: 1 April 1978

HÅKAN ANDERSSON

The theory of relatively closed systems first appeared in Kybernetes as two consecutive papers by Grubbström This work was a development of studies in cybernetic modelling…

143

Abstract

The theory of relatively closed systems first appeared in Kybernetes as two consecutive papers by Grubbström This work was a development of studies in cybernetic modelling performed by Lange and Klir and Valach. This paper deals with an application taken from the field of inventory control. The purpose is to show how the theory of relatively closed systems can be used to formulate models, analyse stability conditions and compute equilibrium values for the variables involved.

Details

Kybernetes, vol. 7 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0368-492X

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Book part
Publication date: 12 March 2019

Hamed Fazlollahtabar and Mohammad Saidi-Mehrabad

Abstract

Details

Cost Engineering and Pricing in Autonomous Manufacturing Systems
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78973-469-0

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Article
Publication date: 1 July 2005

Joakim Wikner

A production‐inventory system based on a model proposed by Axsäter is examined with the purpose of understanding the dynamic properties of the model.

2681

Abstract

Purpose

A production‐inventory system based on a model proposed by Axsäter is examined with the purpose of understanding the dynamic properties of the model.

Design/methodology/approach

The information flow concept is discussed and a dynamic analysis using a system simplification approach is carried out to achieve an understanding of the dynamic behaviour of the system. Finally, the information flow is examined and analysed from a hierarchical perspective.

Findings

The model is extended to include an order decision rule and a production unit and it is shown that the extended model has the capability to represent the dynamics of a number of different system management principles. The three different model instances of base stock, kanban and material requirements planning character are analysed.

Originality/value

Dynamic modelling of production‐inventory and supply chain models are usually analysed at an aggregate level not involving any complex relations of materials or capacities. In this paper, this line of research is merged with an approach based on multiple information channels using matrix representation and it is shown how a system simplification approach can be used for this purpose.

Details

Kybernetes, vol. 34 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0368-492X

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Article
Publication date: 12 February 2018

Huthaifa AL-Khazraji, Colin Cole and William Guo

The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of applying two classical controller strategies, including two proportional (P) controllers with two feedback loops and one…

452

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of applying two classical controller strategies, including two proportional (P) controllers with two feedback loops and one proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller with one feedback loop, on the order and inventory performance within a production-inventory control system.

Design/methodology/approach

The simulation experiments of the dynamics behaviour of the production-inventory control system are conducted using a model based on control theory techniques. The Laplace transformation of an Order–Up–To (OUT) model is obtained using a state-space approach, and then the state-space representation is used to design and simulate a controlled model. The simulations of each model with two control configurations are tested by subjecting the system to a random retail sales pattern. The performance of inventory level is quantified by using the Integral of Absolute Error (IAE), whereas the bullwhip effect is measured by using the Variance ratio (Var).

Findings

The simulation results show that one PID controller with one feedback loop outperforms two P controllers with two feedback loops at reducing the bullwhip effect and regulating the inventory level.

Originality/value

The production-inventory control system is broken down into three components, namely: the forecasting mechanism, controller strategy and production-inventory process. A state-space approach is adopted to design and simulate the different controller strategy.

Details

Journal of Modelling in Management, vol. 13 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1746-5664

Keywords

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Book part
Publication date: 19 April 2022

Petchprakai Sirilertsuwan

This chapter shows how different recycling locations influence closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) cost and carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e), as well as reveal competitive recycling…

Abstract

This chapter shows how different recycling locations influence closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) cost and carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e), as well as reveal competitive recycling and manufacturing locations, including relevant distance- and location-related factors, for achieving very low cost and CO2e CLSCs supporting circular economy. Exploratory data analysis is used to analyze results from simulations based on empirical data and market rates relating to textile and clothing CLSCs. The results show that most very low-cost and CO2e CLSCs consist of fabric and garment manufacturing located at the same or nearby locations, and whose labor costs and electricity CO2e are low, whether fiber recycling facilities are located in proximity to used garment sorting facilities or not. Scenario and sensitivity analyses of important cost and CO2e factors for recycling location competitiveness reveal that increasing used garment prices makes locations with high import duties lose competitiveness, and that varying water freight CO2e changes comparative location competitiveness.

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Article
Publication date: 17 April 2020

Hamidreza Panjehfouladgaran and Stanley Frederick W.T. Lim

Reverse logistics (RL), an inseparable aspect of supply chain management, returns used products to recovery processes with the aim of reducing waste generation. Enterprises…

2046

Abstract

Purpose

Reverse logistics (RL), an inseparable aspect of supply chain management, returns used products to recovery processes with the aim of reducing waste generation. Enterprises, however, seem reluctant to apply RL due to various types of risks which are perceived as posing an economic threat to businesses. This paper draws on a synthesis of supply chain and risk management literature to identify and cluster RL risk factors and to recommend risk mitigation strategies for reducing the negative impact of risks on RL implementation.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors identify and cluster risk factors in RL by using risk management theory. Experts in RL and supply chain risk management validated the risk factors via a questionnaire. An unsupervised data mining method, self-organising map, is utilised to cluster RL risk factors into homogeneous categories.

Findings

A total of 41 risk factors in the context of RL were identified and clustered into three different groups: strategic, tactical and operational. Risk mitigation strategies are recommended to mitigate the RL risk factors by drawing on supply chain risk management approaches.

Originality/value

This paper studies risks in RL and recommends risk management strategies to control and mitigate risk factors to implement RL successfully.

Details

Management Decision, vol. 58 no. 7
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0025-1747

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