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Reports on the preparation of some organic corrosion inhibitors, carried out by the reaction of epoxidized linseed oil free fatty acids with different aliphatic amines under the effect of γ‐ray irradiation. Notes that chemical and instrumental methods were used for identification of the reaction products and that the prepared inhibitors were tested for corrosion protection of steel surfaces by incorporating them in some chlorinated rubber varnishes. Reports that the physical, chemical and corrosion protective properties of the varnish films were studied. Concludes that the prepared inhibitors can be used in small quantities to provide varnishes of excellent adhesion and superior protective properties. Contends, also, that increase of the radiation dose during preparation of the inhibitors and/or during the drying process of the varnish films increases the protective properties of the formed films.

Modern glues are manufactured with high moisture and water resistance; urea‐formaldehyde resins for gluing purposes are based on the fact that excellent control of the condensation reaction is possible by variation of pH, which can be applied easily at the production process. Among conclusions is that the shear stress of these resins is twice that of the unmodified type.

Emulsion adhesives can be subdivided on the basis of chemistry to acrylics, styrene‐butadiene latices, styrene‐butadiene/natural rubber blends, vinyl acetate copolymers and natural rubber latices. Acrylics have the advantages of being easily modified by changing the type and amount of polar comonomers. They have excellent ageing characteristics.

The current study aims to examine the relationship between Islamic spirituality (IS), Islamic social responsibility (ISR) and workplace deviance (WD).

Data were collected from 400 Muslim employees of 9 business groups in Pakistan from manufacturing and services industry. The structure equation modeling was used to test the hypotheses, and the proposed model was assessed through renowned model fit indices.

The findings revealed that IS and ISR help curtail WD. The study also provides empirical support to the hypotheses that employees with high levels of IS and social responsibility will tend to avoid deviant behavior at workplace.

This study proposed IS and ISR as two possible stimuli that can help reduce employee deviant behavior at workplace. The findings of the present study revealed that IS, as well as ISR, is inversely related to WD. The present results augmented the existing body of knowledge regarding workplace spirituality in the field of organization behavior and further enriched the WD theory by offering new empirical relationships from an Islamic perspective.

This study aims to propose an efficient method for solving reliability-based design optimization (RBDO) problems.

In the proposed algorithm, genetic algorithm (GA) is employed to search the global optimal solution of design parameters satisfying the reliability and deterministic constraints. The Kriging model based on U learning function is used as a classification tool to accurately and efficiently judge whether an individual solution in GA belongs to feasible region.

Compared with existing methods, the proposed method has two major advantages. The first one is that the GA is employed to construct the optimization framework, which is helpful to search the global optimum solutions of the RBDO problems. The other one is that the use of Kriging model is helpful to improve the computational efficiency in solving the RBDO problems.

Since the boundaries are concerned in two Kriging models, the size of the training set for constructing the convergent Kriging model is small, and the corresponding efficiency is high.

The purpose of this study is to investigate older shopper behavior in a retail environment. The study focused on how the environment elements of supermarket stores influence older customers to interact with other customers when they shop for groceries.

Various qualitative research techniques were undertaken, including interviews with retail architecture experts, store employees, a psychologist and a gerontologist; in addition, five interviews followed by three focus groups were conducted with older shoppers in Brazil.

Customer-to-customer interactions that are related to the environment elements of supermarkets tend to influence the shopping experience of the older shoppers, which has an impact on satisfaction. Although some customers may value social contact, some interactions can involve discomfort and embarrassment.

The study sheds light on the understanding of the influence of the environment elements of supermarket stores on customer-to-customer interactions, and it proposes such interactions to be a relevant strategy that is used by older customers to maximize their satisfaction, although such strategies can also lead to dissatisfaction.

The findings provide insights regarding the specific needs of older customers in a supermarket context, associated with the design and ambient elements of the store environment, which can be valuable for retailers and policy-makers.

Considering the limited understanding of older shoppers and their experiences, this study provides a thorough understanding of how the retail environment can influence customer-to-customer interactions that involve older shoppers. Moreover, the study captures how interactions, which are influenced by the retail environment, can result in dissatisfaction; however, such interactions can also be used by older customers to modify their satisfaction with the shopping experience.

A newly developed polyvinyl acetate (PVA) emulsion latex for adhesive has been prepared by the semicontinuous process using a newly developed octyl aldehyde sodium bisulphite‐potassium persulphate redox pair initiation system. In this work the amount of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a protective colloid has been changed and it was found that only a little amount of (PVA) together with the newly developed adduct could cause a stable latex with excellent mechanical properties for bonding wood which favours this redox system in large industrial applictions. Also monodisperse latex particles with low polydispersity index can be prepared by using 1% PVA coupled with the newly developed redox system. Finally the developed latex has been incorporated and the corresponding shear strength were measured.

Culture and economic settings are often perceived as key influential elements in formulating the entrepreneurial ecosystem, either on the organizations level or the entire social system. In their different forms, culture and economic conditions have always been critical drivers for innovation and entrepreneurship. Understanding the community's cultural traits and economic status helps entrepreneurs map their entrepreneurial objectives and define enablers and deterrents. This chapter investigated the cultural and economic environment within the Gulf Council Countries (GCC), mapped their Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) practices and entrepreneurial performance. It was evident that some cultural traits, such as tribalism, could play an adverse role in supporting entrepreneurship. However, the economic system, which mainly relies on oil and gas production, could be the best enabler for entrepreneurship, which has a unique nature in the GCC and receives high government reinforcement through massive capital surpluses generated from the oil revenue. The latest statistics ranking the global entrepreneurship performance indicated that the GCC lay in the middle area among other countries worldwide. Qatar came on the top of the GCC with a global rank of 22, while Saudi Arabia came last, at position 45 globally. The government legislative and economic support for entrepreneurship activities contributes to preparing a proper authoritative climate that promotes entrepreneurship and could be a golden opportunity for entrepreneurs in the GCC.

Calcium carbonate was used as a filler for polyvinyl acetate emulsion for its application as wood adhesive. Different formulations with variable % of filler were prepared and the shear strength of the applied adhesive on wood was measured. It was concluded that after 24 hours the adhesives develop a reasonable strength. It was also recommended to use the filler in the range of 10–20% by weight of the total formulations to obtain an excellent shear strength. The formulation itself, the viscosity and the total solid content are all important factors and each play a certain role that affect the final adhesive strength.

The purpose of this paper is to identify customers’ service network partners in medical encounters and demonstrate the extent to which customers’ evaluation of each co-creation practice with their service network partners affects their perceived service quality and satisfaction. In addition, the moderating effect of patient age is examined.

By using a field survey, data collected from 164 inpatients were examined through structural equation modeling and multi-group analysis.

The value-creating activities of customers with service providers, companions and other customers during healthcare service encounters have a positive effect on their perception of service quality and satisfaction related to behavioral intentions. Co-creating with service value network partners has a greater impact on perceived service quality and service satisfaction for patients aged 60 or older.

By focusing on participants in customers’ service value co-creating networks, this study contributes to the body of knowledge by confirming the importance of each actor and analyzing customers’ value co-creating activities.

This is the first study to show that when customers’ level of involvement is high, such as in healthcare services, their value-creating activities when interacting with medical staff, companions and other patients positively affect perceived service quality and satisfaction.